Chapters 13 and 14 Western Civ

Who founded the Society of Jesus?

Ignatius of Loyola

Which monarch tried unsuccessfully to bring Catholicism back to England?

Mary I

Where were the most advanced civilizations in the Americas before the Europeans appeared?

Mesoamerica

Europeans were drawn in to sub-Saharan Africa in their quest for________.

gold and slaves

Unlike Luther's style of reform, Zwingli________.

combined secular and religious governance

In The Praise of Folly, Erasmus________.

criticized and mocked both priests and monks

What two fifteenth-century inventions made books more widely available?

moveable type and cheap paper

Amerigo Vespucci was the first European to________.

name the Americas the New world

Which of these elements of Luther's theology was adopted by the Council of Trent?

none of these elements were adopted

Most Christian humanists were from________.

norhtern Europe

As a result of the Spanish conquest, the population of Mexico fell to about _______of its pre-conquest level.

one-tenth

Literacy in fifteenth-century Europe was ________.

largely restricted to urban areas

In the short term, which of these was the most influential element of the Columbian Exchange?

microbes

Which of these caused the greatest mortality in the Americas resulting from the European conquests?

smallpox

How did Martin Luther view the German Peasants' Revolt?

He opposed it because he saw the Reformation as a spiritual phenomenon.

Which of these was a women's religious order?

Carmelites

The Negus was the emperor of ________.

Ethiopia

Which of these men conquered the native empire in Peru?

Fransisco Pizarro

Martin Luther was supported and protected by ________.

Frederick the Wise

Which of these made voyages to sub-Saharan Africa appear necessary to Europeans in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

Muslim control of the African gold trade

Which of these were most willing to give women an equal spiritual role in their churches?

Quakers

Which theorist developed the English ideas of royal supremacy and the rejection of papal authority?

Thomas Starkey

Which of these men first sailed from Europe to India?

Vasco de Gama

The role of John Tetzel in the Protestant Reformation was ________.

a focus of Martin Luther's call for reform

The Middle Passage in the slave trade was the journey ________.

across the Atlantic

When did Europeans realize that the New World was not anywhere near China?

after the journeys of Amerigo Vespucci

The Incan Empire was weakened just before the Spanish conquest because they had________.

just fought a civil war

In 1492, the Incan Empire was in the process of being _________.

decentralized

The requerimiento revealed the________.

dual Spanish objective of conquering and converting the indigenous populations to Christianity

The Anabaptists believed baptism should take place________.

during adulthood

The institution of slavery ________.

existed in Africa well before the European trans-Atlantic slave trade

The strength of the Aztecs was based largely on _______.

improved farming methods

Luther intended for his 95 Theses to________.

initiate a debate on the buying and selling of indulgences

The Treaty of Tordesillas was of limited validity because ________.

it was drawn up by the pope

Why did Columbus apparently set out on his voyages based on the shortest calculation of the distance to Asia?

it was expedient

The Columbian question refers to debate about the________.

origins of syphilis

By around 1600, the main competition faced by Europeans trading in Asia came from ________.

other Europeans

In Calvinism, _________largely filled the role played by priests in Catholicism.

parents

refused to retract his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church

penance

At the Diet of Worms in 1521, Martin Luther________.

refused to retract his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church

Henry VIII was faced in the 1520s with a(n) _______ crisis.

succession

Which of these met from 1545 to 1563 to consider Catholic doctrine?

the Council of Trent

Which of these can be considered a product of the Catholic Reformation?

the Index of Forbidden Books

Which religious order played a critical role in Christian missions in Brazil?

the Jesuits

The notion of the priesthood of all believers was a direct challenge to ________.

the clergy

The work of Bartolomé de Las Casas was an example of ________.

theories viewing Native Americans ad innocents

Europeans sought new routes to the east in the 1400s because________.

they wanted to circumvent Ottoman control of the trade routes to Asia

The Elizabethan Settlement________._______.

was a compromise between Catholicism and Protestantism

The Zwinglian Reformation_______.

was not initially influenced by the Lutheran Reformation

Christopher Columbus wanted to sail west to China so that________.

western Europeans could recapture Jerusalem