Chapters 21- Circulatory System

Which of the following factors assists in the return of venous blood to the heart? (1) arterial dilation (2) valves in the veins (3) sympathetic stimulation (4) compression of veins by muscular movements

2, 3, 4

If someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be

40 mm Hg.

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. (1) systolic pressure; (2) diastolic pressure

A.

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries aneurysm

A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia necrotic tissue

A. dead tissue

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins subclavian vein

A. drains blood from the arm

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure basilar artery

A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds endothelium

A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen superior phrenic artery

A. supplies blood to the diaphragm

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta anterior cerebral artery

A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh internal iliac artery

A. supplies blood to the pelvic area

The hepatic portal system Multiple Choice begins and ends with capillary beds. transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver. allows the liver to detoxify substances entering the body through the digestive tract. has no pumping mechanism between the capillary beds. All of these choice are correct.

All of these choice are correct.

Art is 75. He has advanced arteriosclerosis. He is suffering from a number of manifestations, which are consistent with his arteriosclerosis. Over the past several years he has developed hypertension and he is beginning to show signs of renal failure. Which of the following are consistent with his condition? Multiple Choice increased resistance to blood flow increased renin secretion from the kidneys increased aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex increased angiotensinogen formation All of these choices is correct.

All of these choices are correct

Which of the following happens when a person stands in one place for a long period of time? Multiple Choice Gravity causes an increased accumulation of blood in the veins in the feet and legs. Blood pressure rises in the venules of the feet. Without muscular movement the pressure at the venous end of the capillaries increases. Edema may occur in the lower extremities. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

When contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice Veins have thicker walls than arteries. Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins. Veins have a tunica media while arteries do not. Arteries have valves, but veins do not. Arteries have smooth muscle in their walls, but veins do not.

Arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins.

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. (1) velocity of blood flow in the arterioles; (2) velocity of blood flow in the aorta

B

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. (1) velocity of blood flow when cross-sectional area increases; (2) velocity of blood flow when cross-sectional area decreases

B

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system Poiseuille's Law

C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds precapillary sphincters

C. regulate blood flow into capillaries

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta cerebral arterial circle

B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia embolism

B. a floating clot

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries arteriosclerosis

B. degenerative changes in arteries

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds venules

B. drain capillary networks

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh common iliac artery

B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system Korotkoff sounds

B. produced by turbulent blood flow

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins external jugular vein

B. superficial vein of the head and neck

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen thoracic visceral artery

B. supplies blood to the esophagus

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure external carotid artery

B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries varicose veins

C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system Laplace's Law

D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins internal jugular vein

D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds continuous capillaries

D. do not have fenestrae

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh external iliac artery

D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries phlebitis

D. inflammation of the veins

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia stroke

C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen thoracic parietal artery

C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta middle cerebral artery

C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure internal carotid artery

C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh popliteal artery

C. the continuation of the femoral artery

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure subclavian artery

D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen superior mesenteric artery

D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine

When there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by way of the

baroreceptor mechanism.

Baron von Quacko, famous tag-team wrestler, has a famous "sleeper hold" that he uses on his opponents. Using only a single digit on each hand, he presses on his opponent's neck until his opponent passes out. What are the structures on which he is pressing and what is the effect?

baroreceptors in carotid sinus; peripheral vasodilation and decreased heart rate

Fill in the missing blood vessel. vertebral artery; _____________; posterior cerebral artery

basilar artery

Which of the following veins is a superficial vein? Multiple Choice brachial vein basilic vein radial vein subclavian vein ulnar vein

basilic vein

A force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces is

blood colloid osmotic pressure.

_______ _________ is a measure of the force exerted by blood against the blood vessel walls.

blood pressure

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is

blood pressure.

