Chapters 11/12

86) A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a(n) A) ECG. B) MRI. C) coronary ischemia. D) digital subtraction angiography. E) angioplasm.

A) ECG.

82) The pacemaker of the heart is normally the A) SA node. B) AV node. C) AV bundle. D) Purkinje fibers.

A) SA node.

69) When referring to Figure 12.1, this view would be described as a(n) ________ view of the heart. A) anterior B) posterior C) medial D) lateral

A) anterior

43) The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are A) arteries. B) veins. C) capillaries. D) pulmonary. E) systemic.

A) arteries.

47) A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is A) arteriosclerosis. B) balloon angioplasty. C) vasomotion. D) collateral damage.

A) arteriosclerosis

84) Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called A) atrial systole. B) atrial diastole. C) ventricular systole. D) ventricular diastole.

A) atrial systole.

80) The first "lubb" heart sound is associated with A) atrioventricular valves closing. B) atrioventricular valves opening. C) semilunar valves closing. D) semilunar valves opening.

A) atrioventricular valves closing.

79) A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is A) balloon angioplasty and stent placement. B) pharmaceutical plaque removal. C) angiography. D) MRI. E) bioprosthetic valve replacement.

A) balloon angioplasty and stent placement.

92) The pressure needed to force blood through all of the peripheral capillaries is A) capillary hydrostatic pressure. B) aortic flow. C) stroke volume. D) venous return. E) capillary exchange.

A) capillary hydrostatic pressure.

2) Blood is a type of ________ tissue. A) connective B) epithelial C) muscular D) nervous

A) connective

31) A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes a(n) A) embolus. B) embolism. C) infarction. D) thrombus. E) thrombolus.

A) embolus.

14) The abundant protein component of red blood cells is A) hemoglobin. B) hematocrit. C) fibrinogen. D) albumin. E) globulin.

A) hemoglobin.

93) As vessels become smaller, peripheral resistance A) increases. B) decreases. C) stays unchanged.

A) increases.

22) Red blood cells travelling through veins A) lack oxygen and are burgundy. B) lack oxygen and are bright red. C) are oxygenated and are burgundy. D) are oxygenated and are bright red.

A) lack oxygen and are burgundy.

33) A common location for venipuncture is the A) median cubital vein. B) aorta. C) vena cava. D) carotid artery. E) jugular vein.

A) median cubital vein.

26) The white blood cell that phagocytoses injured and infected tissue is the A) neutrophil. B) eosinophil. C) basophil. D) monocyte. E) lymphocyte.

A) neutrophil.

77) When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________. A) open, closed B) open, open C) closed, closed D) closed, open

A) open, closed

53) The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) arteriole C) systemic D) venous E) hepatic

A) pulmonary

54) The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) arteriole C) systemic D) venous E) hepatic

A) pulmonary

41) The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs comprise the A) pulmonary circuit. B) systemic circuit. C) arteries. D) capillary bed. E) afferent circuit.

A) pulmonary circuit.

72) The vessel labeled "A" is the A) pulmonary veins. B) pulmonary arteries. C) aorta. D) superior vena cava. E) coronary artery.

A) pulmonary veins.

24) Problems do NOT develop for Rh-negative mothers during their first pregnancy with an Rh-positive child because A) sensitization has not occurred. B) Rh incompatibility is only an issue with Rh-positive mothers. C) Rh incompatibility is only an issue with Rh-negative fetuses. D) Rh incompatibility is only an issue with Rh-positive fetuses.

A) sensitization has not occurred.

58) The bone lying anterior to the heart is the A) sternum. B) clavicle. C) scapula. D) os coxa. E) humerus.

A) sternum.

65) The right atrium receives blood from the A) superior and inferior vena cava. B) right and left pulmonary veins. C) right and left pulmonary arteries. D) aortic arch.

A) superior and inferior vena cava

34) Individuals with sickle cell anemia have inherited A) two copies of the sickling gene. B) one copy of the sickling gene. C) an inability to bind iron. D) a complete inability to produce hemoglobin. E) no copies of the sickling gene.

A) two copies of the sickling gene.

28) Local contraction of smooth muscle in response to damage is called A) vascular spasm. B) coagulation. C) embolus. D) thrombus. E) platelet plug.

