Chemistry Chapter 7 study guide
The correct formula for ammonium phosphate is
(NH4)3PO4.
What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in H2O?
+1
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in H2O2?
-1
what is the oxidation number for hydrogen in compounds containing metals?
-1
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in CO2?
-2
What is the oxidation of a pure element?
0
What is the mass of 0.240 mol glucose, C6H12O6
0.240 x 180.24=43.2 g
Which of the following shows the percentage composition of H2SO4?
2.1% H, 32.7% S, 65.2% O
The molar mass of NH3 is 17.03 g/mol. How many moles of NH3 are present in 107.1 g?
6.289 mol
The molar mass of CS2 is 76.15 g/mol. How many grams of CS2 are present in 10.00 mol?
761.5 g
C5H10O5NNa
A 175.0 g sample of a compound contains 56.15 g C, 9.43 g H, 74.81 g O, 13.11 g N, and 21.49 g Na.. What is the compounds imperical formula
C3H6
A compound with a formula mass of 42.08 amu is found to be 85.64% carbon and 14.36% hydrogen by mass. Find its molecular formula.
The correct formula for ammonium phosphate is A. (NH4)3PO4. B. (NH4)2PO4. C. NH4PO4. D. NH4(PO4)2.
A. (NH4)3PO4.
The molecular formula for acetylene is C2H2. The molecular formula for benzene is C6H6. The empirical formula for both is A. CH. B. C2H2. C. C6H6. D. (CH)2.
A. CH.
C2H3O2^1-
Acetate
What is the formula for aluminum sulfate?
Al2SO4
NH4^1+
Ammonium
salt
An ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion
Salt
An ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion from an acid is...
binary acids
Are acids that consist of two elements, usually hydrogen, and one of the halogens.
oxyacids
Are acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element usually a nonmetal.
+2, -2
Assign Oxidation number to S2O3-2.
+5, -2, +5, -2, +6, -2
Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the following ions: NO3- PO4-3 Cr2O7-2
Which of the following shows the percentage composition of H2SO4? A. 2.5% H, 39.1% S, 58.5% O B. 2.1% H, 32.7% S, 65.2% O C. 28.6% H, 14.3% S, 57.1% O D. 33.3% H, 16.7% S, 50% O
B. 2.1% H, 32.7% S, 65.2% O
bromate
BrO₃⁻
Which of the following is the correct formula for iron(III) sulfate? A. Fe3SO4 B. Fe3(SO4)2 C. Fe2(SO4)3 D. 3FeSO4
C. Fe2(SO4)3
Which of the following compounds has the highest percentage of oxygen? A. CH4O B. CO2 C. H2O D. Na2CO3
C. H2O
The empirical formula for a compound that is 1.2% H, 42.0% Cl, and 56.8% O is A. HClO. B. HClO2. C. HClO3. D. HClO4.
C. HClO3
When writing the formula for a compound that contains a polyatomic ion, A. write the anion's formula first. B. use superscripts to show the number of polyatomic ions present. C. use parentheses if the number of polyatomic ions is greater than 1. D. always place the polyatomic ion in parentheses.
C. use parentheses if the number of polyatomic ions is greater than 1.
Carbon TetraChloride
CCl4 is called...
The molecular formula for acetylene is C2H2. The molecular formula for benzene is C6H6. The empirical formula for both is
CH
cyanide
CN⁻
Carbon Dioxide
CO2 is called...
carbonate
CO₃²⁻
Calcium Bromide
CaBr2 is called...
CS2
Carbon (IV) Sulfide is written as...
ClO3^1-
Chlorate
chlorate
ClO₃⁻
CaS
Compound formed between Calcium and Sulfur.
CrF2
Cr+2 and F- form the compound written as...
chromate
CrO₄²⁻
dichromate
Cr₂O₇²⁻
acetate
C₂H₃O₂⁻ CH3COO-
Which of the following compounds does not contain a polyatomic ion? A. sodium carbonate B. sodium sulfate C. sodium sulfite D. sodium sulfide
D. sodium sulfide
2 mol Al, 3 mol CrO4
Determine the amount of moles for Al2(CrO4)3
AgNO3
Determine the empirical formula of a compound containing 63.5% silver, 8.25% Nitrogen, and 28.25% Oxygen
C2H6O
Determine the empirical formula of a compound found to contain 52.11% Carbon, 13.14% Hydrogen, and 34.75% Oxygen
207.29 amu, 264.36 amu
Determine the formula mass and molar mass of XeF4 and C12H24O6.
180.18 amu
Determine the formula mass for Glucose (C6H12O6)
18.05 amu
Determine the formula mass of the ammonium ion (NH4+)
85.45 amu
Determine the formula mass of the chlorate ion (CLO3-)
2 mol Na, 1 mol SO4-2
Determine the number of moles for Na2SO4.
