Chapter Quizzes (Chapter 4. The Tissue Level of Organization Chapter 5. The Integumentary System, Chapter 6. Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure)

The important steps occurring in repair of a fractured bone are, in order, __________. numbness, granulation, clot formation, and clot dissolution pain, swelling, heat, and redness clot formation, internal callus formation, bone production, and remodeling None of the listed responses is correct.

clot formation, internal callus formation, bone production, and remodeling

Mesenchyme is __________. found binding organs such as lymphocytes together used as insulation under the skin an embryonic connective tissue All of the listed responses are correct.

an embryonic connective tissue

Nails, sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands __________. originate from the dermis are epidermal derivatives grow continuously throughout life All of the listed responses are correct.

are epidermal derivatives

Apocrine sweat glands __________. produce a watery, salty secretion are far more numerous than eccrine sweat glands are found in the armpits, groin, and around the nipples cool the surface of the skin

are found in the armpits, groin, and around the nipples

Skeletal muscle cells __________. are uninucleate are striated have intercalated discs All of the listed responses are correct.

are striated

Which of the following is NOT found in ALL connective tissues? basement membrane ground substance specialized cells extracellular protein fibers

basement membrane

What are the four stages in the regeneration of skin, in the correct order? scab formation, degeneration, fibroblast activity (regeneration), and bleeding bleeding, scab formation, fibroblast activity (regeneration), and scab shedding swelling, heat, tenderness, and pain clot dissolution, granulation, fibroblast activity (regeneration), and scab formation

bleeding, scab formation, fibroblast activity (regeneration), and scab shedding

Which of the following is a fluid connective tissue? blood cartilage saliva adipose tissue

blood

Spongy bone is located where __________. bones are not heavily stressed stress is applied from a limited range of directions stress arrives from many directions bones are not heavily stressed, and where stress arrives from many directions

bones are not heavily stressed, and where stress arrives from many directions

Long bones, such as the femur, increase in size throughout childhood by __________. interstitial growth appositional growth both interstitial grown and appositional growth neither interstitial growth nor appositional growt

both interstitial grown and appositional growth

The size and number of __________ vary among individuals. irregular bones sutural bones sesamoid bones both sesamoid and sutural bones

both sesamoid and sutural bones

Which of the following hormones helps to increase calcium levels in bone and is therefore critical for children and pregnant women? ADH calcitriol parathyroid hormone calcitonin

calcitonin

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) __________. can be absorbed from food can be synthesized from food can be converted directly to calciferol in the liver All of the listed responses are correct

can be absorbed from food

Which of the following structures is NOT a type of dense regular connective tissue? tendon capsule ligament aponeurosis

capsule

Which of the following glands produces earwax? merocrine (eccrine) glands ceruminous glands mammary glands apocrine glands

ceruminous glands

Cardiac muscle cells are __________. connected to each other at intercalated discs known as cardioblasts larger than skeletal muscle cells All of the listed responses are correct.

connected to each other at intercalated discs

The body of the nail __________. is covered by the cuticle is not affected by diseases consists of dead, tightly compacted cells is beneath the hypochondrium

consists of dead, tightly compacted cells

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissues? defend the body from invasion by microorganisms store energy reserves, especially in the form of lipids cover surfaces and line body cavities support, surround, and interconnect other tissue types

cover surfaces and line body cavities

The endosteum __________. covers the trabeculae covers the teeth covers the outer surface of most bones All of the listed responses are correct.

covers the trabeculae

Which of the following represents the correct order of structures from the outside in? superficial fascia, subserous fascia, deep fascia, serous membrane, cutaneous membrane cutaneous membrane, superficial fascia, subserous fascia, serous membrane, deep fascia superficial fascia, cutaneous membrane, deep fascia, subserous fascia, serous membrane cutaneous membrane, superficial fascia, deep fascia, subserous fascia, serous membrane

cutaneous membrane, superficial fascia, deep fascia, subserous fascia, serous membrane