Which of the following are components of the hepatic portal system? Multiple Choice azygos vein inferior vena cava gastric vein inferior mesenteric vein both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein

both the gastric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein

Tracing the blood from the heart to the right hand, blood leaves the heart, passes through the ascending aorta, aortic arch, right subclavian artery, axillary and brachial arteries, either the radial or ulnar arteries and palmar arches to arrive at the hand. Which artery is missing in this sequence?

brachiocephalic

Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aortic arch? Multiple Choice brachiocephalic artery coronary artery pulmonary artery right subclavian artery right common carotid artery

brachiocephalic artery

Fill in the missing blood vessel. ext. jugular vein; _____________; superior vena cava

brachiocephalic vein

The internal jugular veins join the subclavian veins to form the

brachiocephalic veins.

In which of the following clinical situations would you expect edema?

burns (which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins)

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta posterior cerebral artery

D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins azygos vein

C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia thrombosis

D. a stationary clot

Match the following with the appropriate description. A. formed when the right and left vertebral arteries unite B. supplies blood to the face, nose, and mouth C. terminates by forming the middle cerebral arteries D. supplies blood to the arm and shoulder regions E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure carotid sinuses

E. sense organs that monitor blood pressure

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. a bulge (a weak spot) in the artery wall B. degenerative changes in arteries C. an overstretching of the veins of the lower extremities D. inflammation of the veins E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries vasa vasorum

E. small vessels that supply nutrients to large arteries

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the diaphragm B. supplies blood to the esophagus C. supplies blood to the thoracic wall D. supplies blood to the pancreas and small intestine E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen celiac trunk

E. supplies blood to the stomach, liver, and spleen

Edema can occur when there is

a blockage of the lymphatics.

What would increase resistance to blood flow?

a decrease in the radius of the vessel

When blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is

a net movement of fluid out of the capillary.

An obstruction in the inferior vena cava would hamper the return of blood from the

abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs.

Most of the exchange of nutrients and waste products that occurs between the blood and interstitial spaces occurs across the walls of the _______.

capillaries

The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of

capillaries.

The structure of a capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because

capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane.

Hormones from the adrenal medulla

cause an increase in stroke volume.

Epinephrine

causes vasodilation of coronary blood vessels.

Fill in the missing blood vessel. abdominal aorta; _____________; splenic artery

celiac artery

Which artery sends branches to the stomach and liver?

celiac artery

The three unpaired arteries arising from the abdominal aorta are the ___________.

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

A vein responsible for draining blood from the upper limb is the

cephalic vein.

The superficial vessels typically seen in the hand and forearm are tributaries of the _____ and _____ veins.

cephalic; basilic

The abdominal aorta divides at L5 to form the two

common iliac arteries.

Distributing arteries

contain a thick tunica media.

Precapillary sphincters?

control the blood flow into capillary beds.

The _______ arteries branch from the ascending aorta.

coronary

The first blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the

coronary arteries.

Which of the following would lead to relaxation of the precapillary sphincter?

decreased oxygen levels in tissue cells served by the capillary

Atherosclerosis is the

deposition of plaques in arterial walls.

What is the most important means by which capillary exchange occurs?

diffusion

The anterior tibial artery becomes the

dorsalis pedis artery.

According to Poiseuille's law, a small decrease in the diameter of a vessel will

dramatically decrease blood flow.

Which vein drains blood from the left side of the thorax and esophagus into the left brachiocephalic vein?

hemiazygos vein

In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse?

hemorrhagic shock

The _____ begins with capillaries in the abdominal viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.

hepatic portal system

According to Poiseuille's law,

if resistance increases, flow decreases.

Systemic circulation

includes the aorta and all of its branches.

Arteriosclerosis results in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to

increase.

Which of the following is LESS likely to result in edema?

increased mean arterial pressure

Increased pressure in the aortic arch will activate the aortic arch reflex and cause

increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

A thrombus in the second branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch would affect the flow of blood to the

left side of the head and neck.

