chapters 6 landforms exam

Which of the following would not be found along a tectonically active shoreline?

barrier islands

Particles of sand, gravels, and shells that move along the shore form the:

beach drift

A depression created by deflation is known as a:

blowout depression

Although many elements are dissolved in seawater, no gases are dissolved in it.

false

Soils formed from loess tend to be infertile.

false

For purposes of discussing aeolian processes, the wind acts like a

fluid

The ability of the wind to erode materials:

is small compared to other erosive agents, such as water and ice

Which of the following terms is not a correct reference to a desert pavement?

sandseas

Abrasion is usually confined to a zone which extends up to ________ above the ground.

1 m (3.28 ft)

Active sand dunes and sandy deserts cover approximately what percentage of continental land between 30°N and 30°S latitude?

10 percent

The steepest side of a dune has a maximum angle of about:

34 degrees

Brine water results from:

High evapotranspiration rates

Which of the following is correct regarding worldwide sea level?

It was about 130m (430ft) lower 18,000 years ago, and about 10-20cm lower ~100 years ago.

Which side of a dune typically has a slope angle equal to that of the angle of repose for sand?

Leeward

When the Sun, Earth and Moon are in conjunction, the arrangement of these three celestial bodies forms a ________and it results in the ________tidal range.

Line; Largest

Which of the following is correct regarding the chemical content of Earth's oceans?

Salinity varies all over the world, but the ratio of individual salts to each other does not change

Pebbles can be moved by ________ in a process known as ________ .

Saltating particles; surface creep

A longshore current involves all of the following except:

Waves of transition

A single groin can produce both sand erosion and deposition.

true

Barrier islands can migrate.

true

Determining mean sea level requires measurement of tidal levels hourly for at least a period of several years.

true

The salinity of seawater averages 3.5 percent, or 35 parts per thousand.

true

The wind has relatively minor effects on weathering and erosion.

true

Water is essential to the formation of a desert pavement.

true

An earthquake, a submarine landslide, or an eruption of an undersea volcano is capable of producing a:

tsunami

Wave action works to straighten a coast as wave energy focuses around headlands and tends to disperse energy in coves and bays in a process called:

wave refraction

The height of a tsunami grows as it approaches a coastline primarily because:

Its wavelength shortens

Relative to dune movement and form, a dune's slipface forms on which side?

Leeward side

A general term for the coastal environment is:

Littoral zone

Because air has a ________ density than water, saltating particles in an aeolian environment strike one another with ________ force than do saltating particles in a stream.

Lower; more

About 2 percent of the oceanic mass is made of the:

Mixing zone where solutes and temperatures blend quickly

Linear dunes and seif dunes are oriented:

Perpendicular to the wind

The Sphinx in Egypt may have originally been a natural yardang that was subsequently shaped by people into its present form.

true

Which of the following is not an example of a depositional coastal landform?

wave-cut platform

As a wave approaches the shoreline and enters shallower water, energy and water move forward causing the water to rise and cascade down from the wave crest as a breaker. These waves are called:

waves of translation

The lowering of the land surface by the lifting and removal of material is termed ________ , whereas the grinding of rock surfaces with a "sandblasting" action is ________ .

Deflation; abrasion

Once particle motion is initiated, subsequent motion can be maintained ________ because of the process of ________.

At lower wind velocities; particle impact

Which of the following dune types is incorrectly matched with the conditions necessary for its formation?

Barchan - abundant sand

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the erosion and transport of clay?

Clay is difficult to lift from a surface but is easy to keep suspended in the air

From inland to the ocean, which sequence of zones is correct?

Coast, backshore, foreshore, nearshore

The removal and lifting of individual loose particles by the wind is termed:

Deflation

Which two processes create desert pavement?

Deflation and sheet wash

The term aeolian refers to:

Erosion, transportation, and deposition by the wind

The energy of waves striking a headland that protrudes into the sea is ________ than that which strikes the beaches adjacent to it because ________ .

Greater; refraction concentrates energy into the headland

Brackish water would most likely occur:

In a deltaic swamp

Small particles are difficult for wind to move because:

They are aerodynamic and cohesive

Which of the following is correct regarding loess deposits?

They are formed of fine-grained clays and silts

A wave-cut platform is the erosional remnant of a:

cliff

When people go swimming along a coast, they often find themselves, after a while, down the coast from where they first entered the water. They moved downshore because of:

longshore currents