Tendons and ligaments are examples of what type of connective tissue? hypodermis dense regular connective tissue superficial fascia subserous fascia

dense regular connective tissue

Which of the following is NOT a major blood vessel of a typical bone? metaphyseal vessel diaphyseal vessel nutrient vein periosteal vessel nutrient artery

diaphyseal vessel

The reduction in sebum production due to aging can lead to __________. dry and scaly skin overheating in warm environments wrinkles sunburn

dry and scaly skin

The protective scab that forms over an injury consists of __________. collagen fibers cellulite fibrin granulation tissue

fibrin

What cell is the most abundant in connective tissue proper? macrophages fibroblasts adipocytes mast cells

fibroblasts

Which type of cartilage is best able to resist compression and absorb shock? elastic fibrous hyaline

fibrous

Sebaceous glands, associated with hair follicles, produce a thick, oily substance by releasing the entire cell and its contents. This is known as __________ secretion. mixed holocrine apocrine merocrine

holocrine

Which type of cartilage reduces friction between bony surfaces? fibrous hyaline elastic

hyaline

The mineral crystal found within the matrix of bone is called __________. calcium oxalate calcium carbonate calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite

hydroxyapatite

Which of the following is NOT an accessory structure of the integumentary system? nails multicellular exocrine glands hypodermis hair

hypodermis

Cancer rates __________ as we age. decrease increase do not change are not affected by environmental chemicals

increase

Which of the following processes or conditions would NOT occur in aging skin? thinning of the dermis decline in germinative cell activity decrease in the number of Langerhans cells decline in vitamin D3 production increase in glandular activity

increase in glandular activity

What is the function of sebum? cools the skin inhibits bacteria and lubricates the keratin of hair traps particles in the ear excretes water and electrolyte

inhibits bacteria and lubricates the keratin of hair

Osteoblasts are __________. inactive bone cells less differentiated or specialized than an osteoprogenitor cell involved in removing matrix from dense bone involved only in bone maintenance in childhood and puberty. involved in the production of new bone matrix

involved in the production of new bone matrix

Spinal vertebrae are examples of __________. sesamoid bones sutural bones irregular bones short bones

irregular bones

The eponychium __________. is found at the free edge of the nail is the nail cuticle is a pale crescent at the base of the nail extends under the nail

is the nail cuticle

What forms when scar tissue continues beyond the requirements of tissue repair? stretch marks granulation tissue scab keloid

keloid

Cylinders found around the central canal in the osteon are __________. osteocytes osteoid lacunae lamellae

lamellae

The diaphysis is connected to the epiphysis by the __________. marrow cavity sutures metaphysis medulla

metaphysis

Which of the following types of fibers is NOT found in connective tissue proper? elastic reticular myosin collagen

myosin

What are the two basic cell types found in neural tissue? axons and dendrites neurons and neuroglia cardiac and striated fibers and synapses

neurons and neuroglia

Simple epithelia have __________ layers of cells, whereas stratified epithelia have __________ layers of cells. one; several many; one one; seem to have many several; several

one; several

What is the basic functional unit of compact bone? lamella osteoclast osteon osteocyte

osteon

Which of the following areas of the skin has the greatest concentration of eccrine sweat glands? armpit scalp face palm

palm

What are the major components of the dermis? desmosomes and microvilli basal cells and Merkel cells papillary layer and reticular layer keratinocytes and melanocytes

papillary layer and reticular layer

Gap junctions __________. produce narrow passages that allow ions to move between cells are most common in bone tissue and blood block the passage of water and solutes between cells reinforce the attachments between cells

produce narrow passages that allow ions to move between cells

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissues? protecting delicate organs storing energy reserves producing specialized secretions transporting materials

producing specialized secretions

What is the accumulation of debris, fluid, and dead and dying cells collectively called? necrosis regeneration scar pus

pus

The continuous recycling and renewing of bone matrix is called __________. osteopenia remodeling intramembranous ossification appositional growth

remodeling

Decubitus ulcers __________. result from a lack of circulation are growths of excess skin tissue result in excess pigmentation, or "birthmarks." All of the listed responses are correc

result from a lack of circulation

Your fingerprints are the external manifestation of dips and ridges characteristic of which layer? stratum corneum stratum germinativum stratum lucidum

stratum germinativum

Perforating canals __________. supply blood to the skin are filled with bone marrow supply blood to the osteons are artifacts

supply blood to the osteons

The root hair plexus __________. causes hairs to stand erect is responsible for deep pressure sensations surrounds the base of each hair None of the listed responses is correct.