Fill in the missing blood vessel. aortic arch; _____________; left axillary artery

left subclavian artery

Which of the following sequences is correct? Multiple Choice external iliac vein, internal iliac vein, common iliac vein liver sinusoid, central vein, hepatic vein superior vena cava, azygos vein, posterior intercostal vein fibular vein, femoral vein, popliteal vein hepatic vein, hepatic portal system, inferior vena cava

liver sinusoid, central vein, hepatic vein

Blood pressure is the

measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.

The ______ vein connects the basilic vein and cephalic vein.

median cubital

Which of the following veins is NOT involved in draining blood from the arm? Multiple Choice brachial vein basilic vein cephalic vein median cubital vein

median cubital vein

Which vessel is often used to draw blood from a patient?

median cubital vein

The greater the compliance the

more easily the vessel wall stretches.

Which of the following is NOT a pericapillary cell found in capillaries? Multiple Choice macrophages neurons undifferentiated smooth muscle cells fibroblasts

neurons

In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincter

occurs when the tissue in the area needs more oxygen.

Which of the following is NOT a long-term regulator of blood pressure? Multiple Choice renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism vasopressin mechanism stress-relaxation response oxygen tension response

oxygen tension response

The central nervous system ischemic response

plays an important role in controlling blood pressure under emergency conditions.

Fill in the missing blood vessel. femoral artery; _____________; posterior tibial artery

popliteal artery

The posterior tibial artery is a continuation of the

popliteal artery.

Which type of veins connect two primary capillary networks?

portal veins

Which of the following arteries is not part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)? Multiple Choice anterior communicating artery posterior cerebellar artery posterior communicating artery anterior cerebral artery internal carotid artery

posterior cerebellar artery

Blood is moved through the vascular system by

pressure gradients created by the heart.

Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for

proteins.

In the pulmonary circulation, the _____ carry blood to the lungs.

pulmonary arteries

Blood flow into the deep and superficial palmar arches originates from the ______ and ____ arteries.

radial; ulnar

Which function does the circulatory system share with the heart?

regulates blood pressure

Which of the following events would cause a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure?

release of atrial natriuretic factor

The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure

relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope.

What best describes arteries?

strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure

The three major arteries of the upper limb that form a continuum are the

subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries.

The major types of veins are ____________, ____________, and ______.

superficial veins, deep veins, and sinuses

What artery supplies the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon?

superior mesenteric artery

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the

superior mesenteric vein.

Which blood vessel supplies blood to the diaphragm?

superior phrenic artery

Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the

superior vena cava.

Vasoconstriction is caused by ______ stimulation of vascular smooth muscle; ______ stimulation of vascular smooth muscle causes vasodilation.

sympathetic; parasympathetic

Resistance in the cardiovascular system

tends to increase if blood viscosity increases.

In the aorta,

the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high.

Which thoracic organs is supplied by a parietal branch of the thoracic aorta?

the intercostal muscles

As viscosity of the blood increases,

the pressure required to force it to flow increases.

In response to circulatory shock,

the renin-angiotensin mechanism is activated.

Which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces?

the thinness of the capillary wall

Capillaries have the slowest velocity because

the total cross-sectional area is the largest.

What acts as a storage area for blood?

the veins

When the blood pressure of a vessel drops below the critical closing pressure for that vessel,

the vessel collapses.

Which of the following functions is associated with vessels that carry blood directly from arterioles to veins without passing through capillaries? Multiple Choice thermoregulation nutrient supply to tissues removal of metabolic waste products from tissues oxygen supply to tissues pH regulation

thermoregulation

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by

thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media.

The azygos vein drains blood from the _____ into the superior vena cava.

thorax

Which kind of vessel provides a bypass for a capillary bed?

thoroughfare channel

The visceral branches of the internal iliac arteries supply blood to the

urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs.

