Chapters 1-8 Final Study Guide (All of the other quizlets combine)
what is metabolism?
All of the chemical proceses that occur in the body
The formula H2O means
An atom contains two hydrogen molecule and one oxygen molecules
walking like a duck is an example of what movements
eversion
which of the following is not possible at the shoulder
eversion
An IMPORTANT characteristic of collagenous fibers is their
tensile strength
What determines the color of the skin
the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes
what is the function of an enzyme
the function of an enzyme is to speed up a reaction by decreasing the amount of enery needed to initiate a reaction
Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because
they lack direct blood supply
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface
they tend to die
where is a saddle join found
thumb base
Compact bone is characterized by ______________, whereas spongy bone is characterized ___________________--
tightly packed tissue that resuces the weight of the bone; cancellous bone that provides solid strong, tissue resistant to bending
in a synovial joint, the purpose of the cancellous bone beneath the articular cartilage is
to absorb shocks and help protect the joint
which of the following is an exampe of a gomphosis
tooth-alveolus
Lining of uninary bladder
transitional
A_______ section divides an organ into top and bottom.
transverse
Osteoarthritis is called degenerative joint disease and is the most common type of arthritis
true
Osteoblasts are responsible for bone disposition
true
a ligament connects bone to bone and also holds organs in place
true
a sprain includes damage to cartilage, ligaments, or tendonds associated with joints
true
an immovable degree of movement is called synarthrotic
true
classification of joints is by movement and type of tissue
true
factors that increase the risk of Osteoarthritis are Heredity, Overweight, Joint injury, and repeated overuse of certain joints
true
factors that increase the risk of Osteoarthritis are are lack of physical activity, nerve injury, and aging
true
for every one pound of weight lost there is a four pound reduction in the load exerted on the knee
true
gout is a joint disorder caused by genetics or triggered by diet (fatty meats and beer)
true
in 2008 an estimated 27 millionn Americans have Osteoarthritis
true
the inflammation of the bursa is called bursitis
true
the place where two or more bones meet is called a joint
true
the place where two or more bones meet is called an articulation
true
three functions of joints are bind parts of skeletal system together, functional junctions between bones, and permit skeletal change shape during childbirth
true
Acetabul
vinegar cup
If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a call is higher than the concentration inside
water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis
What is a mutation
when nucleotides are replaced with incorrect nucleotides
intra
within
carp
wrist
The following belong together except which one?
Arm
In which of the following regions are apocrine sweat glands most nurmerous
Axilla (armpit)
Bone function includes
Blood cell formation, inorganic salt storage, protection, support, & movement Letter B,C,D
What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Both involve the movement of water across semipermeable membrane
Which of the following best describe the two identical molecules of DNA that results from DNA replication
Both molecules are composed of 1 "new" strand of nucleotides and 1 "old" strand of nucleotides
which of the following chemical equations best describes cellular respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+ATP
Which of the following would most closely relate to an isotonic solution?
Diffusional Equilibrium
Which of the following is NOT an example of homeostatic mechanism?
Eat when hungry
Hol
Entire
A basement membrane occurs when
Epithelial and connective tissue
Which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is TRUE
Epithelial cells reproduce slowly
Bones have red, yellow & white marrow
False
The two types of bone development are intramembranous & mitochondrial ossification
False
Vitamin C defiency results rickets, osteomalacia
False
An example of a long bone is
Femur
An example of a sesamoid bone is
Femur
Seb
Grease
____________ is/are found everywhere on the body except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and lips, and primarily consist of dead, kerantized cells
Hair
The force that water exerts on a system is referred to as the_____.
Hydro-static pressure
Which of the following is FALSE regarding fingerprints
Identical twins have identical fingerprints
The symptoms of psoriasis are due to
Increased cell division in epidermis
The following will increase the rate of diffusion except which factor?
Increased molecular weight
Electrolytes are substances that
Ionize when dissolved in water
if an atom has 2 electrons in its second shell and its first shell is filled, it will tend to
Lose 2 electrons from its second shell
The_____ system returns tissue fluids to the heart/
Lymphatic
The chemical and physical changes or reactions that occur in the body are called
Metabolism
Anatomy is a term which means the study of____?
Morphology
A solution that contains equal #'s of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions would be called
Neutral
what are the building blocks of DNA
Nucleotides
The study dealing with the explanations of how an organ works would be an example of
Physiology
The ___________ membranes surround the lungs.
Pleural
Which of the following is required for the maintenance of life?