surrounds the base of each hair

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the skin? excretions of salts, organic wastes, and water synthesis of B vitamins protection of underlying structures detection of sensory information maintenance of normal body temperatures

synthesis of B vitamins

Calcium ion concentration in the blood depends on activities occurring in __________. the bones, intestines, and kidneys the heart, lungs, and liver the stomach, pancreas, and duodenum the muscles, nerves, and lungs

the bones, intestines, and kidneys

The integumentary system consists of __________. the dermis and subcutaneous layers the epidermis and deep fascia the cutaneous membrane and associated structures the hypodermis and mesodermal layers

the cutaneous membrane and associated structures

Osteolysis is __________. the removal of bone matrix by osteoclasts the removal of cancellous bone by osteoblasts the lining of the bone marrow the addition of bone matrix by osteoclasts

the removal of bone matrix by osteoclasts

The removal of collagen fibers from bone would cause the bone __________. to become less brittle to become stronger to become less flexible to have a greater framework for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals

to become less flexible

Which of the following structures would be located in spongy bone? central canal periosteum perforating canal trabeculae

trabeculae

What is ground substance? a structure that attaches one cell to another a strong, flexible protein fiber a cell that contains histamine and heparin unstructured material that fills the spaces between cells and surrounds connective tissue fibers

unstructured material that fills the spaces between cells and surrounds connective tissue fibers

Which of the following vitamins is NOT important in bone growth and maintenance? vitamin B12 vitamin D3 vitamin B3 vitamin C

vitamin B3

Which of the following statements about endocrine and exocrine glands is FALSE? Endocrine glands release their product through a duct. Glands and their cells are classified as exocrine or endocrine on the basis of the final distribution of their secretions. Endocrine cells may be part of an epithelial surface or separated from such a surface. Exocrine glands secrete their products onto a body surface, directly into a cavity, or into a duct. Exocrine secretions may be released from the body.

Endocrine glands release their product through a duct.

Which of the following statements about neural tissue is FALSE? The cell body of a neuron is called the soma. A neuron has a single axon that carries information from the soma to other cells. The cells that carry information by electrical current are neurons. Neuroglia are also referred to as nerve fibers. Cytoplasmic extensions called dendrites carry information toward the soma of a neuron.

Neuroglia are also referred to as nerve fibers.

Which of the following statements about bone formation and resorption is INCORRECT? Once adults reach maturity, their bones no longer undergo the remodeling process. Exposure to the ions of a heavy metal such as uranium might lead to the deposition of those ions, instead of calcium, in the bone. The process of remodeling bones involves the removal of older mineral deposits at the same time that circulating minerals are being added to the matrix. In articulation areas, such as the head of the femur or humerus, bone remodeling happens more frequently than in the diaphyses of those bones. An imbalance of osteoclast and osteoblast activity, in which osteoclasts become more active than osteoblasts, leads to bones that are less able to resist physical stresses.

Once adults reach maturity, their bones no longer undergo the remodeling process.

Which of the following statements about cartilage formation is FALSE? Interstitial growth may occur as cells divide and produce new matrix within lacunae. Appositional growth occurs near the surface of cartilage, just under the perichondrium. Only mature chondrocytes produce the matrix of cartilage tissue. Dividing fibroblasts from the cellular layer of perichondrium differentiate into chondrocytes.

Only mature chondrocytes produce the matrix of cartilage tissue.

The frontal bone is an example of __________. an irregular bone a flat bone a short bone a long bone

a flat bone

A bone containing a spinous process has __________. a shallow depression a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves an elongated cleft a flat articular surface a pointed process

a pointed process

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system? absorption of nutrients protection maintenance of body temperature storage of nutrients

absorption of nutrients

What are the major steps in intramembranous ossification? swelling of chondrocytes, growth of blood vessels, and replacement of chondrocytes aggregation of mesenchymal cells, spicule formation, enclosure of blood vessels between spicules, and remodeling and formation of periosteum clot formation, internal callus formation, bone production, and remodeling

aggregation of mesenchymal cells, spicule formation, enclosure of blood vessels between spicules, and remodeling and formation of periosteum

Why are lines of cleavage clinically significant? Lines of cleavage promote wound healing. A cut parallel to a cleavage line will remain closed. Wounds heal more slowly if they run parallel to lines of cleavage. A cut at right angles to a line of cleavage will remain closed.

A cut parallel to a cleavage line will remain closed.

