Chapter 9 Milady Nail Structure and Growth

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Nail Malformation

This can be a temporary or permanent condition caused by disease, injury or infection that has affected the matrix;these conditions are the only reason a person will shed a nail.

Free edge

part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe

Hyponychium

Forms a protective barrier that prevents microorgansims from invading and infecting the nail bed.

Nail plate

Hardened keratin plate covering the nail bed.

Thinner, narrow groove

If a small portion of the matrix stops making new cells, the nail plate will become ____________ and develop a ___________ _____________

Nail Malformation

If the nail is abnormal in shape or form it is called.....

Water

In a humid environment nails contain more ________________.

Nail bed

Is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.

Matrix

It is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate cells.

Cuticle

It's job is to seal the space between the natural nail plate and the living skin above (the eponychium) to prevent entry of foreign material and micro organisms and to help avoid injury and infection.

Middle, thumb

Nail growth rate is fastest on the nail of the _____________ finger and slowest on the ________________.

Nail plate

Nail polish is applied to the ________ ___________.

4-6 months

Replacement of a natural fingernail takes about

Bed epithelium

The ______ _______________ helps guide the nail plate along the nail bed as it grows.

Cuticle

The ___________ comes from the underside of the skin that lies above the natural nail plate.

Length width and curvature

The ___________, __________, _____ _______________ of the matrix determine the thickness, width and curvature of the natural nail plate

Cuticle

The ____________ is the dead tissue adhered to the nail plate.

Keratin, harder

The _______________ in natural nails is ____________________ than the keratin in skin or hair.

Eponychium

The ___________________ is often mistaken for the cuticle. They are not the same.

Eponychium

The ___________________is living tissue that grows up to the nail plate.

Matrix

The area where the nail plate cells are formed.

1/10 to 1/8 (2.5 mm or 3 mm)

The average rate of nail plate growth in the normal adult I'd about ______ to ______ (_______mm or ______mm) per month.

Cuticle

The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate.

Matrix

The lighter color of the lunula shows the true color of the underlying _____________.

Eponychium

The living skin at the base of the natural nail plate covering the matrix area is called what?

Perionychium

The living skin bordering the root and sides of a fingernail or toenail.

Rigid

The lower the water content, the more ______________ the nail becomes.

Nail fold, base, nail plate

The matrix extends from under the _________ ________ at the ________ of the _________ ____________.

Sweat glands, skin

The nail bed does not have sudoriferous (________ _________) so the nail cannot perspire. It is the ____________ around the nail that perspires.

Bed epithelium

The nail bed is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called the ___________ _____________________.

Nail cells

The nail matrix is constantly creating new ___________ __________

100

The nail plate is constructed of how many layers of nail cells?

Matrix cells

The nail plate is formed by the ____________ _________.

Hyponychium

The slightly thickened layer of the skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate.

Flexibility

The water content directly affects the nails __________________.

Lunula

The whitish, half-moon shape underneath the base of the nail?

9 months to a year

Toenails take about ____ ___________ ___ _ ______ to be replaced

Oil based nail conditioner or nail polish

Using an __________. ___________ _________ _________________ __ ___________ ___________________ to coat the plate can reduce water loss or prevent excessive absorption and improve flexibility.

Lunula

Visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin ?

Nutrition, exercise and a persons general health

What affects the growth and health of the nail plate?

The matrix area

What contains nerves, lymphs, and blood vessels to nourish the matrix cells?

Cuticle moisturizers

What is designed for the eponychium , lateral sidewalks, and hyponychium?

Nail plate

What is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit?

To create nail plate cells

What is the sole job of the matrix cells?

Cuticle removers

What removes the dead cuticle?

Nail beds

__________ ________ are live cells so they do need oxygen, vitamins and minerals.

Nail plates

__________ ___________ are made of dead cells so they do not require oxygen.

Age

__________ affects nail growth

Seasons

_____________ also affect nail growth rate; nails grow faster in the summer then they do in the winter.

Specialized ligaments

_______________ ________________ attach the nail bed and matrix bed to the underlying bone.

Nail folds

are folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate

firm, flexible

A Normal, healthy nail is ___________ but _______________.

15, 25

A healthy nail may look dry and hard, but its water content is actually between _____ and ____ percent.

Position

A nails ______________ on the body affects its growth rate.

Ligament

A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place

Nail groove

Aka furrow, on each side if the nail.

Natural Nail

Also known as ONYX, is the hard protective plate composed mainly of keratin, the fiber shaped protein found in the skin and hair.

Sidewall

Also known as lateral nail fold; the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

Nail plate, nail bed

As it grows the __________ _________ slowly slides across the ___________ ___________.

Push back

Cosmetologist are permitted to gently __________ _________ the eponychium, but are prohibited from cutting or trimming any part of the eponychium since it is living skin.

Lunula

Every nail has a _______________, but some are short and hidden under the eponychium.


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