Chapter 9 SB
__________ is a person's understanding of who they are, their strengths, and the roles they are best suited to play.
Identity
Which of Erikson's stages occurs during adolescence when individuals try to discover who they are and their uniqueness?
Identity vs. role-confusion
Which of Erikson's stages occurs in adolescence and consists of getting to know yourself and what you want to do?
Identity-versus-role-confusion
_________ is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.
Attachment
___________ parents give their child firm limits, however, try to explain and and set clear goals. Independence is the core of this parenting style.
Authoritative
____________ parents give their child firm limits, however, try to explain and and set clear goals. Independence is the core of this parenting style.
Authoritative
In Erikson's theory, during what period of life is the identity vs. role-confusion stage predominant?
Adolescence
The developmental stage between childhood and adulthood is __________
Adolescence
What is the most important form of social development that occurs during infancy?
Attachment
What type of development is characterized by improved capacity to process information and understand the world due to advancing age and experience? Multiple choice question.
Cognitive development
The ____________ operational stage occurs during 7 to 12 years of age according to Piaget's stages of development.
Concrete
In which Eriksonian stage do those in later adulthood come to grips with feeling their life has been successful versus regretting what they did not achieve?
Ego-integrity vs. despair
Which of Erikson's stages of development occurs in late adulthood and consists of reviewing one's accomplishments and failures?
Ego-integrity-versus-despair
__________ adulthood is the period beginning in the late teenage years and extending into the mid-20s, individuals are no longer adolescents nor adults during this stage of development
Emerging
__________ adulthood is the period beginning in the late teenage years and extending into the mid-20s, individuals are no longer adolescents nor adults during this stage of development.
Emerging
During this stage of development individuals have not completely taken on the responsibilities of adulthood.
Emerging adulthood
During which Erikson stage do individuals in middle adulthood come to terms with being able to contribute to one's family and community instead of feeling they have nothing to contribute to the future?
Generativity vs stagnation
Which of Erikson's stages occurs in middle adulthood and involves making contributions to help out the younger generation?
Generativity-versus-stagnation
______ suggest that human cells have a(n) built-in time limit to their reproduction and that after a certain time they are no longer able to divide.
Genetic preprogramming theories of aging
What theory of aging suggests that human cells have a time limit to their reproduction and after a certain time, they can no longer divide?
Genetic preprogramming theory
When an animal becomes attached to the first moving object it encounters after birth, it is called
Imprinting
School age social interactions help children attain the following aspects.
Interpret the meaning of others' behaviors Develop the capacity to respond to situations appropriately Learn physical and emotional control
Which of Erikson's stages occurs in early adulthood and consists of focusing on developing close relationships?
Intimacy-versus-isolation
Who developed the Theory of Moral Development with three moral reasoning levels?
Kohlberg
A female who has stopped menstruating and is no longer fertile has gone through what process?
Menopause
Which statement most accurately reflects the changing gender roles in the home over the past several decades?
More women are working outside the home while raising children.
_________ parents provide a relaxed or inconsistent direction to their children.
Permissive
_____________ parents provide a relaxed or inconsistent direction to their children.
Permissive
_________ stage is the use of language in children 2 to 7 years of age.
Preoperational
________ development involves changes in our interactions as well as our understanding of one another in society.
Psychosocial
____________ development involves changes in our interactions as well as our understanding of one another in society.
Psychosocial
What do we call the unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?
Reflexes
The first stage of cognitive development according to Piaget is the ________ stage.
Sensorimotor
Match Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
Sensorimotor stage Preoperational stage Concrete operational stage Formal operational stage
Most 40-year-olds have a relatively calm passage into ____________ age.
middle
What is another term for a newborn?
neonate
What is a neonate?
newborn
Lev __________ unlike Piagetian and information processing approaches believes that social aspects of learning is integral to development.
Vygotsky
Lev ____________ unlike Piagetian and information processing approaches believes that social aspects of learning is integral to development.
Vygotsky
What theory of aging suggests that the mechanical functions of the body simply stop working efficiently as an organism ages?