Pressure
Electrons
Produced during the first 2 stages of cellular repiration, used in 3rd stage
Respiratory passageways
Pseudostratisfied columnar
A section that separates the body into right and left portions would be a
Sagittal section
A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon-carbon bonds is to said to be
Saturated
Acne is a disorder involving the
Sebaceous glands
The following is an example of a homeostatic event.
Shivering when it is cold
The cells of the skin that reproduce are in the
Stratum basale (germinativum)
Which of the following shows the terms in the correct order (from microscopic to mactoscopic)?
Subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelle, cell , tissue , organ
Where is the thoracic cavity in relationship to the abdominopelvic cavity
Superior
the special joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula is calledb
Syndesmosis
Glycolysis
Takes place in the cytoplasm
Homeostasis is defined as
Tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment
What occurs if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
The cell will swell and may eventually burst
Those at highest risk for hypothermia are
The elderly
When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is TRUE?
The palms are facing forward
Epithelial tissue functions in
all of the above
Which of the following increases the risk of osteoporosis
all of the above
____ The tissue that forms the lining of the respiratory passages is
all of the above
Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the
alpha particles
The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane
amino acids
Dehydration synthesis is
an anabloic process that requires the removal of a water molecule
the joining together of amino acids to form a protein is an example of
an anabolic reaction
an ______ is a condition of abnormal stiffness or fusion of bones at a joint
ankylosis
soccer and footballs players, who often turn and change dirrections suddenly, are most likely to tear which knee ligament?
anterior cruciate ligament
The subcutaneous layer consists of
areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue
Tiny muscle attached to hair follicles that pull the hair upright and are stimulated during fright or cold are knownas
arrector pili
A covalent bond is characterized by
atoms sharing pairs of electrons
pivot
axis atlas
why must anabolism and catabolism be balanced in healthy individuals
cells and tissues of the body can be damaged or destroyed if the processes are not balanced
what process takes place inside the cell and is used to produce cellular energy
cellular respiration
what from of energy is used in cellular processes
chemical
biochemistry deals with
chemical changes that take place in organisms
drawing a big circle in the air with your finger with a straight arm is what movement
circumduction
the best movement that describes throwing a baseball is probably ______ of the arm.
circumduction
what is the function of cofactors and coenzymes
cofactors and coenzymes allow an enzyme to function
Elastic connective tissue is characterized by being _____ where as reticular connective tissue is characterized by
composed of elastic fibers and located in large airways; composed of collagenous fibers and supporting walls of the liver and spleen
the joint between the phalanges and metacarpals is a ________ joint
condyloid
saddle
connection of thumb and radius
A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it
consists of cells with much intercellular material between them
when one is standing erect, most of the joints are in the ______ position
extended
the movement when you kick something, bent knee straightening
extension
By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane
facilitated diffusion
Which of the following transport processes does not involve the expenditure of cellular energy?
facilitated diffusion
Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto immune disease with no known cure or treatment
false
The periosteum is part of the spongy bone
false
a slightly moveanle degree of movement is called diarthrotic
false
a tendon connects bone to bone
false
amphiarthrotic is a type of joint disease
false
elderly persons should restrict reugular exercise to limit wear and tear on increasingly fragile joints
false
men are more often affected by Osteoarthitis than women
false
the other three functions of joints are make bone growth possible, enable movement in response to skeletal muscle contraction, and allow for natural selection of joints,
false
what type of joint is the sagittal suture
fibrous
the ________ ligament attaches the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula
fibular collateral
hinge
elbow
closing the jaw is an example of _______ movement
elevation
if i shrug my shoulders the movement is called?
elevation
ATP
energy carrying molecule in a cell, main product of cellular respiration
the movement that decreases the angle between two bones is called _____
flexion
this movement is when you life one leg bending at your knee bringing your foot to your butt
flexion
Pyruvic acid
produced from breaking down glucose during glycolysis
pigeon toed would be an example of
pronation
the movement having a handful of sand and slowly dumping it out (palm up to palm down)
pronation
ball socket
shoulder
the rotator cuff is a special arrangement of tissues found in the
shoulder
which of the following is probably the easiest to dislocate
shoulder
Lining of intestines
simple columnar
Lining of kidney tubules
simple cuboidal
Air sacs of the lungs
simple squamous
The tissue through which gases are exhanged between the bloos and the air in the lungs is
simple squamous epithelium
The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is
skeletal
when standing in the anatomical position, the hands are considered to be in a ______ position
supine
the parietal and temporal bones are joined by a
suture
the two pubic bones are held together on the anterior surface by a _________ joint.
