Chapter 9 Milady Nail Structure and Growth
Nail Malformation
This can be a temporary or permanent condition caused by disease, injury or infection that has affected the matrix;these conditions are the only reason a person will shed a nail.
Free edge
part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe
Hyponychium
Forms a protective barrier that prevents microorgansims from invading and infecting the nail bed.
Nail plate
Hardened keratin plate covering the nail bed.
Thinner, narrow groove
If a small portion of the matrix stops making new cells, the nail plate will become ____________ and develop a ___________ _____________
Nail Malformation
If the nail is abnormal in shape or form it is called.....
Water
In a humid environment nails contain more ________________.
Nail bed
Is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.
Matrix
It is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate cells.
Cuticle
It's job is to seal the space between the natural nail plate and the living skin above (the eponychium) to prevent entry of foreign material and micro organisms and to help avoid injury and infection.
Middle, thumb
Nail growth rate is fastest on the nail of the _____________ finger and slowest on the ________________.
Nail plate
Nail polish is applied to the ________ ___________.
4-6 months
Replacement of a natural fingernail takes about
Bed epithelium
The ______ _______________ helps guide the nail plate along the nail bed as it grows.
Cuticle
The ___________ comes from the underside of the skin that lies above the natural nail plate.
Length width and curvature
The ___________, __________, _____ _______________ of the matrix determine the thickness, width and curvature of the natural nail plate
Cuticle
The ____________ is the dead tissue adhered to the nail plate.
Keratin, harder
The _______________ in natural nails is ____________________ than the keratin in skin or hair.
Eponychium
The ___________________ is often mistaken for the cuticle. They are not the same.
Eponychium
The ___________________is living tissue that grows up to the nail plate.
Matrix
The area where the nail plate cells are formed.
1/10 to 1/8 (2.5 mm or 3 mm)
The average rate of nail plate growth in the normal adult I'd about ______ to ______ (_______mm or ______mm) per month.
Cuticle
The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate.
Matrix
The lighter color of the lunula shows the true color of the underlying _____________.
Eponychium
The living skin at the base of the natural nail plate covering the matrix area is called what?
Perionychium
The living skin bordering the root and sides of a fingernail or toenail.
Rigid
The lower the water content, the more ______________ the nail becomes.
Nail fold, base, nail plate
The matrix extends from under the _________ ________ at the ________ of the _________ ____________.
Sweat glands, skin
The nail bed does not have sudoriferous (________ _________) so the nail cannot perspire. It is the ____________ around the nail that perspires.
Bed epithelium
The nail bed is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called the ___________ _____________________.
Nail cells
The nail matrix is constantly creating new ___________ __________
100
The nail plate is constructed of how many layers of nail cells?
Matrix cells
The nail plate is formed by the ____________ _________.
Hyponychium
The slightly thickened layer of the skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate.
Flexibility
The water content directly affects the nails __________________.
Lunula
The whitish, half-moon shape underneath the base of the nail?
9 months to a year
Toenails take about ____ ___________ ___ _ ______ to be replaced
Oil based nail conditioner or nail polish
Using an __________. ___________ _________ _________________ __ ___________ ___________________ to coat the plate can reduce water loss or prevent excessive absorption and improve flexibility.
Lunula
Visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin ?
Nutrition, exercise and a persons general health
What affects the growth and health of the nail plate?
The matrix area
What contains nerves, lymphs, and blood vessels to nourish the matrix cells?
Cuticle moisturizers
What is designed for the eponychium , lateral sidewalks, and hyponychium?
Nail plate
What is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit?
To create nail plate cells
What is the sole job of the matrix cells?
Cuticle removers
What removes the dead cuticle?
Nail beds
__________ ________ are live cells so they do need oxygen, vitamins and minerals.
Nail plates
__________ ___________ are made of dead cells so they do not require oxygen.
Age
__________ affects nail growth
Seasons
_____________ also affect nail growth rate; nails grow faster in the summer then they do in the winter.
Specialized ligaments
_______________ ________________ attach the nail bed and matrix bed to the underlying bone.
Nail folds
are folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate
firm, flexible
A Normal, healthy nail is ___________ but _______________.
15, 25
A healthy nail may look dry and hard, but its water content is actually between _____ and ____ percent.
Position
A nails ______________ on the body affects its growth rate.
Ligament
A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place
Nail groove
Aka furrow, on each side if the nail.
Natural Nail
Also known as ONYX, is the hard protective plate composed mainly of keratin, the fiber shaped protein found in the skin and hair.
Sidewall
Also known as lateral nail fold; the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.
Nail plate, nail bed
As it grows the __________ _________ slowly slides across the ___________ ___________.
Push back
Cosmetologist are permitted to gently __________ _________ the eponychium, but are prohibited from cutting or trimming any part of the eponychium since it is living skin.
Lunula
Every nail has a _______________, but some are short and hidden under the eponychium.