A) vascular spasm.

91) The amount of blood arriving at the right ventricle each minute is A) venous return. B) venous pressure. C) cardiac output. D) peripheral resistance. E) capillary exchange.

A) venous return.

9) The typical adult female hematocrit is ________ percent. A) 30 B) 42 C) 75 D) 99 E) 4

B) 42

85) If the normal pacemaker of the heart fails, the job will be taken over by the A) SA node. B) AV node. C) AV bundle. D) Purkinje fibers.

B) AV node.

39) The tissue damage characteristic of malaria is caused by A) Plasmodium entering and rupturing all tissue cells. B) damaged red blood cells blocking circulation to vital organs. C) sickled red blood cells. D) anemia. E) infected liver cells that enter the blood stream.

B) damaged red blood cells blocking circulation to vital organs.

76) The right atrium receives A) oxygenated blood from the vena cava. B) deoxygenated blood from the vena cava. C) oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein. D) deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein. E) oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery.

B) deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.

57) The veins of the systemic circuit carry A) oxygenated blood to the heart. B) deoxygenated blood to the heart. C) oxygenated blood from the heart. D) deoxygenated blood from the heart.

B) deoxygenated blood to the heart.

74) The embryonic remains of the connection between atria is the A) foramen ovale. B) fossa ovalis. C) atrioventricular valve. D) interatrial septum. E) interventricular septum.

B) fossa ovalis.

37) A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is A) sickle cell anemia. B) hemophilia. C) malaria. D) septicemia. E) embolus.

B) hemophilia.

12) Adult males typically have ________ packed cell volumes than females because they have more ________. A) higher, estrogen B) higher, androgens C) lower, estrogen D) lower, androgens

B) higher, androgens

29) Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called A) vascular spasm. B) infarction. C) embolus. D) thrombus. E) platelet plug.

B) infarction.

73) Vessel "A" carries blood from the A) heart to the lungs. B) lungs to the heart. C) heart to the lower trunk. D) lower trunk to the heart.

B) lungs to the heart.

45) The blood vessels that deliver blood directly to the skeletal muscles and internal organs are A) elastic arteries. B) muscular arteries. C) arterioles. D) venules. E) large veins.

B) muscular arteries.

60) The thickest layer of the heart is the A) endocardium. B) myocardium. C) epicardium. D) parietal pericardium. E) visceral pericardium.

B) myocardium.

27) Platelets circulate for A) nine to twelve hours. B) nine to twelve days. C) nine to twelve weeks. D) nine to twelve months. E) a lifetime.

B) nine to twelve days.

62) The fluid lubricating the opposing surfaces of membrane in the pericardial cavity is called A) visceral fluid. B) pericardial fluid. C) mucous. D) cerumen. E) saline.

B) pericardial fluid.

1) Which of the following is a role of capillaries? A) maintain blood pressure B) permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids C) house phagocytic white blood cells D) site of hematopoiesis

B) permit diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids

7) The most abundant formed elements are A) platelets. B) red blood cells. C) white blood cells. D) plasma proteins. E) inorganic molecules.

B) red blood cells.

13) Blood is able to raise body temperature by A) redistributing heat from body surface to internal core. B) redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to temperature sensitive organs. C) redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to skin surface. D) raising blood pressure. E) lowering blood pressure.

B) redistribute heat from skeletal muscles to temperature sensitive organs.

32) Platelets trigger coagulation by A) producing fibrin. B) releasing clotting factors. C) attacking the endothelium. D) activating surface fibers. E) activating collagen.

B) releasing clotting factors.

66) Which of the following structures is NOT contained in the mediastinum? A) thymus B) thyroid C) trachea D) esophagus E) heart

B) thyroid

75) The right atrioventricular valve is the A) bicuspid. B) tricuspid. C) aortic semilunar valve. D) pulmonary semilunar valve.

B) tricuspid.

16) A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains ________ red blood cells. A) 2 million B) 26 million C) 260 million D) 2 billion E) 26 billion

C) 260 Million

3) Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems. A) 2-3 B) 4-5 C) 5-6 D) 10 E) 1-2

C) 5 - 6

78) A typical bioprosthetic valve will provide service for approximately A) one year. B) five years. C) ten years. D) twenty years. E) a full lifetime.