symphysis
what type of joint is between the bodies of the vertebrae
symphysis
which of the following joints are the most complex
synovial
the bursae resemble _________ in structure and are found around certain joints
synovial membrane
which of these is the correct formula for a base? 1)HCL 2)NAOH 3)H2SO4 4)H220
2)NAOH
An adult human body consists of about __________ cells
50-100 trillion
all enzymes end in suffix
-ase
Apoptosis
1) Occurs when all telomeres have broken off the chromosome in a cell. 2) Refers to programmed cell death
The cell membrane functions to
1) maintain the overall shape 2) control the entry and exit of various substances 3) provide a barrier to water-soluble substances (all of the above)
Which of the following is a factor that controls the rate of cell division?
1)Space availability 2)Cell size 3)Hormones (All of the above)
the atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 proteins, 8 neutron, and 8 electrons is
16
the first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of
2 electrons
Which of the following describes the structural arrangement of the cell membrane?
A bi-layer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded.
Which of the following describes a lysosome?
A tiny, membranous sac that contains powerful enzymes responsible for the destruction of worn cell parts and foreign material.
A decomposition can be symbolized by
Ab —-> A+ B
Which of the following is a CORRECT statement concerning skin color?
Accumulation of carotene in the adipose tissue of the hypodermis results in the skin appearing orange
Baldness can be caused by
All of the above
A mechanism functioning to maintain a stable internal enviormnet is most likely to involve
All of the above; Setpoint, receptors, and negative feed back
The _________ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction.
Centriole
Which of the following is a positive feedback mechanism?
Clotting
The PH scale measures the
Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding replication and protein synthesis
DNA must unwind for both processes to occur
Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of
Dense regular connectice tissue
Which of the following is not correcting the skin?
The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis
Which of the following is NOT an example of an organic substance
They are all proteins
The effects of exercise on bones are to ___________ and to _______ them
Thicken; strengthen
an example of an irregular bone is
Thoracic vertabrae
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption
True
Physical stress stimulates bone growth
True
The hunchback of notre dame had kyphosis
True
The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis
True
Vitamin A defiency restards bone developement
True
What parts consist of the appendicular skeleton?
Upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral girdle, & pelvic girdle
Skin cells play an important role in the production of
Vitamin D
Which of the following vitamins is need for the body to absorb calcium
Vitamin D
Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells
Water
what is a gene
a segment of DNA that codes for a protein
epi
above
which of the following joints displays the greatest range of motion allowable
acetabulum and femur
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are called ________
acids
the movement called_________ will move an appendage towards the midline of the body
adduction
you just got searched by the police and you can bring your legs together, what movement is that
adduction
what are the four nitrogenous
adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine
Collagen is a major component of
all of the above
Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands
all of the above
the hip is an example of a _____________ joint
ball and socket
the shoulder is an example of a _______________________ joint
ball and socket
inter
between
which of these joints is a gliding joint
between the carpals and tarsals
melan
black
When the smooth muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels contract (constrict)
body heat is conserved
osteoblasts are _______________, whereas osteoclasts are ____________
bone forming cells; bone-destroying cells
Pressure ulcers are usually associated with skin overlying
bony projections
Which of the following is nt one of the four basic types of body tissues
brain tissue
-clast
break
-blast
bud, a growing organism in early stages
the condition called ______ involves inflammation of a fluid filled sac outside of a joint
bursitis
Carbon dioxide
byrpoduct of cellular respiration that is released by humans into the atmosphere
which of the following substances comprise over 95% of the human body?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
gliding
carpals tarsals
the ligaments that form a cross at the knee are called _____
cruciate
Shafts of hair are composed of
dead epidermal cells
the reaction NACL -> NA++CL-, as written represents what type of reaction?
decomposition reaction
if i let my shoulders droop is what kinds of movement
depression
epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the
dermis
Electron transport chain
described as a "waterfall", produces 34 molecules of ATP
The atoms of two kinds of elements are likely to have
different sizes and different weights
if a person bent their foot at the ankle upward toward the shin, ut would be an example of _________
dorsiflexion
standing onn my heels is an example of what movements
dorsiflexion
Fibrous membranes are called
fontanels
the inferior hole is the skull is
foramen magnun
The subcutaneous layer can be described as
functioning as a heat insulator or helping to conserve body heat
Lining of ducts of mammary glands
glandular
An example of a short bone is
hamate
what parts consist of the axial skeleton
head, neck & trunk
Blood cell formation is
hematopoiesis
the elbow and phalanges contain_________ joints
hinge
Glands that release an entire cell during secretion are
holocrine glands
herat
horn
the term, which means the presence of fluid in a joint, is
hydrarthrosis
bending the head to observe an airplane will probably cause _______ of the neck
hyperextension
the movement displayed when someone says, "Halt" and shows you their palm fingers pointing up?
