Chapters 1-8 Final Study Guide (All of the other quizlets combine)

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what is metabolism?

All of the chemical proceses that occur in the body

The formula H2O means

An atom contains two hydrogen molecule and one oxygen molecules

walking like a duck is an example of what movements

eversion

which of the following is not possible at the shoulder

eversion

An IMPORTANT characteristic of collagenous fibers is their

tensile strength

What determines the color of the skin

the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes

what is the function of an enzyme

the function of an enzyme is to speed up a reaction by decreasing the amount of enery needed to initiate a reaction

Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because

they lack direct blood supply

As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface

they tend to die

where is a saddle join found

thumb base

Compact bone is characterized by ______________, whereas spongy bone is characterized ___________________--

tightly packed tissue that resuces the weight of the bone; cancellous bone that provides solid strong, tissue resistant to bending

in a synovial joint, the purpose of the cancellous bone beneath the articular cartilage is

to absorb shocks and help protect the joint

which of the following is an exampe of a gomphosis

tooth-alveolus

Lining of uninary bladder

transitional

A_______ section divides an organ into top and bottom.

transverse

Osteoarthritis is called degenerative joint disease and is the most common type of arthritis

true

Osteoblasts are responsible for bone disposition

true

a ligament connects bone to bone and also holds organs in place

true

a sprain includes damage to cartilage, ligaments, or tendonds associated with joints

true

an immovable degree of movement is called synarthrotic

true

classification of joints is by movement and type of tissue

true

factors that increase the risk of Osteoarthritis are Heredity, Overweight, Joint injury, and repeated overuse of certain joints

true

factors that increase the risk of Osteoarthritis are are lack of physical activity, nerve injury, and aging

true

for every one pound of weight lost there is a four pound reduction in the load exerted on the knee

true

gout is a joint disorder caused by genetics or triggered by diet (fatty meats and beer)

true

in 2008 an estimated 27 millionn Americans have Osteoarthritis

true

the inflammation of the bursa is called bursitis

true

the place where two or more bones meet is called a joint

true

the place where two or more bones meet is called an articulation

true

three functions of joints are bind parts of skeletal system together, functional junctions between bones, and permit skeletal change shape during childbirth

true

Acetabul

vinegar cup

If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a call is higher than the concentration inside

water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis

What is a mutation

when nucleotides are replaced with incorrect nucleotides

intra

within

carp

wrist

The following belong together except which one?

Arm

In which of the following regions are apocrine sweat glands most nurmerous

Axilla (armpit)

Bone function includes

Blood cell formation, inorganic salt storage, protection, support, & movement Letter B,C,D

What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Both involve the movement of water across semipermeable membrane

Which of the following best describe the two identical molecules of DNA that results from DNA replication

Both molecules are composed of 1 "new" strand of nucleotides and 1 "old" strand of nucleotides

which of the following chemical equations best describes cellular respiration?

C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+ATP

Which of the following would most closely relate to an isotonic solution?

Diffusional Equilibrium

Which of the following is NOT an example of homeostatic mechanism?

Eat when hungry

Hol

Entire

A basement membrane occurs when

Epithelial and connective tissue

Which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is TRUE

Epithelial cells reproduce slowly

Bones have red, yellow & white marrow

False

The two types of bone development are intramembranous & mitochondrial ossification

False

Vitamin C defiency results rickets, osteomalacia

False

An example of a long bone is

Femur

An example of a sesamoid bone is

Femur

Seb

Grease

____________ is/are found everywhere on the body except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and lips, and primarily consist of dead, kerantized cells

Hair

The force that water exerts on a system is referred to as the_____.

Hydro-static pressure

Which of the following is FALSE regarding fingerprints

Identical twins have identical fingerprints

The symptoms of psoriasis are due to

Increased cell division in epidermis

The following will increase the rate of diffusion except which factor?

Increased molecular weight

Electrolytes are substances that

Ionize when dissolved in water

if an atom has 2 electrons in its second shell and its first shell is filled, it will tend to

Lose 2 electrons from its second shell

The_____ system returns tissue fluids to the heart/

Lymphatic

The chemical and physical changes or reactions that occur in the body are called

Metabolism

Anatomy is a term which means the study of____?

Morphology

A solution that contains equal #'s of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions would be called

Neutral

what are the building blocks of DNA

Nucleotides

The study dealing with the explanations of how an organ works would be an example of

Physiology

The ___________ membranes surround the lungs.

Pleural

Which of the following is required for the maintenance of life?

