chem test 3
when fresh water lakes become to acidic to support any life
acid rain
found around large cities, and it is probable that long-range changes in our planet's weather are taking place
air pollution
____ is a device to measure atmospheric pressure
barometer
K=
c + 273
A cylinder is fitted with a movable piston. the pressure inside the cylinder is P, and the volume is V, what is the new pressure in the piston decreases the volume of the cylinder by half? a. 1/4 p1 b. 1/2 P1 c. 2 P1 d. 4 P1 e. none of these
c. 2P1
the unit mmHG is often called ____
torr
who won a noble peace prize for the ideal gas law?
Johannes Van Des Waals
sources of air pollution
transportation & production of energy
a simple model that attempts to explain the properties of an ideal gas
Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)
the molar mass of a ideal gas is ___-
22.42 L
postulate that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of "particles"
Avogadro's Law
Global warming
Co2
Breaking a cold pack is what type of reaction
Endothermic reaction
What is the fuel of the sun?
Hydrogen
Dalton's Law of partial pressures:
P= nRT/V
ideal gas law
PV= nRT
Acid rain
Sulfur
Charles's Law=
V= bT
charles's law
V=bt
A balloon contains a certain mass of neon gas. The temperature is kept constant and the same mass of argon gas is added to the balloon. what happens? a. the ballon doubles in volume b. the volume of the balloon expands by more than two times c. the volume of the balloon expands by less that two times d. the balloon stays the same size but the pressure increases
c. the volume of the balloon expands by less than 2x
one of the most important characteristics of energy is that it is ____
conserved
the total energy content of the unviveres is ____
constant
as temperature decreases the atmospheric pressure ____ the gas
crumples
Each of the balloons holds 1.0L of different gases. All four are at 25'C, and each contains the same number of molecules of the following which would also have to be the same for each balloon
d. their pressures
the term used to describe the mixing of gases
diffusion
the term used to describe the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated chamber.
effusion
reactions that absorb energy from the surrounding (energy flows into the system)
endothermic
____ is the essence of our very existence as people and a society
energy
the capacity to do work or to produce heat
energy
when a reaction results in the evolution of heat- energy flows out of the system
exothermic
pressure =
force/area
when some of the energy is transferred from the object to the surfuce
frictional heating
matter exists in 3 distinct physical states:
gas, liquid, solid
the first type of plot, P versus V, forms a curve called ____
hyperbola
a gas that strictly obeys Boyle's law is called ____
ideal gas
a gas that strictly obeys boil's law is called ____
ideal gas
example of exothermic reaction
in the combustion of methane, energy flows out of the system as heat
energy due to the motion of the object and depends on the mass of the object m and its veolcity
kinetic energy
changing weather conditions cause atmospheric pressure to vary-- ___ means that atmospheric pressure will decrease
low
instruments used for measuring pressure often contain mercury-- the most commonly used units for pressure are based on the heights of the mercury column (in mm) that the gas pressure can support
manometer
the way that energy transfer is divided between work and heat depends on the specific conditions
pathway
the reaction of the OH radical with the unburned hydrocarbons in the polluted air to produce chemicals that cause the eyes to water and burn and harmful to respiratory system
photochemical smog
energy due to position or composition
potential energy
the ideal gas law applies content ____
state
how does a barometer work?
the atmospheric pressure stops the mercury from dropping in the dish
example of an endothermic reaction
the formation of nitric oxide from nitrogen and oxygen is endothermic
energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed
the law of conservation of energy
what did boyle study?
the relationshi[ between the pressure of trapped gas and its volume
the study of energy and its interconverstions
thermodynamics
force acting over a distance
work