Chapter One: A First look at Anatomy

Describe the difference between the directional superior and inferior.

Superior is upward, closer to the head and inferior is downward, closer to the feet.

List the levels of organization in a human, starting at the simplest level and proceeding to the most complex.

1) atoms 2) molecules 3) cellular 4) tissue 5) organ 6) organ system 7) organism

Describe the body in the anatomic position. Why is the anatomic position used?

An individual stands upright with feet parallel and flat on the floor. The anatomic position is used to visualizing the body and references when describing and discussing its regions.

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Anatomy is the study of structure and physiology is the function of the structure.

List the anatomic terms that describes each of the following body regions: forearm, wrist, chest, armpit, thigh, and foot.

Antebrachial, Carpal, Femoral, Pectoral, Axillary, Pes

What are two body cavities within the posterior aspect, and what does each cavity contain?

Carnial cavity is formed by the cranium. It house the brain. Vertebral canal is formed by the individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord.

What are some of the subdisciplines of gross anatomy?

Comparative anatomy, developmental anatomy, embryology, reginal anatomy, subface anatomy, and systemic anatomy.

Distinguish between cytology and histology

Cytology is the study of single body cells and their internal structures an histology is the study of tissue.

What research method that is still used today formed the basis of our earliest knowledge about human body structure?

Dissection. Plastination and cryotechnology.

How did the invention of movable type and engraving techniques contribute to the science of human anatomy?

It leads to Vesaluis's illustrated and anatomically accurate textbook in the 1500's as well as to important books by William Harvey in the next century.

Describe which medical imaging techniques are best suited for examining soft tissues, and which are better suited for examining harder body tissues, such as bone.

MRI is best examining soft tissue and x-ray is best examining bone.

List four characteristics common to all organisms?

Organization, metabolism, growth and development responsiveness, adaption, regulation, and reproduction.

What properties are common to all living things?

Organization, metabolism, growth and development, responsiveness, adaption, regulation, and reproduction.

What are the organ systems in the human body?

Skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, male, and female systems.

At which level of organization is the working stomach and digestive system?

The organ level and the organ system level

If a physician makes an incision into a body cavity just superior to the diaphragm and inferior to the neck, what body cavity will be exposed?

The thoracic cavity will be exposed by an incision superior to the diaphragm and inferior to the neck.

Which level of organization consists of similar calls that work together to perform a common function?

The tissue level

Describe the structure and the function of serous membranes in the body.

They are slippery so allow organs to move past each other. Offset friction and tension. Ex)ling rub against inner walls of pleural cavity that wold produce a lot of tissue damage if there was not a serous membrane attach outer surface of the rib cage, allows for inflation and expanding.

What type of plane would separate the nose and mouth into superior and inferior structure?

Transverse (horizontal) plane