Chapter 9 Reading Quiz

Which of the following statements describes workers' approach to alcohol consumption in the 1820s?

Many workers used alcohol as an escape from the routine of work but also drank in their workplaces.

In the first half of the nineteenth century, American manufacturers' main advantage over the British mills was that they had access to which of the following?

More natural resources

Which American principle played a critical role in advancing technology in the early days of the American Industrial Revolution?

American ingenuity

Which of these factors was the critical stimulus for the growth of domestic American markets in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Better transportation networks

Which of these did elite Americans embrace after the Industrial Revolution in order to set themselves apart from other groups of Americans?

Conspicuous displays of their wealth through clothing and housing

By the 1830s, most laborers in the urban Northeast lived in which type of residences?

Crowded boardinghouses and tiny apartments

Which of the following describes German immigrants who settled in the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the midwestern states.

Which of the following characterizes patterns of immigration into the United States during the 1840s and 1850s?

Most of the Irish who arrived in the United States were poverty-stricken peasants.

For which of the following reasons did New York's state government fund the building of the Erie Canal in 1817?

New Yorkers sought to link the Hudson River with the Great Lakes.

Roman Catholic immigration into the United States in the 1840s had which of the following effects?

Protestants' rejection of their new Catholic coworkers undercut trade unionism.

Which of the following replaced canals as the primary form of transportation in the United States in the nineteenth century?

Railroads

Who was the English immigrant who secretly brought the design of the most advanced British machinery for spinning cotton to America in 1789?

Samuel Slater

Which of the following was an outcome of the division of labor in early American shoe factories?

Shoe production increased.

Which of the following was the message of Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, published in full in 1818?

The suggestion that an industrious man could become wealthy

Which of the following factors explained the rapid growth of western cities such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and New Orleans?

Their role in transportation networks

During the 1840s and 1850s, Roman Catholic churches in the United States were known for

providing community services and a sense of group identity for most Irish and many German immigrants.

The concept that the price of a product should reflect the work required to make it is known as

the labor theory of value.

Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when they refused in the 1830s to work until conditions improved?

Irish immigrants

Which of the following describes the new industrial system that developed in early nineteenth-century America?

It brought workers together under one roof in a factory.

The construction of the Erie Canal, the first great engineering project in American history, was successful for which of the following reasons?

It increased the speed of shipping and travel while greatly lowering its cost.

Why did Congress approve funds for the construction of the National Road in 1806?

To link midwestern settlers to the seaboard states

Which of the following statements characterizes the emergence of the textile industry in the United States?

Using British textile machinery as their model, American textile producers built their own textile mills in New England and ultimately improved on British technology.

Which of the following was an outcome of the American Industrial Revolution in the early nineteenth century?

American businesses soon dominated in many European markets.

Nativist fears were directed mostly at which of the following groups in early and mid-nineteenth-century America?

Irish immigrants

In the early 1800s, British textile manufacturers had which of the following advantages over their American competitors?

A large pool of cheap labor

How did the spread of industrialization in the United States during the 1820s and 1830s affect skilled artisans?

As machines changed the nature of their work, shoemakers, hatters, printers, furniture makers, and weavers faced declining income, job insecurity, and loss of status.

To which of the following causes did Isabella Graham and Joanna Bethune contribute in the early nineteenth century?

Assisting widows and orphans

How did middle-class reformers attempt to overcome disorder and lawlessness among urban wage earners in early nineteenth-century America?

By forming regional and national organizations to institutionalize charity and combat crime systematically

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?

By passing protective tariffs

Between 1820 and 1840, the economic conditions for casual day laborers in American cities changed in which of the following ways?

Casual day laborers bore the brunt of unemployment during business depressions.

What killed thousands of poor immigrants in St. Louis and New York City in the summer of 1849?

Cholera

Which concept promoted by the Second Great Awakening reinforced its push for societal reform?

Free moral agency

How did Thomas Jefferson respond to the development of American manufacturing by the 1820s?

He praised industrialization and expressed pride in American progress in manufacturing.

Which of the following statements describes the American Waltham plan, which was later known as the Lowell system?

Its creators recruited farm girls and women to work in factories.

Which inventor is properly matched with the item he invented?

John Deere—the steel plow

The most critical contribution American mechanics made to the Industrial Revolution was the development of which of the following?

Machine tools

By the 1830s, coal and metal manufacturers increasingly used which of the following to run machinery?

Steam engines

Through which of the following sources did the U.S. Treasury raise most of its revenue during the first half of the 1800s?

Tariffs on imported goods

Through which of the following movements did evangelical reformers succeed in effecting substantial legal and cultural transformations in early nineteenth-century America?

Temperance

The transformation that occurred as American factories and farms turned out more goods, and merchants and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers, was known as which of the following?

The Market Revolution

Which of the following Puritan ideas became a middle-class conviction with a secular twist during industrialization in the early 1800s?

The Protestant work ethic

How did the appearance of canals and steamboats in the United States affect the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?

The canals and steamboats cut in half most travel and communication time.

The construction of the Erie Canal had which of the following negative consequences?

The construction of the canal and its heavy use altered the ecology of the entire region.

Around the 1830s, what new form of manufacturing emerged in America?

The fabrication of metal products

Charles Grandison Finney found success as a young revivalist preacher in the 1820s by emphasizing which of the following issues in his sermons?

The importance of personal conversion

Which of these inventions spurred the growth of agriculture in the Midwest in the 1840s?

The steel plow

Which of the following was one of the ways that wageworkers strove to resist their bosses' efforts to control their nonwork lives in the early to mid-nineteenth century?

They built a robust workers' culture that preserved their autonomy outside work.

Which of these describes the experiences of the young women who worked in the New England textile mills in the 1820s and 1830s?

They were able to save their wages for later use or to help out their families.

Which of the following was an outcome of the rural outwork system of manufacturing in the 1820s and 1830s?

Workers' wages decreased.

In the 1824 U.S. Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden, the Marshall Court's decision

overturned New York law that granted a monopoly on steamboat travel into New York City.