.25 mol, .3627 mol
Determine the number of moles from: 4.5 g H2O (Water) 129.68 g Fe3(PO4)2
39.34%Na, 60.66 % Cl 41.68% Mg, 54.86% O, 3.46% H
Determine the percentage composition of each of the following compounds: NaCl Mg(OH)2
Which of the following is the correct formula for iron(III) sulfate?
Fe2(SO4)3
Fe2O3
Fe3+ and O2- form the compound known as...
mono
Greek prefix for 1 with covalent bonding
deca
Greek prefix for 10 with covalent bonding
di
Greek prefix for 2 with covalent bonding
tri
Greek prefix for 3 with covalent bonding
tetra
Greek prefix for 4 with covalent bonding
penta
Greek prefix for 5 with covalent bonding
hexa
Greek prefix for 6 with covalent bonding
hepta
Greek prefix for 7 with covalent bonding
octa
Greek prefix for 8 with covalent bonding
nona
Greek prefix for 9 with covalent bonding
Which of the following compounds has the highest percentage of oxygen?
H2O
hydrobromic acid
HBr
hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
HCO₃⁻
hydrochloric acid
HCl
The empirical formula for a compound that is 1.2% H, 42.0% Cl, and 56.8% O is
HClO3.
acetic acid
HC₂H₃O₂, CH₃COOH
hydrofluoric acid
HF
hydriodic acid
HI
nitric acid
HNO₃
1, 3, 5, 7
How many atoms of each element are contained in Fe(CHO2)3 * H2O. Fe: C: H: O:
OH^1-
Hydroxide
carbonic acid
H₂CO₃
sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
phosphoric acid
H₃PO₄
oxidation numbers
In order to indicate the general distribution of electrons among the bonded atoms in a molecular compound or a polyatomic ion
oxidation number
In order to indicate the general distribution of electrons among the bonded atoms in a molecular compound or a polyatomic ion, ______ are assigned to the atoms composing the compound or ion.
-ite (tiny like a mite)
In oxyanions: The ion with less oxygen is given the ending: -
-ate (I ate too much; more)
In oxyanions: The ion with more oxygen is given this ending: -
amu
In what unit is formula mass expressed?
Ca2+
Ion most commonly formed by Calcium (Ca)
Cl-
Ion most commonly formed by Chlorine (Cl)
K+
Ion most commonly formed by Potassium (K)?
What type of compound cannot be represented by a molecular formula? Explain
Ionic compound because it is not made up of molecules
monatomic ions
Ions formed from a single atom are known as ______________.
Potassium Chloride
KCl is called...
58.44 g, 36.04 g
List the mass in grams for 1 mol of NaCl and 2 mol of H2O.
Li3N
Lithium nitride is written as...
permanganate
MnO₄⁻
What is the formula for dinitrogen trioxide?
N2O2
ammonium
NH₄⁺
nitrite
NO₂⁻
nitrate
NO₃⁻
Nitrous Acid, Hydroiodic acid
Name each of the following acids and assign oxidation numbers to the atoms in each: HNO2 HI
Sodium Chloride, Cobalt (II)Trinitrate, Mercury (II) Phosphate
Name each of the following ionic compounds by the stock system: NaCl Co(NO3)2 Hg3(PO4)2
Tin (II), Iron (III), Pb (II)
Name each of the following ions according to the stock system: Sn2+ Fe3+ Pb2+
Potassium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Chloride, Oxide, Calcium
Name each of the monatomic ions: K+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2- Ca2+
Sulfuric Acid
Name the acid: H2SO4
Hydrofluoric Acid
Name the acid: HF
Name the compound Ni(ClO3)2......
Nickel (II) chlorate
Name the compound N2O2 using the stock system....
Nitrogen (II) oxide
hydroxide
OH⁻
peroxide
O₂²¯
phosphate
PO₄³⁻
PI3
Phosphorous (III) Iodide is written as...
What is the formula for sulfur dichloride?
SCl2
What is the formula for the compound sulfur (II) chloride?
SCl2
sulfite
SO₃²⁻
sulfate
SO₄²⁻
NaI
Sodium and Iodine formula
formula mass
The _________ of any molecule, formula unit, or ion is the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula.
In a stock system name such as iron (III) sulfate, the Roman numeral tells us.....
The charge on each Fe ion
CBr4
The formula for carbon tetrabromide is...
percentage composition
The percentage by mass of each element in a compound
What are Stock system names based on?
What are Stock system names based on?
+4,-2, +5, -2, +1, +5, -2
What are the oxidations numbers for: GeS2 As2O5 H3PO4
Stock System and Prefix System
What determines the order in which the component elements of binary molecular compounds are written?
C4H8O4
What is the molecular formula of the molecule that has an empirical formula of CH2O and a molar mass of 120.12g/mol?
Oxyacids, Binary Acids
What's the difference between binary acids and oxyacids? Acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element (Usually a nonmetal) are called __________. Acids that consist of two elements, usually hydrogen and one of the halogens--fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine are called ___________.
AlF3, V2O5, SrBr2
Write the chemical formulas for: aluminum fluoride vanadium (V) oxide Strontium bromide
Na+
Write the formula and charge for a Sodium Ion.
