Chapter 9: Joints

Suture (Synarthrosis/Fibrous)

Synarthrosis joint located only between the bones of the skull. The edges of the bones are interlocked and bound together at the suture by dense fibrous connective tissue.

Gomphosis (Synarthrosis/Fibrous)

Synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous connections between a tooth and its sockets is called a periodontal ligament.

Symphysis (Amphiarthrosis/Cartilaginous)

The articulating bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage. The joint between the two pubic bones (pubic symphysis) is an example of a symphysis.

Ball-and-socket Joint

The round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another. *Shoulder joint *Hip joint Movement: Angular, circumduction, and rotation. Triaxial.

Synchondrosis (Synarthrosis/Cartilaginous)

A rigid cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones. The connection between the ends of the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and the manubrium of the sternum, and the epiphyseal cartilage that connects the diaphysis to the epiphysis in a growing long bone are synchondrosis.

Synostosis (Synarthrosis/Bony)

A totally rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears. The frontal suture of the frontal bone, the fusion of an infants left and right mandibular bones, and the epiphyseal lines of mature long bones are synostoses.

Syndesmosis (Amphiarthrosis/Fibrous)

At a syndesmosis, bones are connected by a ligament. The distal joint between the tibia and fibula is an example.

Diarthrosis

Free Movement *Synovial (Synovial)

Condylar Joint (Ellipsoidal Joint)

Have an oval articular face nestled within a depression on the opposing surface. *Radiocarpal joint *Metacarpohalangeal joints 2-5 *Metatarsophalangeal joint Movement: Angular. Biaxial.

Saddle Joint

Have complex articular faces and fit together like a rider in a saddle. Each face is concave along one axis and convex along the other. *First carpometacarpal joint Movement: Angular. Biaxial.

Gliding Joint

Have flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide across one another, but the amount of movement is very slight. *Acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints *Intercarpal joint *Vertebrocostal joint *Sacroiliac joint Movement: Gliding. Slight nonaxial or multiaxial

Amphiarthrosis

Little Movement *Syndesmosis (Fibrous) *Symphysis (cartilaginous)

Synarthrosis

No Movement *Suture (Fibrous) *Gomphosis (Fibrous) *Synchondrosis (Cartilaginous) *Synostosis (Bony)

Pivot Joint

Only permit rotation. *Atlantoaxial joint Proximal radioulnar joint Movement: Rotation. Nonaxial

Hinge Joint

Permit angular motion in a singular plane, like the opening and closing of a door. *Elbow joint *Knee joint *Ankle joint *Interphalangeal joint Movement: Angular. Nonaxial

Synovial (Diarthrosis/Synovial)

Permits wider range of motion than other types of joints. They are typically located at the ends of long bones.