Valves similar to the semilunar valves of the heart are found in medium and large

veins

Which type of vessel has the greatest compliance?

veins

In which type of blood vessels is the blood pressure the lowest?

vena cavas

Which type of capillary has the largest diameter?

venous sinuses

If a person develops high blood pressure, one of the compensatory mechanisms that comes into play is the fluid shift mechanism. This mechanism causes

water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces.

The chemoreceptor reflexes help maintain homeostasis

when carbon dioxide levels increase.

When measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer, which of the following best describes when blood flow in the brachial artery is turbulent?

when pressure in the brachial artery is greater than in the blood pressure cuff and greater than the diastolic pressure

The vein that ascends along the medial side of the lower limb to the femoral vein is the ____ saphenous vein and the vein that ascends along the posterior aspect of the leg to the popliteal vein is the _____ saphenous vein.

great; small

What hormones does NOT influence blood pressure?

growth hormone

Where is the vasomotor center located?

pons and medulla oblongata

The kidneys are supplied by the

renal arteries.

The vertebral arteries arise from the ________.

right and left subclavian arteries

Fill in the missing blood vessel. innominate artery; _____________; right external carotid artery

right common carotid artery

The vasomotor center ______.

sends low frequency action potentials to blood vessels to maintain tone

Which type of capillaries have large fenestrae and are found in endocrine glands?

sinusoidal capillaries

The largest fenestrae are seen in _____ capillaries while the smallest fenestrae are seen in ____ capillaries.

sinusoidal; fenestrated

A thrombus in the first branch (not including coronary arteries) off of the aortic arch might affect the flow of blood to which of the following structures?

both the right arm and the right side of the brain

Which of the following is NOT a vasodilator substance produced in the extracellular fluid?

ATP

Which of the following statements regarding regulation of local blood flow is true?

Increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue.

Select the answer that is not true when comparing veins and arteries of the same diameter. Multiple Choice Veins have thinner walls. Veins have valves. Veins have fewer smooth muscle fibers. Veins have a larger lumen. Veins have more elastic tissue.

Veins have more elastic tissue.

Peripheral chemoreceptors

are located in the aortic and carotid bodies.

The vasa vasorum

are special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins.

The greatest resistance to blood flow and therefore the greatest drop in pressure occurs as blood passes through the ______.

arterioles

Resistance to blood flow is greatest in

arterioles.

A direct connection between an arteriole and a venule without an intervening capillary bed is a(an)

arteriovenous anastomosis.

Angiotensin II

causes vasoconstriction.

Veins

may contain valves and are lined with endothelium.

When baroreceptors sense a drop in blood pressure, the vasomotor center responds by:

triggering peripheral vasoconstriction

Which coat of an artery contains endothelium?

tunica intima

Arteries can constrict or dilate as needed because of the smooth muscle found in the

tunica media.

Sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate blood vessel walls are found primarily in the

tunica media.

Where can you NOT monitor a major point where the pulse?

ulnar artery

The maintenance of blood flow by tissues is called _______.

autoregulation

Venous drainage from the posterior thoracic wall enters the superior vena cava via the ______ vein.

azygos

The longest vein in the body is the

great saphenous vein.

Continuous capillaries

have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very tightly together.

Increased venous tone will

help return blood to the heart.

Case study: Dale Fremore was back home after spending the day at a picnic where he ate some "spoiled" potato salad. He developed severe abdominal pain and cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. After about ten to twelve episodes of water diarrhea, Mr. Fremore became so pale and weak he could hardly walk. His wife took him to the hospital where he was diagnosed with severe dehydration (decreased plasma volume). Mr. Fremore was suffering from shock. The body has several mechanisms that can come into play to try to maintain blood pressure and blood flow when a person goes into shock. Compensatory shock is characterized by a narrowed pulse pressure. Which of the following blood pressure readings is an example of a narrowed pulse pressure?