Which one of these statements about glandular secretions is correct? The unicellular goblet cells produce a serous secretion. Mixed endocrine glands contain several types of exocrine cells, producing two or more distinct kinds of serous secretions. A serous gland secretes a watery solution that usually contains enzymes. A mucous gland secretes a watery solution that usually contains few proteins.

A serous gland secretes a watery solution that usually contains enzymes.

Which of the following statements about bone markings is FALSE? A head is the expanded articular end of an epiphysis, at the end of a neck. A facet is a small, flat articular surface. A tubercle is a small, rounded projection. A tuberosity is a pointed process. A trochanter is a large, rough projection.

A tuberosity is a pointed process.

All but one of these statements about intercellular connections is correct. Which one is INCORRECT? In occluding or tight junctions, the lipid portions of adjacent cell membranes are tightly bound by interlocking membrane proteins. Cell adhesion molecules lock the base of an epithelial layer to the underlying basement membrane. Adjacent cell membranes can be bonded together with cement composed mainly of hyaluronic acid. Adjacent cells are held together by extensive folding of their membranes in the desmosome junction.

Adjacent cells are held together by extensive folding of their membranes in the desmosome junction.

Ultraviolet radiation __________. causes melanin production to accelerate is beneficial in small amounts can cause cumulative damage, leading to premature aging All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct

Cartilage is __________. surrounded by perichondrium avascular found at the end of long bones All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Inflammation produces __________. pain swelling redness All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Older people are more prone to skin injuries as a result of __________. decrease in the number of Langerhans cells the thinning of the epidermis reduction in melanocyte activity All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Osteoclasts __________. are derived from monocytes are multinucleate cells remove bone matrix All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

The color of skin is the result of __________. carotene melanin dermal blood supply All of the listed responses are correct

All of the listed responses are correct.

Vitamin C __________. is important in maintaining normal growth is required for collagen synthesis deficiency results in scurvy All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following is an effect of epidermal growth factor? stimulating secretion by epidermal glands accelerating the production of keratin in epidermal cells promoting the division of cells in the stratum germinativum All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following occurs when a bone is stressed? Mineral crystals generate electrical fields. The bone becomes thicker and stronger. Osteoblasts migrate to the area. All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following statements correctly describes gigantism? An excess of growth hormone is released after the epiphyseal lines have formed. Excess production of cartilage occurs at the epiphyseal cartilages. The anterior pituitary does not release growth hormone. An excess of growth hormone is released before the epiphyseal lines have formed.

An excess of growth hormone is released before the epiphyseal lines have formed.

Which of the following statements about nails is FALSE? Because nail tissue is dead, nails cannot indicate metabolic changes or diseases in the body. Another name for the eponychium is the cuticle. Nail production occurs at the nail root, located near the proximal end of the bone of the fingertip. The eponychium is a fold of stratum corneum over the exposed nail near the root.

Because nail tissue is dead, nails cannot indicate metabolic changes or diseases in the body.

Which of the following statements about skin injury and repair is FALSE? Calluses form when stem cells in skin divide more rapidly with mechanical stress. Because skin is just scraped rather than cut, an abrasion heals more quickly than an incision. Damage to skin stimulates mast cells to trigger an inflammatory reaction. Cells of the stratum germinativum divide rapidly and migrate to cover cut surfaces of injured skin.

Because skin is just scraped rather than cut, an abrasion heals more quickly than an incision.

Which of the following statements about connective tissues is FALSE? Capsules around kidneys and liver are composed of dense regular connective tissue. Collagenous tissues include dense regular connective tissue and dense irregular connective tissue. Mucous connective tissue is a loose connective tissue in the embryo, including the umbilical cord. Brown fat is a type of adipose tissue in infants and young children but not adults. The least specialized connective tissue is called loose connective tissue. Dense regular connective tissues include ligaments, tendons, and aponeuroses.

Capsules around kidneys and liver are composed of dense regular connective tissue.

Which of the following statements about skin glands is FALSE? Sebaceous glands and sebaceous follicles produce and release sebum, or body oil. Sebaceous glands release their secretions into a hair follicle. Mammary glands are anatomically related to apocrine sweat glands. Apocrine sweat glands are located in the armpits, around the nipples, and in the groin. Ceruminous glands are modified sebaceous glands in the ear canal, where they produce earwax.

Ceruminous glands are modified sebaceous glands in the ear canal, where they produce earwax.

