Chem Test Chapters 4-6

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How do you determine the formal charge?

# of val e- - # of lone pairs - 0.5(# of bonded e-)

How do you find bond order?

1/2 (# bonding e- minus # antibonding e-)

What is the correct IUPAC name for AlBr₃?

Aluminum bromide

What is the correct name for Ba3(PO4)2?

Barium phosphate

A tetrahedral with two lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what?

Bent

A trigonal planar with one lone pair has a molecular geometry of what?

Bent

What is the formula and charge for carbonate?

CO3 2-

How do you find the empirical formula?

Convert elements' masses to moles, divide each # of moles by smallest # of moles, possibly multiply by integer

Is H-Cl a covalent or ionic bond?

Covalent

What type of bond forms between two nonmetals?

Covalent

What does valence bond theory state?

Covalent bonds form when orbitals overlap and electrons form electron pairs

What is the name for N2O4

Dinitrogen tetroxide

Formula mass for covalent compounds...

Equivalent to molar mass

What is the formula and charge for peroxide?

H2O2

What are some properties of ionic compounds?

High melting points, hard/brittle solids, nonconductors as solids, conductors when dissolved in liquid or are melted

Is Li-F a covalent or ionic bond?

Ionic

What type of bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal?

Ionic

If a molecule is symmetrical...

It is non polar

If a molecule is asymmetrical..

It is polar

A trigonal bipyramidal with three lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what

Linear

An octahedral with four lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what

Linear

What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 2 electron dense areas?

Linear

What is the dilution equation?

M1V1=M2V2

What is the mass percentage equation?

Mass of component divided by mass of solution times 100

What is ppm equation?

Mass of solute divided by mass of solution times 10^6

What is ppb equation?

Mass of solute divided by mass of solution times 10^9

What is the formula for finding the molecular formula?

Molar mass divided by empirical formula mass equals n formula units

What is molarity's formula?

Moles of solute divided by liters of solution

What is the formula and charge for ammonium?

NH4+

What is the formula and charge for nitrite?

NO2-

What is the formula and charge for nitrate?

NO3-

How do you name covalent compounds?

Name of more metallic element (further left and down) named first followed by name of more nonmetallic element with suffix change to -ide Numbers of each atom designated by prefixes

How do you name ionic compounds with variable charges?

Name the metal ion (first one), specify its charge with a roman numeral, then name non-metal ion and end element with suffix "ide"

How do you name ionic compounds?

Name the metal ion (first one), then name non-metal ion and end element with suffix "ide"

What is the name for C9H5

Nonacarbon pentahydride

What is the formula and charge for hydroxide?

OH-

What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 6 electron dense areas?

Octahedral

What is the formula and charge for phosphite?

PO3 3-

What is the formula and charge for phosphate?

PO4 3-

What are the two types of covalent bonding?

Polar and nonpolar

What is mass/volume percent?

Ratio of solute's mass to solution's volume expressed as a percentage

What is the formula and charge for sulfite?

SO3 2-

What is the formula and charge for sulfate?

SO4 2-

A trigonal biypramidal with one lone pair has a molecular geometry of what?

Seesaw

What is the correct IUPAC name for AgI?

Silver iodide

An octahedral with two lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what

Square planar

An octahedral with one lone pair has a molecular geometry of what

Square pyramidal

A trigonal bipyramidal with two lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what?

T-shaped

An octahedral with three lone pairs has a molecular geometry of what

T-shaped

What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 4 electron dense areas?

Tetrahedral

How is bond length determined?

The distance at which the lowest potential energy is achieved

What are some properties of covalent compounds?

They have low melting temperatures and are poor conductors of electricity

Determine the correct formula for titanium(IV) chloride.

TiCl4

When would you use formal charges?

To determine a lewis structure

What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 5 electron dense areas?

Trigonal bipyramidal

What is the electron pair geometry for a molecule with 3 electron dense areas?

Trigonal planar

A tetrahedral with one lone pair has a molecular geometry of what?

Trigonal pyramidal

Formula mass for ionic compounds

Use ratio of elements instead

Comparison of bonding theories: Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital Theory

VBT: - considers bonds as localized - hybrid orbitals - forms sigma or pi bonds - predicts molecular shape MOT: - considers electrons delocalized - forms molecular orbitals; sigma, pi, sigma *, pi * - creates bonding and antibonding interactions - predicts arrangement of electrons

What is the volume percentage equation?

Volume of solute divided by volume of solution times 100

In an ionic bond, the metal becomes the _____, while the nonmetal becomes the ______

cation; anion


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