92/64

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. (1) blood pressure in the aorta; (2) blood pressure in the superior vena cava

A

Use the following key to choose the most correct answer. A. Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item. B. Choose this if the first item is less than the second item. C. Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. (1) plasma volume when ADH levels increase; (2) plasma volume when ADH levels decrease

A

Case study: Dale Fremore was back home after spending the day at a picnic where he ate some "spoiled" potato salad. He developed severe abdominal pain and cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. After about ten to twelve episodes of water diarrhea, Mr. Fremore became so pale and weak he could hardly walk. His wife took him to the hospital where he was diagnosed with severe dehydration (decreased plasma volume). Mr. Fremore was suffering from shock. The body has several mechanisms that can come into play to try to maintain blood pressure and blood flow when a person goes into shock. Which of the following would occur as a person goes into shock?

Baroreceptors are stimulated.

When blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. Which of the following is one of the events that occurs after an increase in blood pressure?

Baroreceptors are stimulated.

What are vasa vasorum?

Blood vessels that nourish the tunica adventitia and tunica media.

The viscosity of blood is influenced largely by __________, which is the percentage of the total blood volume composed of red blood cells.

hematocrit

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system vascular compliance

E. a characteristic of the venous system

Match the term with the appropriate description. A. dead tissue B. a floating clot C. sudden decreased blood supply to a part of the brain D. a stationary clot E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia infarct

E. a localized area of dead cells resulting from ischemia

Match the term with the best description. A. simple squamous epithelium of capillaries B. drain capillary networks C. regulate blood flow into capillaries D. do not have fenestrae E. bypass capillary beds thoroughfare channels

E. bypass capillary beds

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the pelvic area B. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta C. the continuation of the femoral artery D. extends from the common iliac artery to the thigh E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh femoral artery

E. continuation of the external iliac artery into the thigh

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain B. a circle of arteries at the base of the brain C. supplies large portions of the lateral cerebral cortex D. supplies the posterior portion of the cerebrum E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta common iliac artery

E. formed by the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

Match the vessel with the appropriate description. A. drains blood from the arm B. superficial vein of the head and neck C. the posterior intercostals veins join this vein on the right side of the body D. deep vein that drains blood from the cranial vault E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins brachiocephalic vein

E. formed by the union of the internal jugular and the subclavian veins

All of the following describe the actions of the adrenal medullary mechanism, except. Multiple Choice Responds in the short-term Is rapid-acting Responds within seconds Is usually active for months

Is usually active for months

How would you describe the streamlined movement of blood through a vessel?

Laminar flow

The relationship between the force holding open a vessel and the vessels diameter (Force = diameter x pressure; or F = D x P) is called:

Laplace's law

During exchange at the capillaries, what can cross the endothelial cells, diffusing through the plasma membranes?

Lipid-soluble substances

In capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true?

Most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary reenters the venous end of a capillary.

All of the following can serve as vasodilators, except Multiple Choice Lactic acid AMP EDRF Carbon dioxide Oxygen

Oxygen

When vasodilation doubles the vessel diameter, what is the change in resistance?

Reduced to 1/16th of the original value

Select the description below that describes pulmonary circulation. Multiple Choice System of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the right atrium of the heart. System of blood vessels that a carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Finely dissected blood vessels that allow for the exchange of nutrients in the tissues. System of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart.

System of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart.

Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true? Multiple Choice The innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity. Laminar blood flow occurs when blood flows past an area of constriction. The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow. In laminar blood flow, the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity.

The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow.

Describe the critical closing pressure.

The pressure below which a vessel collapses.

Which of the following statements concerning blood vessel walls is true? Multiple Choice The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall. The tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins. The tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium. Capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media. Vessel diameter is controlled primarily by the tunica intima.

The tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall.

What do the left common carotid, brachiocephalic artery and left subclavian all have in common?

They all branch from the aortic arch.

Which statement about precapillary sphincters is CORRECT? Multiple Choice They contract when oxygen levels in the tissue are low. They can close off the capillaries by contracting. They are openings that allow large molecules and blood cells to leave the capillary. When the precapillary sphincters are open, blood flows only through the thoroughfare channels. They are voluntary.

