Chemistry: Alkali Metals

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What are some observation to know when the reaction between Sodium and water occurs

- Sodium floats because less density - Sodium melts because low melting point - Fizzin cuz hydrogen gas made - Hydrogen not given off symetrically so sodium turns into hovercraft - Sodium is used up in Reaction

What are the main characteristics of Alkali Metals?

1. Their densities TEND to increase down the group 2. Melting points decrease down the group 3. The metals are soft and get softer down the group. They are silver when freshly cut but degrade quickly 4. They are very reactive as you go down the group

What is the formula for Potassium reaction with water

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) —> 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

Water reaction with sodium

2Na(s) + 3H2O(l) —> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

What is the equation for the reaction of Alkali Metals with oxygen

4M(s) + O2(g) —> 2M2O(s)

Why are the chemical properties of an alkali metal similar?

Because they have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.

What are alkali metals?

Group 1 elements found in the periodic table. They are very reactive, electropositive, monovalent metals forming strongly alkaline hydroxides

What happens to sodium when cut

It becomes shiny but tarnishes quickly

What are all Alkali Metals?

Lithium - Li Sodium - Na Potassium - K Caesium - Cs Francium - Fr

Does Lithium stay as pure Lithium when put in open air?

No, it turns into Lithium Oxide, thats why these elements are stored in oil

What form are group 1 elements

Normally solid but soluble in water

What is the rule for melting points of Alkali Metals

The Melting and Boiling points get lower as you move down the group

How do the metals react with water

The water splits into hydrogen and a hydroxide along with the metal

List 2 reasons why Alkali Metals are in the same group.

They all have 1 electron in their outer shell and they all have similar chemical properties.

What are the chemical properties of Alkali Metals?

They create oxides with the formula M2O (Na2O, K2O) They react with Water to form hydroxides using the formula MOH (LiOH, NaOH) and hydrogen They react with Halogens to form compounds with formula MX (LiCL, KBr) They form ionic compounds which M+ ion (Na+, K+) because metals usually have a positive charge

How and why do Alkali Metals become more reactive as you go down the periodic table?

This is because electrons have less attractive force the farther they are away from the nucleas so they are more easier to react with and lose. As you go down, the elements have more shells so more electrons can be lost easily

True or False: when cut, Lithium tends to tarnish slower than sodium

True, because it reacts slower

True or False: Francium is radioactive

True. No one has ever seen a piece of francium and an isotope is produced by Uranium.

What colour are the Metal ions?

White but can change colour depending on negative ion (Potassium Manganate is Purple because Manganate ion is purple)

How do you store the Alkali Metals

You have to store them under oil or in sealed glass tubes

What are isotopes?

atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. An example of this is the different isotopes of Uranium


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