C) Ten years

67) The structure labeled "A" is the A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) aortic arch. D) pulmonary trunk. E) pulmonary veins.

C) aortic arch

81) When the cardiac cycle begins, the A) atrioventricular and semilunar valves are both open. B) atrioventricular and semilunar valves are both closed. C) atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed. D) atrioventricular valve is closed and the semilunar valves are open.

C) atrioventricular valve is open and the semilunar valves are closed.

63) Expandable extensions of the atrium are called A) ventricles. B) sulci. C) auricles. D) ligamentum arteriosum. E) superatria.

C) auricles.

42) The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are A) arteries. B) veins. C) capillaries. D) pulmonary. E) systemic.

C) capillaries.

30) The final step in the coagulation phase is A) activation of Factor X. B) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. C) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. D) platelet plug formation. E) chemotaxis of clotting factors.

C) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

70) The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the A) aortic arch. B) ascending aorta. C) coronary arteries. D) vena cava. E) coronary sinus.

C) coronary arteries.

6) The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called A) albumin. B) globulin. C) fibrinogen. D) electrolyte. E) salt.

C) fibrinogen

19) Oxyhemoglobin consists of A) two hemes and an oxygen molecule. B) two oxygen molecule and a heme. C) four oxygen molecules and four hemes. D) two oxygen molecules and two hemes. E) two hemes and four oxygen molecules.

C) four oxygen molecules and four hemes.

83) The best description of the heart is that it is A) a single pump. B) two alternating pumps. C) four paired pumps. D) six paired pumps. E) four alternating pumps.

C) four paired pumps.

89) Cardiac output depends on A) stroke volume only. B) heart rate only. C) stroke volume and heart rate. D) blood pressure. E) peripheral resistance.

C) stroke volume and heart rate.

55) The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the ________ circuit. A) pulmonary B) arteriole C) systemic D) venous E) hepatic

C) systemic

59) A midsagittal section through the trunk would divide the heart A) equally into two halves. B) unequally, with most lying on the right side. C) unequally, with most lying on the left side. D) unequally, with most lying superior.

C) unequally, with most lying on the left side.

51) Weak venous valves can result in A) arteriosclerosis is a subgroup of atherosclerosis. B) atherosclerosis is a subgroup of arteriosclerosis. C) varicose veins. D) vasoconstriction. E) vasomotion.

C) varicose veins.

52) The most effective way to aid venous return in lower limbs following any surgery is to A) lay flat with feet elevated. B) lay totally flat with legs below the level of the heart. C) walk to contract leg skeletal muscles. D) lay supine with the head above the feet. E) sit and massage the legs to manipulate valves.

C) walk to contract leg skeletal muscles.

25) Robin has Rh-negative blood. During her first pregnancy she carries an Rh-positive infant. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The pregnancy will likely result in hemolytic disease of the newborn because of mother-baby incompatibility. B) The pregnancy will alter the baby's blood type. C) If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and all future pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn. D) If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and future Rh-positive pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn. E) If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and future Rh-negative pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

D) If untreated, the pregnancy will sensitize Robin and future Rh-positive pregnancies will result in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

56) The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry A) oxygenated blood to the heart. B) deoxygenated blood to the heart. C) oxygenated blood from the heart. D) deoxygenated blood from the heart.

D) deoxygenated blood from the heart.

38) Anemia can result from inadequate A) copper. B) calcium. C) vitamin K. D) iron. E) magnesium.

D) iron.

64) The fibrous remnants of the fetal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk is called the A) coronary sulcus. B) anterior atrioventricular sulcus. C) auricles. D) ligamentum arteriosum. E) superatria.

D) ligamentum arteriosum

11) Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A) distribution of respiratory gases B) delivery of hormones C) temperature regulation D) neural processing E) defense against diseases

D) neural processing

49) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of balloon angioplasty? A) mortality rate of only 1 percent B) ability to perform as outpatient surgery C) 90 percent success rate D) non-invasive

D) non-invasive

8) The formed elements with a role in blood clotting are A) platelets. B) red blood cells. C) white blood cells. D) plasma proteins. E) inorganic molecules.