Pressure

Electrons

Produced during the first 2 stages of cellular repiration, used in 3rd stage

Respiratory passageways

Pseudostratisfied columnar

A section that separates the body into right and left portions would be a

Sagittal section

A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon-carbon bonds is to said to be

Saturated

Acne is a disorder involving the

Sebaceous glands

The following is an example of a homeostatic event.

Shivering when it is cold

The cells of the skin that reproduce are in the

Stratum basale (germinativum)

Which of the following shows the terms in the correct order (from microscopic to mactoscopic)?

Subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, organelle, cell , tissue , organ

Where is the thoracic cavity in relationship to the abdominopelvic cavity

Superior

the special joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula is calledb

Syndesmosis

Glycolysis

Takes place in the cytoplasm

Homeostasis is defined as

Tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment

What occurs if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

The cell will swell and may eventually burst

Those at highest risk for hypothermia are

The elderly

When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is TRUE?

The palms are facing forward

Epithelial tissue functions in

all of the above

Which of the following increases the risk of osteoporosis

all of the above

____ The tissue that forms the lining of the respiratory passages is

all of the above

Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the

alpha particles

The following molecules freely pass through a cell membrane

amino acids

Dehydration synthesis is

an anabloic process that requires the removal of a water molecule

the joining together of amino acids to form a protein is an example of

an anabolic reaction

an ______ is a condition of abnormal stiffness or fusion of bones at a joint

ankylosis

soccer and footballs players, who often turn and change dirrections suddenly, are most likely to tear which knee ligament?

anterior cruciate ligament

The subcutaneous layer consists of

areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue

Tiny muscle attached to hair follicles that pull the hair upright and are stimulated during fright or cold are knownas

arrector pili

A covalent bond is characterized by

atoms sharing pairs of electrons

pivot

axis atlas

why must anabolism and catabolism be balanced in healthy individuals

cells and tissues of the body can be damaged or destroyed if the processes are not balanced

what process takes place inside the cell and is used to produce cellular energy

cellular respiration

what from of energy is used in cellular processes

chemical

biochemistry deals with

chemical changes that take place in organisms

drawing a big circle in the air with your finger with a straight arm is what movement

circumduction

the best movement that describes throwing a baseball is probably ______ of the arm.

circumduction

what is the function of cofactors and coenzymes

cofactors and coenzymes allow an enzyme to function

Elastic connective tissue is characterized by being _____ where as reticular connective tissue is characterized by

composed of elastic fibers and located in large airways; composed of collagenous fibers and supporting walls of the liver and spleen

the joint between the phalanges and metacarpals is a ________ joint

condyloid

saddle

connection of thumb and radius

A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it

consists of cells with much intercellular material between them

when one is standing erect, most of the joints are in the ______ position

extended

the movement when you kick something, bent knee straightening

extension

By which process does a glucose molecule move through a cell membrane

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following transport processes does not involve the expenditure of cellular energy?

facilitated diffusion

Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto immune disease with no known cure or treatment

false

The periosteum is part of the spongy bone

false

a slightly moveanle degree of movement is called diarthrotic

false

a tendon connects bone to bone

false

amphiarthrotic is a type of joint disease

false

elderly persons should restrict reugular exercise to limit wear and tear on increasingly fragile joints

false

men are more often affected by Osteoarthitis than women

false

the other three functions of joints are make bone growth possible, enable movement in response to skeletal muscle contraction, and allow for natural selection of joints,

false

what type of joint is the sagittal suture

fibrous

the ________ ligament attaches the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula

fibular collateral

hinge

elbow

closing the jaw is an example of _______ movement

elevation

if i shrug my shoulders the movement is called?

elevation

ATP

energy carrying molecule in a cell, main product of cellular respiration

the movement that decreases the angle between two bones is called _____

flexion

this movement is when you life one leg bending at your knee bringing your foot to your butt

flexion

Pyruvic acid

produced from breaking down glucose during glycolysis

pigeon toed would be an example of

pronation

the movement having a handful of sand and slowly dumping it out (palm up to palm down)

pronation

ball socket

shoulder

the rotator cuff is a special arrangement of tissues found in the

shoulder

which of the following is probably the easiest to dislocate

shoulder

Lining of intestines

simple columnar

Lining of kidney tubules

simple cuboidal

Air sacs of the lungs

simple squamous

The tissue through which gases are exhanged between the bloos and the air in the lungs is

simple squamous epithelium

The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is

skeletal

when standing in the anatomical position, the hands are considered to be in a ______ position

supine

the parietal and temporal bones are joined by a

suture

the two pubic bones are held together on the anterior surface by a _________ joint.

