Chapters 13 and 14 Western Civ
Who founded the Society of Jesus?
Ignatius of Loyola
Which monarch tried unsuccessfully to bring Catholicism back to England?
Mary I
Where were the most advanced civilizations in the Americas before the Europeans appeared?
Mesoamerica
Europeans were drawn in to sub-Saharan Africa in their quest for________.
gold and slaves
Unlike Luther's style of reform, Zwingli________.
combined secular and religious governance
In The Praise of Folly, Erasmus________.
criticized and mocked both priests and monks
What two fifteenth-century inventions made books more widely available?
moveable type and cheap paper
Amerigo Vespucci was the first European to________.
name the Americas the New world
Which of these elements of Luther's theology was adopted by the Council of Trent?
none of these elements were adopted
Most Christian humanists were from________.
norhtern Europe
As a result of the Spanish conquest, the population of Mexico fell to about _______of its pre-conquest level.
one-tenth
Literacy in fifteenth-century Europe was ________.
largely restricted to urban areas
In the short term, which of these was the most influential element of the Columbian Exchange?
microbes
Which of these caused the greatest mortality in the Americas resulting from the European conquests?
smallpox
How did Martin Luther view the German Peasants' Revolt?
He opposed it because he saw the Reformation as a spiritual phenomenon.
Which of these was a women's religious order?
Carmelites
The Negus was the emperor of ________.
Ethiopia
Which of these men conquered the native empire in Peru?
Fransisco Pizarro
Martin Luther was supported and protected by ________.
Frederick the Wise
Which of these made voyages to sub-Saharan Africa appear necessary to Europeans in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?
Muslim control of the African gold trade
Which of these were most willing to give women an equal spiritual role in their churches?
Quakers
Which theorist developed the English ideas of royal supremacy and the rejection of papal authority?
Thomas Starkey
Which of these men first sailed from Europe to India?
Vasco de Gama
The role of John Tetzel in the Protestant Reformation was ________.
a focus of Martin Luther's call for reform
The Middle Passage in the slave trade was the journey ________.
across the Atlantic
When did Europeans realize that the New World was not anywhere near China?
after the journeys of Amerigo Vespucci
The Incan Empire was weakened just before the Spanish conquest because they had________.
just fought a civil war
In 1492, the Incan Empire was in the process of being _________.
decentralized
The requerimiento revealed the________.
dual Spanish objective of conquering and converting the indigenous populations to Christianity
The Anabaptists believed baptism should take place________.
during adulthood
The institution of slavery ________.
existed in Africa well before the European trans-Atlantic slave trade
The strength of the Aztecs was based largely on _______.
improved farming methods
Luther intended for his 95 Theses to________.
initiate a debate on the buying and selling of indulgences
The Treaty of Tordesillas was of limited validity because ________.
it was drawn up by the pope
Why did Columbus apparently set out on his voyages based on the shortest calculation of the distance to Asia?
it was expedient
The Columbian question refers to debate about the________.
origins of syphilis
By around 1600, the main competition faced by Europeans trading in Asia came from ________.
other Europeans
In Calvinism, _________largely filled the role played by priests in Catholicism.
parents
refused to retract his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church
penance
At the Diet of Worms in 1521, Martin Luther________.
refused to retract his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church
Henry VIII was faced in the 1520s with a(n) _______ crisis.
succession
Which of these met from 1545 to 1563 to consider Catholic doctrine?
the Council of Trent
Which of these can be considered a product of the Catholic Reformation?
the Index of Forbidden Books
Which religious order played a critical role in Christian missions in Brazil?
the Jesuits
The notion of the priesthood of all believers was a direct challenge to ________.
the clergy
The work of Bartolomé de Las Casas was an example of ________.
theories viewing Native Americans ad innocents
Europeans sought new routes to the east in the 1400s because________.
they wanted to circumvent Ottoman control of the trade routes to Asia
The Elizabethan Settlement________._______.
was a compromise between Catholicism and Protestantism
The Zwinglian Reformation_______.
was not initially influenced by the Lutheran Reformation
Christopher Columbus wanted to sail west to China so that________.
western Europeans could recapture Jerusalem