hyperextension
In what phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes duplicate?
interphase
this movement is pulling your face to the posterior when scared or frightened
inversion
the isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is
iodine-141
Which of the following substances is an element
iron
what happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron?
it becomes a postive ion
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nervous tissue
its intercellular space is filled wth collagen
where in the body would it be possible to find a joint called a symphysis
joint formed by two vertebrae and their interval disc
Menisci are extra oueces of fibrocartilage that provide an extra cushion within the __________ joint
knee
condyl
knob
The ears are_______to the eyes?
lateral
the strongest and most inflexible part of a synovial is the
ligament
The two most prevalent components of the cell membrane are
lipids and proteins
another term for dislocation of a joint is
luxation
amino acids in a protein are arranged in the correct sequence because of the order of condons on the
mRNA
Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA
mRNA carries information for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome
Which connective tissue cell type can be fixed or unfixed and can carry on phagocytosis
macrophages
The only movable bone of the face and skull is
mandible
The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosomes number is _______
meiosis
Exposure to uv light caused the skin to darken by stimulating the production of
melanin
some synovial joints, such as the knee, contain interior pads of fibrocartilage, called _______________ that help to stablize the joint
menisci
What is Mr. Dowling's favorite organelle?
mitochondria
poie
mkae; produce
An enzymes ability to recognize the substrate upon which it will act seems to be based on
molecular shape or conformation
Glucose
molecules being broken down during cellular respiration (to release energy)
what is the main factor that holds the arm to the trunk
muscles and tendons
The hyoid bone is located in the
neck
Oxygen
needed in order for cellular respiration to take places, found in the atmosphere
An atom is electrically neutral because of
negative electrons and positive protons are equal
the atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
neutrons
Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the
none of the above
The three major parts of the cell are
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
An example of a flat bone is
occipital
Water
one of the two byrpoducts of cellular respiration
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes
oxygen
Which of the following is not an example of an organic substance
oxygen
meat
passage
Apoptosis plays a role in which cancer preventing skin condition
peeling as a result of sunburn
The ability of leaukocytes to engulf bacteria is due to the process of
phagocytosis
condyloid
phalanges
Fov
pit
which type of joint occurs at the radial notch of ulna and the head of the radius
pivot
a ballerina exhibits what movement when walking on her toes
plantar flexion
standing on one's toes is an example of ______ of the foot
plantar flexion
the term ________ is used to describe the extra synovial-type membrane outside the knee joint
prepatellar bursa
moving the shoulder forward in a straight plane direction is an example of __________
protraction
whe you push your face out, trying to bring your earas in front of your sterbum what movement are you doing
protraction
what is the role of melanin in the skin
provide color
The type of epithelium that lines the uninary bladder and of the urinary passageways is
pseudostratisfied
The primary process by which the body loses heat is
radiation
Once a cancer cell has metastasized, it has
reached the circulation and spread to the rest of the body
The functions of the skin include
regulating body temperature
Unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain
relatively few hydrogen atoms
Cutaneous melanomas seem most commonly caused by
relatively short exposure to high intensisty sunlight
Eccrine sweat glands
respond primarily to elevated body temperature
Gray hair can be described as
resulting from some hairs containing pigment while other hairs lack pigment
the movement when your feet are together lifting one leg laterally spreading your leg is
retraction
the condition of __________ is an autoimmune disease that causes the formation of a joint pannus
rheumatoid arthritis
A person has alkalosis if their blood ph
rises above 7.4
turning a doorknob is an example of
rotation
turning the head on a central axis plane is an example of __________
rotation
when you use a screwdriver what movement are you doing
rotation
which of the following is the type of joint located between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb
saddle
The ____________ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function
shape
Cut
skin
Derm
skin
Folic
small bag
The nail can be described as
specialized epithelial cells
which of the following has the greatest range of motion
spheroidal
Salivary glands
stratified cuboidal
Ductus deferens
stratisfied columna
Outer layer of skin
stratisfied squamous
___________ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule
structural
the movement when you roll my hand to palm up to accept the body of Christ
supination
