Chemistry 160 - Exam 4

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Oxidation number =

# of valence electrons - (# shared e- + # of unshared e-)

How can we make lattice energy larger?

1. decrease distance b/w ions (smaller ions) 2. greater charge on ions

Electronegativity

Ability of atom to attract electrons away from other atoms in a compound

Born Haber Cycle

Allows for calculation of lattice energy - process of forming the compound from atoms in standard states

Magnetic properties: paramagnetism

Attracted to an external field (Not all 5 bond spots are full)

Metallic Behavior

Bottom left is most metallic Top right is least metallic

Which of the following is a covalent compound? a. Na2O b. CaCl2 c. Cl2O d. MgBr2

Cl2O

4 Exceptions to electron configuration

Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag

Least electronegative element

Cs

Most electronegative element

F

Which of the following atoms/ions will have the smallest radius? a) K+ b) K c) Ca2+ d) Ca e) Rb+

a) K+

Nonmetal oxides act like aN

acid

Which of the following elements will form a cation with a 2+ charge? a) Si b) Sr c) Ga d) Cs e) S

b) Sr

Which of the following compounds will have the highest lattice energy? a. RbBr b. LiF c. KCl d. LiCl e. RbCl

b. LiF

Metal oxides act like a

base

In which of these substances are the atoms held together by polar covalent bonding? a. SrCl2 b. CsCl c. ClF d. CaF2 e. S8

c. ClF

Which of the following elements is the most electronegative? a. O b. Li c. F d. I e. Cl

c. F (up and right)

Identify the element of Period 2 that has the following successive ionization energies, in kJ/mol 1E1, 1314 1E2, 3389 1E3, 5298 1E4, 7471 1E5, 10992 1E6, 13329 1E7, 71345 1E8, 84087 a. Li b. B c. O d. Ne e. none of these is correct

c. O

Which of the following contains ionic bonding? a. CO b. SrF2 c. Al d. OCl2 e. HCl

c. SrF2

Electronegativity is a measure of: a) the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom b) the energy released when an electron is added to an atom c) the magnitude of the negative charge on an electron d) the attraction by an atom for electrons in a chemical bond e) the magnitude of the negative charge on a molecule

d) the attraction by an atom for electrons in a chemical bond

Which of the following elements has the largest atomic size? a. Rn b. Ca c. Po d. Ba e. S

d. Ba

Exothermic reaction

e- is on the left side of the arrow & (g) + (g) = s

Endothermic reaction

e- is on the right side of the arrow

Which of the following atoms will be diamagnetic? a. Cr b. Ru c. Fe d. Pt e. Cd

e. Cd - [Kr]5s2(4)d10

Select the element with the greatest metallic character a. Li b. Ca c. Al d. Pb e. Cs

e. Cs

Electron Affinity

energy is required when a gaseous atom adds an e-

Ionization Energy

energy required to remove an electron *greatest at top right *lowest at bottom left

lattice energy

energy which holds ions together

Lattice Energy

k((Q+ x Q-)/(d))

Anions (-) are _________ than parent atoms. Electrons are ________ from the outer level.

larger, added

Metallic bond

metals with metals

Magnetic properties: Dimagnetic

not attracted to the field (All 5 bond spots are full)

Covalent Bond

sharing of e- between two or more nonmetals

The effective nuclear charge for an atom is less than the actual nuclear charge due to

shielding

Cations (+) are _________ than parent atoms. Electrons are ________ from the outer level.

smaller, removed

Ionic bonds

transfer of e- between metal and nonmetal

Determining Formal Charge

# Valence - # Lone e - # of bonds


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