symphysis

what type of joint is between the bodies of the vertebrae

symphysis

which of the following joints are the most complex

synovial

the bursae resemble _________ in structure and are found around certain joints

synovial membrane

which of these is the correct formula for a base? 1)HCL 2)NAOH 3)H2SO4 4)H220

2)NAOH

An adult human body consists of about __________ cells

50-100 trillion

all enzymes end in suffix

-ase

Apoptosis

1) Occurs when all telomeres have broken off the chromosome in a cell. 2) Refers to programmed cell death

The cell membrane functions to

1) maintain the overall shape 2) control the entry and exit of various substances 3) provide a barrier to water-soluble substances (all of the above)

Which of the following is a factor that controls the rate of cell division?

1)Space availability 2)Cell size 3)Hormones (All of the above)

the atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 proteins, 8 neutron, and 8 electrons is

16

the first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of

2 electrons

Which of the following describes the structural arrangement of the cell membrane?

A bi-layer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded.

Which of the following describes a lysosome?

A tiny, membranous sac that contains powerful enzymes responsible for the destruction of worn cell parts and foreign material.

A decomposition can be symbolized by

Ab —-> A+ B

Which of the following is a CORRECT statement concerning skin color?

Accumulation of carotene in the adipose tissue of the hypodermis results in the skin appearing orange

Baldness can be caused by

All of the above

A mechanism functioning to maintain a stable internal enviormnet is most likely to involve

All of the above; Setpoint, receptors, and negative feed back

The _________ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction.

Centriole

Which of the following is a positive feedback mechanism?

Clotting

The PH scale measures the

Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding replication and protein synthesis

DNA must unwind for both processes to occur

Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of

Dense regular connectice tissue

Which of the following is not correcting the skin?

The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis

Which of the following is NOT an example of an organic substance

They are all proteins

The effects of exercise on bones are to ___________ and to _______ them

Thicken; strengthen

an example of an irregular bone is

Thoracic vertabrae

Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption

True

Physical stress stimulates bone growth

True

The hunchback of notre dame had kyphosis

True

The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis

True

Vitamin A defiency restards bone developement

True

What parts consist of the appendicular skeleton?

Upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral girdle, & pelvic girdle

Skin cells play an important role in the production of

Vitamin D

Which of the following vitamins is need for the body to absorb calcium

Vitamin D

Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells

Water

what is a gene

a segment of DNA that codes for a protein

epi

above

which of the following joints displays the greatest range of motion allowable

acetabulum and femur

Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are called ________

acids

the movement called_________ will move an appendage towards the midline of the body

adduction

you just got searched by the police and you can bring your legs together, what movement is that

adduction

what are the four nitrogenous

adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine

Collagen is a major component of

all of the above

Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands

all of the above

the hip is an example of a _____________ joint

ball and socket

the shoulder is an example of a _______________________ joint

ball and socket

inter

between

which of these joints is a gliding joint

between the carpals and tarsals

melan

black

When the smooth muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels contract (constrict)

body heat is conserved

osteoblasts are _______________, whereas osteoclasts are ____________

bone forming cells; bone-destroying cells

Pressure ulcers are usually associated with skin overlying

bony projections

Which of the following is nt one of the four basic types of body tissues

brain tissue

-clast

break

-blast

bud, a growing organism in early stages

the condition called ______ involves inflammation of a fluid filled sac outside of a joint

bursitis

Carbon dioxide

byrpoduct of cellular respiration that is released by humans into the atmosphere

which of the following substances comprise over 95% of the human body?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

gliding

carpals tarsals

the ligaments that form a cross at the knee are called _____

cruciate

Shafts of hair are composed of

dead epidermal cells

the reaction NACL -> NA++CL-, as written represents what type of reaction?

decomposition reaction

if i let my shoulders droop is what kinds of movement

depression

epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the

dermis

Electron transport chain

described as a "waterfall", produces 34 molecules of ATP

The atoms of two kinds of elements are likely to have

different sizes and different weights

if a person bent their foot at the ankle upward toward the shin, ut would be an example of _________

dorsiflexion

standing onn my heels is an example of what movements

dorsiflexion

Fibrous membranes are called

fontanels

the inferior hole is the skull is

foramen magnun

The subcutaneous layer can be described as

functioning as a heat insulator or helping to conserve body heat

Lining of ducts of mammary glands

glandular

An example of a short bone is

hamate

what parts consist of the axial skeleton

head, neck & trunk

Blood cell formation is

hematopoiesis

the elbow and phalanges contain_________ joints

hinge

Glands that release an entire cell during secretion are

holocrine glands

herat

horn

the term, which means the presence of fluid in a joint, is

hydrarthrosis

bending the head to observe an airplane will probably cause _______ of the neck

hyperextension

the movement displayed when someone says, "Halt" and shows you their palm fingers pointing up?

