Chemistry Chapter 14 Acids & Bases

"All aqueous acids are ______."

"All aqueous acids are electrolytes."

Define amphoteric.

Any species that can react as either an acid or a base is described as amphoteric.

Give several examples

Hydrogen Chloride

Give example of strong and weak bases.

Potassium Hydroxide is a strong base. Amonia is a weak base.

Define strong base

Strong bases are strong electrolytes.

Define diprotic acids

Sulfuric acid is the type of polyprotic acid that can donate two protons per molecule and it is therefore known as a diprotic acid.

Define conjugate acid. Give and example.

The species that is formed when a Bronsted-Lowry base gains a proton is the conjugate acid of that base. example is

Define conjugate base. Give an example.

The species that remains after a Bronsted-Lowry acid has given up a proton. Fluoride ion is an example.

Are organic acids weak or strong

They are generally weak acids.

Give a few examples with their names.

acetic acid and carbonic acid

Give a few examples.

hyrdofluoric acid, hydrogen fluroide

Are there strong and weak bases?

weak

"For most uses, scientist found the ________definition of acids and bases to be adequate."

"For most uses, scientist found the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases to be adequate."

"Molecular compounds containing -OH groups can be _______ or ______... Notice that as the number of oxygen atoms [bonded to the atom connected to the -OH group] increases, so does the ________ of the compound."

"Molecular compounds containing -OH groups can be acedic or amphoteric Notice that as the number of oxygen atoms [bonded to the atom connected to the -OH group] increases, so does the ________ of the compound."

"Oxyacids are one class of _____ acids, which are acids that contain ______different elements.

"Oxyacids are one class of ternary acids, which are acids that contain three different elements.

"The stronger an acid is, the ______ its conjugate base; the stronger a base is the _______ its conjugate acid."

"The stronger an acid is, the weaker its conjugate base; the stronger a base is the weaker its conjugate acid."

List the five properties of acids from p. 442.

1. Aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste. 2. Acids change the color of acid-base indicators. 3. Some acids react with active metals and release hydrogen gas, h2. 4. Acids react with bases to produce salts and water. 5. Acids conduct electric current.

List the five properties of bases from p. 445-556.

1. Aqueous solutions of bases taste bitter. 2. Bases change the color of acid-base indicators. 3. Dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel slipper. 4. Bases react with acids to produce sales and water. 5. Bases conduct electric current.

How do you name binary acids?

1. The name of a binary acid begins with the prefix hydro- 2. The root of the name of the second element follows this prefix. 3. The name then ends with the suffix -ic

Define a Bronsted-Lowry acid.

A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a molecule or ion that is a proton donor.

Define a Bronsted-Lowry base.

A Bronsted-Lowry base is a molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor.

Define binary acid.

A binary acid is an acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements.

Define Arrhenius acid.

A chemical compound th., in aqueous solution that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, H+

Define a Lewis acid and give and example

A lewis acid is an atom, ion, or molecule that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond.

What is a Lewis acid-base reaction ?

A lewis acid-base reaction is the formation of one or more covalent bonds between an electro -pair donor and an electron pair acceptor.

Define a Lewis base

A lewis base is an atom, ion or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond.

Define polyprotic acid and give examples

A polyprotic acid is an acid that can donate more than one proton. Example Sulfuric Acid.

What is a salt?

A salt is an ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and anion from an acid.

Define strong acids

A strong acid is one that ionizes completely in a aqueous solution.

Define Arrhenius base

A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH-, in aqueous solution.

Acids taste _______.

Acids taste sour.

Define weak acids

An acid that releases few hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

H3PO4 Phosphoric acid

Base formula KOH. Base name Potassium hydroxide.

CH3COOH Acetic acid

Base formula LiOH. Base name Lithium hyroxide.

H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid

Base formula NH4OH. Base name Ammonium hydroxide

HCI Hydrochloric acid

Base formula NaOH. Base name Sodium Hydroxide

Bases are commonly found in _____ ____. List some cleaners that contain bases and the names of those bases.

Bases are commonly found in household cleaners. List some cleaners that contain bases and the names of those bases. Amonia, Lye, and baking soda.

Which acid-base theory is involved when talking about conjugate acids and bases?

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

What happens as a result of acid rain?

Fish are eliminated from lakes and streams.

Give example of both

Hydrocholoric acid is an example of a strong acid and organic acids like acetic acids are an example of a weak acid.

Which ion do both of these reactions produce?

Hydronium ions

Define neutralization.

In aqueous solutions, neutralization is the reaction of hydroronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules.

Define monoprotic acid and give examples.

Monoprotic acid is an acid that can donate only one proton. Example Nitric Acid.

Which gases produce acid rain?

N0, NO2, CO 2, SO2 and SO3

Define tripotic acids

Phosphoric acid is the type of polyprotic acid known as a triprotic acid - and acid able to donate three protons per molecule.

What happens in Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reactions?

Protons are transferred from one reactant (the acid) to another (the base).

Copy the 2 equations from P. 447, which show the ionization of 2 different acids in a water solution.

See Page 447

Copy the two equations from page 460 that show water acting as an acid in one case, and a base in another.

See Page 460

Show the equation of the reaction of boron trifluride with ammonia, including electron dots from the top of page 456.

See the book page 456

Define weak base

Weak Bases are weak electrolytes.

define organic acids

acids that contain acidic carboxyl group

Give an example

ammonia

Memorize acid formula and acid names for quiz

see below

List some foods that contain acids and the names of those acids.

sour milk is lactic acid. Vinegar contains acetic acid.

For what is each of the following industrial acids used: sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, hydrocholic, acetic?

sulfuric is used for manufacturing fertilizer nitric is used for Explosives phosphoricis used for Animal feed and fertilizer hydrocholic is used for Pickling Iron and Steel acetic is used for make White Vinegar