Fe2+ and Fe3+
Write the formula for an Iron (II) Ion and an Iron (III) Ion.
Al3+
Write the formula for an aluminum ion.
ZnCl2
Zinc and Chlorine form a compound that is written like...
Name the compound Zn3(PO4)2.....
Zinc phosphate
vinegar
acetic acid, HC₂H₃O₂, CH₃COOH
binary acids
acids that consist of two elements
oxyacids
acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element
ammonia
ammonia, NH₃
The correct name for NH4CH3COO is
ammonium acetate.
The correct name for NH4CH3COO is A. ammonium carbonate. B. ammonium hydroxide. C. ammonium acetate. D. ammonium nitrate
ammonium acetate.
monatomic ion
an ion formed from a single atom. (remember to change nonmetals to -ide ending)
salt
an ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion from an acid
salt
an ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion from an acid is often referred to as a salt
oxidation states
are assigned to the atoms composing the compound or ion
oxidation numbers/oxidation states
assigned to the atoms composing the compound or ion
.......are composed of metals and nonmetals, typically opposite sides of the periodic table.
binary ionic compounds
chalk (old), egg shells
calcium carbonate, CaCO₃
limeston, marble
calcium carbonate, CaCO₃
Name the compound CCl4 using the stock system...
carbon (IV) chloride
dry ice
carbon dioxide, CO₂
CO3^2-
carbonate
Changing a subscript in a correctly written chemical formula....
changes the formula so that it no longer represents the compound it previously represented
CrO4^2-
chromate
binary compounds
compounds composed of two different elements; (compounds of 2 elements between metal (positive, s-block and p-block) and nonmetal (negative); metal is always listed first; change nonmetal to -ide ending)
binary compounds
compounds composed of two elements
empiracl formula
consists of symbols for the elements combined in a compound, with subscripts showing the smallest whole number mole ratio of the different atoms in the compound
empirical formula
consists of the symbols for the elements combined in a compound. With subscripts showing the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the different atoms in the compound.
CN^1-
cyanide
Name the molecular compound N2O3.....
dinitrogen trioxide
acid
distinct type of molecular compound; would show up on pH scale as a value below 7
A negative monatomic ion is named by
dropping parts of the ending of the element's name and adding -ide to the root
drink to get loopy
ethanol
alcohol, grain
ethanol, C₂H5OH
What is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula for a compound?
formula mass
Grams-moles
grams x 1/molar mass = moles
muriatic acid
hydrochloric acid, HCl
HCO3^1-
hydrogen carbonate
monatomic ions
ions formed from a single atoms
milk of magnesia
magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂
epsom salts
magnesium sulfate, MgSO₄ ; 7H₂O ( ; = with)
natural gas
methane, CH₄
die if you drink it
methanol
alcohol, wood
methanol, CH₃OH
The molar has of an element is the mass of one...
mole of the element
moles-molecules
moles x 6.022 x 10^23= molecules
moles-grams
moles x molar mass =grams
Ions formed from a single atom
monatomic ions
A positive monatomic ion is identified by
name of the appropriate element
nomenclature
naming system
anions
negative ions
NO3^1-
nitrate
What is the stock system name for NO2?
nitrogen (II) Oxide
laughing gas
nitrous oxide, N₂O
binary molecular compounds
nonmetal to nonmetal; covalent bonds; uses Greek prefixes
covalently bonded binary molecular compounds are typically composed of.....
nonmetals
formula mass
of any molecule, formula unit, or ion is the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula
C2O4^2-
oxalate
MnO4^1-
permanganate
PO4^3-
phosphate
oxyanions
polyatomic ions that contain oxygen
cations
positive ions
empirical formula
shows the lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound;
sand quartz
silicon dioxide, SiO₂
baking soda
sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃
lye, drain cleaner
sodium hydroxide, NaOH
Which of the following compounds does not contain a polyatomic ion?
sodium sulfide
Stock system
specifically used for d-block elements, use Roman numeral to describe charge of metal, use periodic charge to find charge of nonmetal
SO4^2-
sulfate
Name the molecular compound for SO3....
sulfur trioxide
molar mass =
sum of all atomic mass
formula mass
sum of average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula
molecular formula
the actual formula of a molecular compound
oxidation states
the condition of an atom expressed by the number of electrons that the atom needs to reach its elemental form
oxidation numbers
the number assigned to an element that indicates the degree to which electrons are lost by an atom and therefore helps identify which compound is present
The subscripts in a chemical formula indicate....
the number of atoms that are combined in the compound
percentage composition
the percentage by mass of each element in a compound
formula mass
the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in the formula of any molecule, formula unit, or ion
molar mass
units are g/mol; calculated like formula mass; converts g to mol or vice versa
When writing the formula for a compound that contains a polyatomic ion,
use parentheses if the number of polyatomic ions is greater than 1.
Greek prefixes
used to name molecules with covalent bonds
has 4% solution of acetic acid
vinegar