Chapter 9 SB

__________ is a person's understanding of who they are, their strengths, and the roles they are best suited to play.

Identity

Which of Erikson's stages occurs during adolescence when individuals try to discover who they are and their uniqueness?

Identity vs. role-confusion

Which of Erikson's stages occurs in adolescence and consists of getting to know yourself and what you want to do?

Identity-versus-role-confusion

_________ is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.

Attachment

___________ parents give their child firm limits, however, try to explain and and set clear goals. Independence is the core of this parenting style.

Authoritative

____________ parents give their child firm limits, however, try to explain and and set clear goals. Independence is the core of this parenting style.

Authoritative

In Erikson's theory, during what period of life is the identity vs. role-confusion stage predominant?

Adolescence

The developmental stage between childhood and adulthood is __________

Adolescence

What is the most important form of social development that occurs during infancy?

Attachment

What type of development is characterized by improved capacity to process information and understand the world due to advancing age and experience? Multiple choice question.

Cognitive development

The ____________ operational stage occurs during 7 to 12 years of age according to Piaget's stages of development.

Concrete

In which Eriksonian stage do those in later adulthood come to grips with feeling their life has been successful versus regretting what they did not achieve?

Ego-integrity vs. despair

Which of Erikson's stages of development occurs in late adulthood and consists of reviewing one's accomplishments and failures?

Ego-integrity-versus-despair

__________ adulthood is the period beginning in the late teenage years and extending into the mid-20s, individuals are no longer adolescents nor adults during this stage of development

Emerging

__________ adulthood is the period beginning in the late teenage years and extending into the mid-20s, individuals are no longer adolescents nor adults during this stage of development.

Emerging

During this stage of development individuals have not completely taken on the responsibilities of adulthood.

Emerging adulthood

During which Erikson stage do individuals in middle adulthood come to terms with being able to contribute to one's family and community instead of feeling they have nothing to contribute to the future?

Generativity vs stagnation

Which of Erikson's stages occurs in middle adulthood and involves making contributions to help out the younger generation?

Generativity-versus-stagnation

______ suggest that human cells have a(n) built-in time limit to their reproduction and that after a certain time they are no longer able to divide.

Genetic preprogramming theories of aging

What theory of aging suggests that human cells have a time limit to their reproduction and after a certain time, they can no longer divide?

Genetic preprogramming theory

When an animal becomes attached to the first moving object it encounters after birth, it is called

Imprinting

School age social interactions help children attain the following aspects.

Interpret the meaning of others' behaviors Develop the capacity to respond to situations appropriately Learn physical and emotional control

Which of Erikson's stages occurs in early adulthood and consists of focusing on developing close relationships?

Intimacy-versus-isolation

Who developed the Theory of Moral Development with three moral reasoning levels?

Kohlberg

A female who has stopped menstruating and is no longer fertile has gone through what process?

Menopause

Which statement most accurately reflects the changing gender roles in the home over the past several decades?

More women are working outside the home while raising children.

_________ parents provide a relaxed or inconsistent direction to their children.

Permissive

_____________ parents provide a relaxed or inconsistent direction to their children.

Permissive

_________ stage is the use of language in children 2 to 7 years of age.

Preoperational

________ development involves changes in our interactions as well as our understanding of one another in society.

Psychosocial

____________ development involves changes in our interactions as well as our understanding of one another in society.

Psychosocial

What do we call the unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?

Reflexes

The first stage of cognitive development according to Piaget is the ________ stage.

Sensorimotor

Match Piaget's stages of cognitive development.

Sensorimotor stage Preoperational stage Concrete operational stage Formal operational stage

Most 40-year-olds have a relatively calm passage into ____________ age.

middle

What is another term for a newborn?

neonate

What is a neonate?

newborn

Lev __________ unlike Piagetian and information processing approaches believes that social aspects of learning is integral to development.

Vygotsky

Lev ____________ unlike Piagetian and information processing approaches believes that social aspects of learning is integral to development.

Vygotsky

What theory of aging suggests that the mechanical functions of the body simply stop working efficiently as an organism ages?