Which of the following statements about hair is FALSE? Hair on the head continues to grow in a cycle that lasts 8 to 10 years before the hair is lost. When a hair follicle becomes inactive, its hair becomes a club hair. Although hair cells are dead, it is possible to stimulate the root hair plexus of sensory neurons by mechanical movement of the hair shaft. Hair normally grows at the rate of about a third of a millimeter a day.

Hair on the head continues to grow in a cycle that lasts 8 to 10 years before the hair is lost.

Which of the following statements about bone development is FALSE? In both intramembranous and endochondral ossification, chondrocytes die as calcification occurs. An ossification center develops in both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Both kinds of ossification produce spongy and compact bone in the final bone product. Intramembranous bones that develop in abnormal locations are called heterotopic or ectopic bones. Most bones of the body form by endochondral ossification.

In both intramembranous and endochondral ossification, chondrocytes die as calcification occurs

Which of the following statements about rickets is FALSE? Bones are poorly mineralized, leading to increased flexibility of the bone structures. Long bones, such as the femur, tend to bow laterally because they are unable to bear the weight of the torso and upper body. A deficiency of vitamin D3 causes rickets. Increasing the level of vitamin C in the diet is sufficient to treat rickets.

Increasing the level of vitamin C in the diet is sufficient to treat rickets.

What does it mean for a gland to be classified as "simple"? It has a duct that divides one or more times on its way to the gland cells. It has several secretory areas that share a duct. It has a single duct that does not divide on its way to the gland cells. The shape of the secretory portion of gland is shaped like a tube.

It has a single duct that does not divide on its way to the gland cells.

Which of the following statements about aging and tissue structure is FALSE? As one ages, bruising occurs more easily, and bones become brittle. Many of the tissue changes seen reflect hormonal alterations that occur as one ages. Maintenance activities throughout the body remain steady as one ages. As one ages, the speed and effectiveness of tissue repairs decrease.

Maintenance activities throughout the body remain steady as one ages.

Which of the following sensory cells are located in the epidermis? Merkel, or tactile, discs tactile corpuscles All of the listed responses are correct. lamellated corpuscles

Merkel, or tactile, discs

Which of the following statements about endochondral ossification is FALSE? A thin layer of hyaline cartilage remains at the caps of the bones to reduce friction at articulation points. During embryonic development, the growth of blood vessels into the perichondrium of the hyaline cartilage structures stimulates the formation of a layer of bone in the diaphyseal region. The production of sex hormones during puberty increases osteoblast activity at the epiphyseal plates, causing the osteoblasts to lay down bone at a faster rate than the hyaline cartilage can expand. Osteoclasts migrate into the epiphyseal regions of long bones to create medullary cavities in the ends of the bones.

Osteoclasts migrate into the epiphyseal regions of long bones to create medullary cavities in the ends of the bones.

Which of the following statements about hormones and their effects on bones is INCORRECT? Lack of calcitriol production in the kidneys could lead to a decrease in the amounts of calcium and phosphate ions absorbed in the digestive tract. Production of growth hormone stimulates osteoclast activity. Estrogen causes earlier epiphyseal line formation than does testosterone, leading to typically shorter heights for women than for men. Thyroxine and growth hormone together cause an increase in osteoblast activity, leading to the creation of more bone matrix. Calcitonin from the thyroid causes a decrease in calcium levels in body fluids and a decrease in osteoclast activity.

Production of growth hormone stimulates osteoclast activity

Which of the following is NOT associated with inflammation? Necrosis occurs. Increased blood flow occurs, making the injured tissue red and warm to the touch. Debris, fluid, and dead and dying cells accumulate. Scar tissue forms.

Scar tissue forms.

Which of the following statements about integumentary repair is FALSE? A scab restores the integrity of the epidermis and restricts invasion of the body by microorganisms. Granulation tissue is a combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary supply in healing skin. As fibroblasts move into damaged tissue, endothelial cells also move in and form new capillaries. Some adults form scar tissue called keloid that extends beyond the edges of the injury site. Skin repairs occur at the same pace throughout a person's life

Skin repairs occur at the same pace throughout a person's life.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle? Smooth muscle is under voluntary control. Actin and myosin are organized differently in smooth muscle than in skeletal muscle. It is located in the walls of blood vessels. Smooth muscle cells each have one nucleus

Smooth muscle is under voluntary control.

