Chem Test Chapters 4-6
How do you determine the formal charge?
# of val e- - # of lone pairs - 0.5(# of bonded e-)
How do you find bond order?
1/2 (# bonding e- minus # antibonding e-)
What is the correct IUPAC name for AlBr₃?
Aluminum bromide
What is the correct name for Ba3(PO4)2?
Barium phosphate
A tetrahedral with two lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what?
Bent
A trigonal planar with one lone pair has a molecular geometry of what?
Bent
What is the formula and charge for carbonate?
CO3 2-
How do you find the empirical formula?
Convert elements' masses to moles, divide each # of moles by smallest # of moles, possibly multiply by integer
Is H-Cl a covalent or ionic bond?
Covalent
What type of bond forms between two nonmetals?
Covalent
What does valence bond theory state?
Covalent bonds form when orbitals overlap and electrons form electron pairs
What is the name for N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxide
Formula mass for covalent compounds...
Equivalent to molar mass
What is the formula and charge for peroxide?
H2O2
What are some properties of ionic compounds?
High melting points, hard/brittle solids, nonconductors as solids, conductors when dissolved in liquid or are melted
Is Li-F a covalent or ionic bond?
Ionic
What type of bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal?
Ionic
If a molecule is symmetrical...
It is non polar
If a molecule is asymmetrical..
It is polar
A trigonal bipyramidal with three lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what
Linear
An octahedral with four lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what
Linear
What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 2 electron dense areas?
Linear
What is the dilution equation?
M1V1=M2V2
What is the mass percentage equation?
Mass of component divided by mass of solution times 100
What is ppm equation?
Mass of solute divided by mass of solution times 10^6
What is ppb equation?
Mass of solute divided by mass of solution times 10^9
What is the formula for finding the molecular formula?
Molar mass divided by empirical formula mass equals n formula units
What is molarity's formula?
Moles of solute divided by liters of solution
What is the formula and charge for ammonium?
NH4+
What is the formula and charge for nitrite?
NO2-
What is the formula and charge for nitrate?
NO3-
How do you name covalent compounds?
Name of more metallic element (further left and down) named first followed by name of more nonmetallic element with suffix change to -ide Numbers of each atom designated by prefixes
How do you name ionic compounds with variable charges?
Name the metal ion (first one), specify its charge with a roman numeral, then name non-metal ion and end element with suffix "ide"
How do you name ionic compounds?
Name the metal ion (first one), then name non-metal ion and end element with suffix "ide"
What is the name for C9H5
Nonacarbon pentahydride
What is the formula and charge for hydroxide?
OH-
What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 6 electron dense areas?
Octahedral
What is the formula and charge for phosphite?
PO3 3-
What is the formula and charge for phosphate?
PO4 3-
What are the two types of covalent bonding?
Polar and nonpolar
What is mass/volume percent?
Ratio of solute's mass to solution's volume expressed as a percentage
What is the formula and charge for sulfite?
SO3 2-
What is the formula and charge for sulfate?
SO4 2-
A trigonal biypramidal with one lone pair has a molecular geometry of what?
Seesaw
What is the correct IUPAC name for AgI?
Silver iodide
An octahedral with two lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what
Square planar
An octahedral with one lone pair has a molecular geometry of what
Square pyramidal
A trigonal bipyramidal with two lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what?
T-shaped
An octahedral with three lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what
T-shaped
What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 4 electron dense areas?
Tetrahedral
How is bond length determined?
The distance at which the lowest potential energy is achieved
What are some properties of covalent compounds?
They have low melting temperatures and are poor conductors of electricity
Determine the correct formula for titanium(IV) chloride.
TiCl4
When would you use formal charges?
To determine a lewis structure
What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 5 electron dense areas?
Trigonal bipyramidal
What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 3 electron dense areas?
Trigonal planar
A tetrahedral with one lone pair has a molecular geometry of what?
Trigonal pyramidal
Formula mass for ionic compounds
Use ratio of elements instead
Comparison of bonding theories: Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital Theory
VBT: - considers bonds as localized - hybrid orbitals - forms sigma or pi bonds - predicts molecular shape MOT: - considers electrons delocalized - forms molecular orbitals; sigma, pi, sigma *, pi * - creates bonding and antibonding interactions - predicts arrangement of electrons
What is the volume percentage equation?
Volume of solute divided by volume of solution times 100
In an ionic bond, the metal becomes the _____, while the nonmetal becomes the ______
cation; anion