Wear-and-tear theory

The identity-versus-role-confusion stage spans the period of

adolescence.

According to Erikson, the identity-versus-role-confusion stage normally occurs during the stage of life called ___________

adolescent

__________ parents are rigid and punitive and would most likely say something like "I want to see you and not hear you; or do as I say not as I do."

authoritarian

Toddlers develop independence if freedom and exploration are encouraged in Erikson's ______ stage

autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt

Intimacy versus isolation, according to Erikson's theory, focuses on developing

close relationships.

Some theorists believe children cannot understand certain ideas and concepts until they reach a certain level of ____________ development.

cognitive

The cognitive stage of development consists of sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, __________ operational stage and ___________ operational stage.

concrete formal

When child between the ages of 7 to 12 have the ability to think in a more logical manner they are exhibiting Piaget's stage of ______ development.

concrete operational

During Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages there is resolution of a ________ or conflict.

crisis

During Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages there is resolution of a _________ or conflict.

crisis

During Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages there is resolution of a ___________ or conflict.

crisis

According to Lev Vygotsky the __________ or the environment in which we are raised significantly affects our cognitive development.

culture

According to Lev Vygotsky the ____________ or the environment in which we are raised significantly affects our cognitive development.

culture

During the ages of 12 years to adulthood one should reach the __________ operational stage of cognitive development

formal

During the ages of 12 years to adulthood one should reach the ____________ operational stage of cognitive development.

formal

The ______ operational stage of cognitive development produces abstract thought, formal and logical thought.

formal

The distinguishing character of the individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of is our __________

identity

The distinguishing character of the individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of is our ____________

identity

The distinguishing character of the individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of is our ______________

identity

The distinguishing character of the individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of is called

identity.

Behavior that takes place during a critical period in which an animal becomes attached to the first moving object is

imprinting.

The percentage of U.S. households made up of unmarried couples has ______ dramatically over the last two decades.

increased

The age at which people in the U.S. get married is

increasing.

Industry-versus- _________stage is when social interactions or academic skills, characterizes psychosocial development.

inferiority

The way in which people take in, use, and store information is called

information processing.

Erik Erikson's third stage of development is when children have a desire to act independently and if parents react positively to children's independence children will accomplish

initiative.

Erikson's stage that focuses on developing close relationships during early adulthood is

intimacy vs. isolation.

What theory stresses how people pass through a series of stages in the evolution of their sense of justice and in the kind of reasoning they use to make moral judgments?

kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Puberty is the period at which

maturation of sex organs occurs.

The period during which women stop menstruating and are no longer fertile is

menopause

The period during which women stop menstruating and are no longer fertile is ___________

menopause

For girls, puberty occurs when

menstruation starts.

Most 40-year-olds have a relatively calm passage into ________ age.

middle

trust-versus-mistrust is the first stage of Erik Erikson's stages of development in which an infant develops feelings of trust if their ____________ requirements and ____________ needs for attachment are met.

physical psychological

When children are able to describe events, and feelings, or use symbols in play, and pretending, they are exhibiting ______ stage of development.

preoperational

Information _____________ is the way in which people take in, use, and store information.

processing

Autonomy-versus shame-and-doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson's stages of development and the infant develops feelings of unhappiness if they are overly restricted and ________

protected

_________ development involves changes in our interactions as well as our understanding of one another in society.

psychosocial

___________ is the period at which maturation of sexual organs occurs.

puberty

An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus is a

reflex

_________ stage is when children base their understanding of the world primarily on touching, sucking, chewing, and manipulation.

sensorimotor

During school age children need __________ __________ to learn to be polite and to control their emotional displays and facial expressions.

social interaction

Adolescence is

the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood.

On average, menopause occurs when women are in

their late 40s and early 50s.

In the early 40s, people enter a period called midlife

transition.

In addition to being wives and mothers, about 75% of married mothers of school-age children today are often also

wage earners.

Theories that suggest that the mechanical functions of the body simply stop working efficiently are known as

wear-and-tear theories of aging.