D) plasma proteins

36) A condition characterized by multiplication of a pathogen in blood is called A) viremia. B) bacteremia. C) pathogenesis. D) septicemia. E) embolus.

D) septicemia.

21) Arterial blood is bright red because A) blood is bright red at all times. B) the hemes carry carbon dioxide. C) the globins carry oxygen. D) the hemes carry oxygen. E) the globins carry carbon dioxide.

D) the hemes carry oxygen.

20) Which of the following is NOT an important functional aspect of the biconcave design of red blood cells? A) provide a large surface area to volume ratio B) can form stacks for efficient transport C) provide flexibility D) undergo cell division quickly and efficiently

D) undergo cell division quickly and efficiently

88) The T wave of an ECG corresponds to A) atrial systole. B) atrial diastole. C) ventricular systole. D) ventricular diastole.

D) ventricular diastole.

4) Blood that has an unaltered composition is called A) fractionated. B) a formed element. C) plasma. D) whole blood. E) hematocrit.

D) whole blood

90) When the heart rate is 70 beats per minute and the stroke volume is 80 mL, what is cardiac output? A) 1500 mL/min B) 150 mL/min C) 56 mL/min D) 560 mL/min E) 5600 mL/min.

E) 5600 mL/min.

23) Kirk has type AB blood. Which blood type would cause agglutination or cross reaction with his blood? A) types A, B, and AB B) types B and AB C) type O D) All blood types would agglutinate Kirk's blood. E) No blood types would agglutinate Kirk's blood.

E) No blood types would agglutinate Kirk's blood.

68) The tissue accumulating at structure "B" is A) elastic connective tissue. B) a ligament. C) areolar connective tissue. D) endothelial tissue. E) adipose tissue.

E) adipose tissue.

35) The major symptom of leukemia is A) absence of blood cells. B) conversion of red to white blood cells. C) appearance of abnormal platelets and clotting factors. D) appearance of immature and abnormal red blood cells. E) appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells.

E) appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells.

40) The clotting pathways require large amounts of A) iron. B) sodium. C) copper. D) hydrogen ions. E) calcium.

E) calcium.

5) The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the A) fractionated. B) partial blood. C) plasma. D) whole blood. E) hematocrit.

E) hematocrit.

71) The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the ________ artery. A) right coronary B) circumflex C) posterior interventricular D) marginal E) left coronary

E) left coronary

10) The average pH of blood falls in a range of A) totally neutral. B) very acidic. C) slightly acidic. D) very alkaline. E) slightly alkaline.

E) slightly alkaline.

94) During heavy exercise cardiac output increases approximately ________ and skeletal muscle blood flow increases ________. A) two-fold, two-fold B) two-fold, three-fold C) three-fold, five-fold D) five-fold, ten-fold E) three-fold, ten-fold

E) three-fold, ten-fold

15) A typical red blood cell lasts A) for a person's lifetime. B) two to three hours. C) two to three days. D) two to three weeks. E) two to three months.

E) two to three months.

44) Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called A) arteriodilation. B) vasoconstriction. C) elastic recoil. D) arterioconstriction. E) vasodilation.

E) vasodilation.

50) The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the A) heart. B) capillaries. C) spleen. D) arteries. E) veins.

E) veins.

61) The serous membrane covering the heart is the A) endocardium. B) myocardium. C) endothelium D) parietal pericardium. E) visceral pericardium.

E) visceral pericardium.

87) An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called A) tachycardia. B) brachycardia. C) resting heart rate. D) QRS complex. E) parasympathetic.

A) tachycardia.

18) A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is A) 10 g/dl. B) 12-16 g/dl. C) 20 g/dl. D) 25 g/dl. E) 50 g/dl.

B) 12 - 16 g/dl.

46) The afferent vessels of the heart are A) arteries. B) veins. C) capillaries. D) pulmonary. E) systemic.

B) veins.

17) Red blood cells comprise about ________ of the cells in the human body. A) 1 percent B) 12 percent C) 25 percent D) 33 percent E) 67 percent

D) 33 percent

48) Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with atherosclerosis? A) age B) gender C) cigarette smoking D) high blood pressure E) active lifestyle

E) active lifestyle