Chemistry Chapter 11.4

Blast furnace

a structure consisting of a vertical, heat resistance furnace column filled with ore and fuel, the primary method of reducing iron ore to iron

Steel

an alloy of iron and carbon and small impurities

Carbon steels

are alloys of carbon and iron only

Case hardening

can be used to harden the surface of the steel while leaving the interior resilient

Carbon

coke

Tapped

drained from the furnace

Pyrite

fools gold

Quenching

hardens a piece of steel by heating the metal to red hot and quickly quenching it in water

Tempering

less brittle process, steal is moderately heated to a temperature and allowed to cool relieving stress

Direct iron reduction

method of iron reduction that does not use coke; instead uses natural gas to reduce iron ore

Cold working

one of the simplest ways to harden steel, in which metal is bent or hammered into its final shape during "cold" temperatures

Cast iron

pig iron cooled after being cast into molds

Electric air furnace

process an electric arc between giant carbon electrodes provides the heat to melt the metal and is 60% of the US steel production

Annealing

removing the stress from iron

Alloy steels

steels that contain other metals besides iron

Iron

the fourth most abundant element found in the earth's crust and the second most abundant metal and the cheapest and the most widely used metal

Hematite

the most common form of iron

Basic oxygen process

the process where pig iron from blast furnaces is refined to steel

rust

the reaction between iron and oxygen