hyperextension

In what phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes duplicate?

interphase

this movement is pulling your face to the posterior when scared or frightened

inversion

the isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is

iodine-141

Which of the following substances is an element

iron

what happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron?

it becomes a postive ion

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nervous tissue

its intercellular space is filled wth collagen

where in the body would it be possible to find a joint called a symphysis

joint formed by two vertebrae and their interval disc

Menisci are extra oueces of fibrocartilage that provide an extra cushion within the __________ joint

knee

condyl

knob

The ears are_______to the eyes?

lateral

the strongest and most inflexible part of a synovial is the

ligament

The two most prevalent components of the cell membrane are

lipids and proteins

another term for dislocation of a joint is

luxation

amino acids in a protein are arranged in the correct sequence because of the order of condons on the

mRNA

Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA

mRNA carries information for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome

Which connective tissue cell type can be fixed or unfixed and can carry on phagocytosis

macrophages

The only movable bone of the face and skull is

mandible

The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosomes number is _______

meiosis

Exposure to uv light caused the skin to darken by stimulating the production of

melanin

some synovial joints, such as the knee, contain interior pads of fibrocartilage, called _______________ that help to stablize the joint

menisci

What is Mr. Dowling's favorite organelle?

mitochondria

poie

mkae; produce

An enzymes ability to recognize the substrate upon which it will act seems to be based on

molecular shape or conformation

Glucose

molecules being broken down during cellular respiration (to release energy)

what is the main factor that holds the arm to the trunk

muscles and tendons

The hyoid bone is located in the

neck

Oxygen

needed in order for cellular respiration to take places, found in the atmosphere

An atom is electrically neutral because of

negative electrons and positive protons are equal

the atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

neutrons

Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the

none of the above

The three major parts of the cell are

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane

An example of a flat bone is

occipital

Water

one of the two byrpoducts of cellular respiration

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes

oxygen

Which of the following is not an example of an organic substance

oxygen

meat

passage

Apoptosis plays a role in which cancer preventing skin condition

peeling as a result of sunburn

The ability of leaukocytes to engulf bacteria is due to the process of

phagocytosis

condyloid

phalanges

Fov

pit

which type of joint occurs at the radial notch of ulna and the head of the radius

pivot

a ballerina exhibits what movement when walking on her toes

plantar flexion

standing on one's toes is an example of ______ of the foot

plantar flexion

the term ________ is used to describe the extra synovial-type membrane outside the knee joint

prepatellar bursa

moving the shoulder forward in a straight plane direction is an example of __________

protraction

whe you push your face out, trying to bring your earas in front of your sterbum what movement are you doing

protraction

what is the role of melanin in the skin

provide color

The type of epithelium that lines the uninary bladder and of the urinary passageways is

pseudostratisfied

The primary process by which the body loses heat is

radiation

Once a cancer cell has metastasized, it has

reached the circulation and spread to the rest of the body

The functions of the skin include

regulating body temperature

Unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain

relatively few hydrogen atoms

Cutaneous melanomas seem most commonly caused by

relatively short exposure to high intensisty sunlight

Eccrine sweat glands

respond primarily to elevated body temperature

Gray hair can be described as

resulting from some hairs containing pigment while other hairs lack pigment

the movement when your feet are together lifting one leg laterally spreading your leg is

retraction

the condition of __________ is an autoimmune disease that causes the formation of a joint pannus

rheumatoid arthritis

A person has alkalosis if their blood ph

rises above 7.4

turning a doorknob is an example of

rotation

turning the head on a central axis plane is an example of __________

rotation

when you use a screwdriver what movement are you doing

rotation

which of the following is the type of joint located between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb

saddle

The ____________ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining its function

shape

Cut

skin

Derm

skin

Folic

small bag

The nail can be described as

specialized epithelial cells

which of the following has the greatest range of motion

spheroidal

Salivary glands

stratified cuboidal

Ductus deferens

stratisfied columna

Outer layer of skin

stratisfied squamous

___________ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule

structural

the movement when you roll my hand to palm up to accept the body of Christ

supination


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