They can close off the capillaries by contracting.

Why does nutrient-rich blood of the hepatic portal vein pass first through the liver before this blood is returned to the heart?

To allow the liver to store or modify the nutrients

Which statement is CORRECT? Multiple Choice For an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein would have a thicker wall. Veins contain valves and arteries do not. Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins. When empty, an artery is more likely to be collapsed (flattened) than a vein. Both arteries and veins are under pressure.

Veins contain valves and arteries do not.

Explain the drop in blood pressure that occurs when one goes from lying down to standing up.

Venous compliance allows blood to pool in the legs, decreasing venous return. This causes a drop in cardiac output and blood pressure.

Describe the relationship between pulse pressure, aging and compliance.

With increasing age, compliance decreases and pulse pressure increases.

Which of the following is NOT involved in short-term regulation of blood pressure? Multiple Choice baroreceptor reflex adrenal medullary mechanism alteration in blood volume chemoreceptor mechanism

alteration in blood volume

Which of the following would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys?

an increase in blood volume

When a person rises quickly from a lying position, there is

an increase in vasomotor sympathetic stimulation to the blood vessels causing vasoconstriction.

Match the term with the best description. A. arteriosclerosis B. produced by turbulent blood flow C. blood flow is directly proportional to pressure differences and inversely proportional to resistance D. as pressure in a vessel decreases, the force holding it open decreases, and the vessel tends to collapse E. a characteristic of the venous system a characteristic of aging arteries

arteriosclerosis

Hardening of the arteries results in _______ and deposition of plaques in the walls of the arteries results in ______.

arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?

artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

Blood from the posterior abdominal wall drains into the

ascending lumbar veins.

Which of the following chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease?

atrial natriuretic hormone

What creates the pulse?

ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta

The blood vessels that are under the greatest pressure are the

elastic arteries.

From the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct? Multiple Choice muscular artery, arteriole, elastic artery, capillary arteriole, muscular artery, elastic artery, capillary elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary

elastic artery, muscular artery, arteriole, capillary

Vasomotor tone can be increased by

emotional excitement.

The lining of a capillary is called the

endothelium.

All of the following are functions of the circulatory system, except Multiple Choice carries blood. regulates blood pressure. transports nutrients. directs blood flow to tissues. excretes wastes.

excretes wastes.

As the popliteal vein ascends the leg, it becomes the

femoral vein.

One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulses. To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in the

foot.

Systemic blood vessels transport blood

from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium.

What structure helps to regulate body temperature?

glomus

All of these will easily diffuse across the plasma membrane EXCEPT: Multiple Choice oxygen carbon dioxide steroid hormone glucose

glucose

Case study: Dale Fremore was back home after spending the day at a picnic where he ate some "spoiled" potato salad. He developed severe abdominal pain and cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. After about ten to twelve episodes of water diarrhea, Mr. Fremore became so pale and weak he could hardly walk. His wife took him to the hospital where he was diagnosed with severe dehydration (decreased plasma volume). Mr. Fremore was suffering from shock. The body has several mechanisms that can come into play to try to maintain blood pressure and blood flow when a person goes into shock. Urine output usually decreases when a person is in shock. This is the result of

increased renin secretion.

According to the Laplace's Law, as the diameter of a blood vessel increases, the force applied to the wall of that vessel

increases.

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would

indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg.

Fill in the missing blood vessel. hepatic vein; _____________; right atrium

inferior vena cava

Which of the following arteries is part of a circulatory pathway to the brain?

internal carotid artery

The pelvic area is supplied with blood from the _______ arteries.

internal iliac

The venous sinuses in the cranial cavity drain blood into the

internal jugular vein.

The innermost layer of a blood vessel wall is the tunica _______.

intima

The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel

is faster in the center of the blood vessel.

Atrial natriuretic factor

is released in response to elevated atrial pressure.

Which of the following organs would be most likely to contain fenestrated capillaries?

kidney.