Which of the following statements about compact and spongy bone is FALSE? Osteons are arranged parallel to the long axis of the central canal, along lines of stress. Perforating canals are perpendicular to central canals in compact bone. Both types of bone contain collagen fibers as well as calcium salts in their matrix. Even bones that are mainly spongy bone tissue contain a surface layer of compact bone. Spongy bones are not covered by a periosteum.

Spongy bones are not covered by a periosteum.

Which of the following statements about the epidermis is FALSE? Cells located in the epidermis include keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, and melanocytes. Stratum lucidum is the feature of the thin skin. Granules of keratohyalin are manufactured in cells of the stratum granulosum. Epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium composed mainly of keratinocytes. The stratum corneum is water resistant but not waterproof, with insensible perspiration passing through it outside the sweat glands.

Stratum lucidum is the feature of the thin skin.

Which of the following statements about hair is FALSE? The hair papilla is a small peg of connective tissue at the base of a hair follicle containing capillaries and nerves. The root hair plexus is the tiny muscle associated with a hair follicle that causes "goose bumps." Hard keratin is found in the hair's cuticle and cortex, and soft keratin is found in the medulla. Hair color can be affected by inheritance, hormones, environment, and aging.

The root hair plexus is the tiny muscle associated with a hair follicle that causes "goose bumps."

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is true? They are highly vascular. They provide a great deal of mechanical protection. They are water resistant. They line internal compartments or passages

They line internal compartments or passages.

Which of the following statements about skin pigmentation is FALSE? Individuals with darker skin pigmentation are less likely to have skin cancer than those with lighter pigmentation under the same exposure to ultraviolet light. Melanosomes are passed from melanocytes to keratinocytes, producing pigment in the entire epidermis. Albino individuals have as many melanocytes as non-albinos, but they cannot produce melanin. Part of the pigmentation of skin is dependent on dermal blood supply. Ultraviolet light stimulates skin cancer formation only in melanocytes.

Ultraviolet light stimulates skin cancer formation only in melanocytes.

Which of the following statements about vitamin D is FALSE? Vitamin D3 is added to most dairy products in the United States. Vitamin D3 contributes to the absorption of calcium from the diet. Ultraviolet radiation produces vitamin D3 from steroids in the skin. Vitamin D3 controls the metabolic rate of the body.

Vitamin D3 controls the metabolic rate of the body.

Melanin is __________. produced in keratinocytes a brown-black pigment found in large amounts in albinos an orange-yellow pigment found in squash

a brown-black pigment

Which type of membrane lines the sealed, internal subdivisions of the ventral body cavity? serous membrane cutaneous membrane mucous membrane synovial membrane

serous membrane

Which of the following epithelial tissues would most likely be involved in secretion or absorption? stratified columnar simple cuboidal transitional epithelium

simple cuboidal

A chamber within a bone, usually filled with air, is called a __________. fossa sinus process facet

sinus

The skeletal system has a protective function in that __________. bones can be used as levers for delicate or gross movement bones provide a structural framework for the body bones serve as a production site for blood cells calcium and lipids can be stored in bone marrow soft tissues and organs such as the heart and lungs are surrounded by the ribs and sternum

soft tissues and organs such as the heart and lungs are surrounded by the ribs and sternum

Which of the following is NOT an effect of epidermal growth factor? accelerating production of keratin in differentiating epidermal cells stimulating rapid release of dead cells at the surface of the stratum corneum stimulating synthesis and secretion by epithelial glandular cells stimulating epidermal development and repair after injury promoting division of stem cells in the stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum

stimulating rapid release of dead cells at the surface of the stratum corneum

Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of epithelial tissues? produce specialized secretions store energy reserves for use when nutrient supplies are low control permeability of surfaces to anything that enters or leaves the body receive stimuli and provide the nervous system with information about the sensation provide physical protection

store energy reserves for use when nutrient supplies are low

Which type of epithelium is found where mechanical and chemical stresses are common? simple squamous stratified squamous pseudostratified columnar simple columnar

stratified squamous

Beginning at the basement membrane and working toward the free surface, the layers of the epidermis are __________. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum basale keratinocytes, Merkel cells, fibroblasts, and melanocytes stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum stratum basale, stratum corneum, keratohyalin, and keratinocytes

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

In which layer of the epidermis would you find melanocytes? stratum lucidum stratum corneum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum germinativum

stratum germinativum