Chemistry Chapter 11.4
Blast furnace
a structure consisting of a vertical, heat resistance furnace column filled with ore and fuel, the primary method of reducing iron ore to iron
Steel
an alloy of iron and carbon and small impurities
Carbon steels
are alloys of carbon and iron only
Case hardening
can be used to harden the surface of the steel while leaving the interior resilient
Carbon
coke
Tapped
drained from the furnace
Pyrite
fools gold
Quenching
hardens a piece of steel by heating the metal to red hot and quickly quenching it in water
Tempering
less brittle process, steal is moderately heated to a temperature and allowed to cool relieving stress
Direct iron reduction
method of iron reduction that does not use coke; instead uses natural gas to reduce iron ore
Cold working
one of the simplest ways to harden steel, in which metal is bent or hammered into its final shape during "cold" temperatures
Cast iron
pig iron cooled after being cast into molds
Electric air furnace
process an electric arc between giant carbon electrodes provides the heat to melt the metal and is 60% of the US steel production
Annealing
removing the stress from iron
Alloy steels
steels that contain other metals besides iron
Iron
the fourth most abundant element found in the earth's crust and the second most abundant metal and the cheapest and the most widely used metal
Hematite
the most common form of iron
Basic oxygen process
the process where pig iron from blast furnaces is refined to steel
rust
the reaction between iron and oxygen