Wear-and-tear theory
The identity-versus-role-confusion stage spans the period of
adolescence.
According to Erikson, the identity-versus-role-confusion stage normally occurs during the stage of life called ___________
adolescent
__________ parents are rigid and punitive and would most likely say something like "I want to see you and not hear you; or do as I say not as I do."
authoritarian
Toddlers develop independence if freedom and exploration are encouraged in Erikson's ______ stage
autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt
Intimacy versus isolation, according to Erikson's theory, focuses on developing
close relationships.
Some theorists believe children cannot understand certain ideas and concepts until they reach a certain level of ____________ development.
cognitive
The cognitive stage of development consists of sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, __________ operational stage and ___________ operational stage.
concrete formal
When child between the ages of 7 to 12 have the ability to think in a more logical manner they are exhibiting Piaget's stage of ______ development.
concrete operational
During Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages there is resolution of a ________ or conflict.
crisis
During Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages there is resolution of a _________ or conflict.
crisis
During Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages there is resolution of a ___________ or conflict.
crisis
According to Lev Vygotsky the __________ or the environment in which we are raised significantly affects our cognitive development.
culture
According to Lev Vygotsky the ____________ or the environment in which we are raised significantly affects our cognitive development.
culture
During the ages of 12 years to adulthood one should reach the __________ operational stage of cognitive development
formal
During the ages of 12 years to adulthood one should reach the ____________ operational stage of cognitive development.
formal
The ______ operational stage of cognitive development produces abstract thought, formal and logical thought.
formal
The distinguishing character of the individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of is our __________
identity
The distinguishing character of the individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of is our ____________
identity
The distinguishing character of the individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of is our ______________
identity
The distinguishing character of the individual: who each of us is, what our roles are, and what we are capable of is called
identity.
Behavior that takes place during a critical period in which an animal becomes attached to the first moving object is
imprinting.
The percentage of U.S. households made up of unmarried couples has ______ dramatically over the last two decades.
increased
The age at which people in the U.S. get married is
increasing.
Industry-versus- _________stage is when social interactions or academic skills, characterizes psychosocial development.
inferiority
The way in which people take in, use, and store information is called
information processing.
Erik Erikson's third stage of development is when children have a desire to act independently and if parents react positively to children's independence children will accomplish
initiative.
Erikson's stage that focuses on developing close relationships during early adulthood is
intimacy vs. isolation.
What theory stresses how people pass through a series of stages in the evolution of their sense of justice and in the kind of reasoning they use to make moral judgments?
kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Puberty is the period at which
maturation of sex organs occurs.
The period during which women stop menstruating and are no longer fertile is
menopause
The period during which women stop menstruating and are no longer fertile is ___________
menopause
For girls, puberty occurs when
menstruation starts.
Most 40-year-olds have a relatively calm passage into ________ age.
middle
trust-versus-mistrust is the first stage of Erik Erikson's stages of development in which an infant develops feelings of trust if their ____________ requirements and ____________ needs for attachment are met.
physical psychological
When children are able to describe events, and feelings, or use symbols in play, and pretending, they are exhibiting ______ stage of development.
preoperational
Information _____________ is the way in which people take in, use, and store information.
processing
Autonomy-versus shame-and-doubt is the second stage of Erik Erikson's stages of development and the infant develops feelings of unhappiness if they are overly restricted and ________
protected
_________ development involves changes in our interactions as well as our understanding of one another in society.
psychosocial
___________ is the period at which maturation of sexual organs occurs.
puberty
An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus is a
reflex
_________ stage is when children base their understanding of the world primarily on touching, sucking, chewing, and manipulation.
sensorimotor
During school age children need __________ __________ to learn to be polite and to control their emotional displays and facial expressions.
social interaction
Adolescence is
the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood.
On average, menopause occurs when women are in
their late 40s and early 50s.
In the early 40s, people enter a period called midlife
transition.
In addition to being wives and mothers, about 75% of married mothers of school-age children today are often also
wage earners.
Theories that suggest that the mechanical functions of the body simply stop working efficiently are known as
wear-and-tear theories of aging.