chem test 3

when fresh water lakes become to acidic to support any life

acid rain

found around large cities, and it is probable that long-range changes in our planet's weather are taking place

air pollution

____ is a device to measure atmospheric pressure

barometer

K=

c + 273

A cylinder is fitted with a movable piston. the pressure inside the cylinder is P, and the volume is V, what is the new pressure in the piston decreases the volume of the cylinder by half? a. 1/4 p1 b. 1/2 P1 c. 2 P1 d. 4 P1 e. none of these

c. 2P1

the unit mmHG is often called ____

torr

who won a noble peace prize for the ideal gas law?

Johannes Van Des Waals

sources of air pollution

transportation & production of energy

a simple model that attempts to explain the properties of an ideal gas

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)

the molar mass of a ideal gas is ___-

22.42 L

postulate that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of "particles"

Avogadro's Law

Global warming

Co2

Breaking a cold pack is what type of reaction

Endothermic reaction

What is the fuel of the sun?

Hydrogen

Dalton's Law of partial pressures:

P= nRT/V

ideal gas law

PV= nRT

Acid rain

Sulfur

Charles's Law=

V= bT

charles's law

V=bt

A balloon contains a certain mass of neon gas. The temperature is kept constant and the same mass of argon gas is added to the balloon. what happens? a. the ballon doubles in volume b. the volume of the balloon expands by more than two times c. the volume of the balloon expands by less that two times d. the balloon stays the same size but the pressure increases

c. the volume of the balloon expands by less than 2x

one of the most important characteristics of energy is that it is ____

conserved

the total energy content of the unviveres is ____

constant

as temperature decreases the atmospheric pressure ____ the gas

crumples

Each of the balloons holds 1.0L of different gases. All four are at 25'C, and each contains the same number of molecules of the following which would also have to be the same for each balloon

d. their pressures

the term used to describe the mixing of gases

diffusion

the term used to describe the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated chamber.

effusion

reactions that absorb energy from the surrounding (energy flows into the system)

endothermic

____ is the essence of our very existence as people and a society

energy

the capacity to do work or to produce heat

energy

when a reaction results in the evolution of heat- energy flows out of the system

exothermic

pressure =

force/area

when some of the energy is transferred from the object to the surfuce

frictional heating

matter exists in 3 distinct physical states:

gas, liquid, solid

the first type of plot, P versus V, forms a curve called ____

hyperbola

a gas that strictly obeys Boyle's law is called ____

ideal gas

a gas that strictly obeys boil's law is called ____

ideal gas

example of exothermic reaction

in the combustion of methane, energy flows out of the system as heat

energy due to the motion of the object and depends on the mass of the object m and its veolcity

kinetic energy

changing weather conditions cause atmospheric pressure to vary-- ___ means that atmospheric pressure will decrease

low

instruments used for measuring pressure often contain mercury-- the most commonly used units for pressure are based on the heights of the mercury column (in mm) that the gas pressure can support

manometer

the way that energy transfer is divided between work and heat depends on the specific conditions

pathway

the reaction of the OH radical with the unburned hydrocarbons in the polluted air to produce chemicals that cause the eyes to water and burn and harmful to respiratory system

photochemical smog

energy due to position or composition

potential energy

the ideal gas law applies content ____

state

how does a barometer work?

the atmospheric pressure stops the mercury from dropping in the dish

example of an endothermic reaction

the formation of nitric oxide from nitrogen and oxygen is endothermic

energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed

the law of conservation of energy

what did boyle study?

the relationshi[ between the pressure of trapped gas and its volume

the study of energy and its interconverstions

thermodynamics

force acting over a distance

work