Chapter 9 Male Reproductive System- Pathology and Procedures

PSA test

A blood test used to detect prostatic cancer and to monitor the patient's response to therapy

Hypospadias

A developmental anomaly in the male in which the urethra opens on the ventral aspect of the penis or on the perineum

Cryptorchism, cryptorchidism

A developmental defect in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum and are retained in the abdomen or the inguinal canal

Vasectomy

A procedure for male sterilization involving the bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

Syphilis

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, characterized by distinct stages of effects over a period of years

Vasovasostomy

A surgical procedure in which the function of the vas deferens on each side of the testes is restored after having been cut and ligated in a previous vasectomy

Circumcision

A surgical procedure in which the prepuce of the penis or the prepuce of the clitoris is excised

Hydrocele

An accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis testis or along the spermatic cord

Oligospermia

An insufficient number of spermatozoa in the semen

Orchidopexy

An operation to mobilize an undescended testis, bring it into the scrotum, and fix it so that it will not retract

Testicular torsion

Axial rotation of the spermatic cord that cuts off the blood supply to the testicle, epididymis, and other structures

Varicocele

Dilation of the pampiniform venous complex of the spermatic cord, resulting in a soft, elastic swelling that can cause pain

Orchitis

Inflammation of one or both of the testes, characterized by swelling and pain

Balanitis

Inflammation of the glans penis

Aspermia

Lack of formation or ejaculation of semen

Azoospermia

Lack of spermatozoa in the semen

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Nonmalignant, noninflammatory enlargement of the prostate, most common among men over 50 years of age

Digital rectal examination

Palpation of the prostate and rectum for abnormalities by means of insertion of a gloved finger into the rectum

Transurethral resection of the prostate

Resection of the prostate with the use of a cystoscope passed through the urethra

Prostatectomy

Surgical removal of a part of the prostate gland or the total excision of the gland

Orchiectomy

Surgical removal of one or both testes

Spermatogenesis

The process of development of spermatozoa

Castration

The surgical excision of one or both testicles or ovaries

Phimosis

Tightness of the prepuce of the penis that prevents the retraction of the foreskin over the glans

Gonorrhea

a common sexually transmitted disease caused by the organism Neisseria gonorrhoeae