Chemistry Chapter 7 study guide

The correct formula for ammonium phosphate is

(NH4)3PO4.

What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in H2O?

+1

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in H2O2?

-1

what is the oxidation number for hydrogen in compounds containing metals?

-1

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in CO2?

-2

What is the oxidation of a pure element?

0

What is the mass of 0.240 mol glucose, C6H12O6

0.240 x 180.24=43.2 g

Which of the following shows the percentage composition of H2SO4?

2.1% H, 32.7% S, 65.2% O

The molar mass of NH3 is 17.03 g/mol. How many moles of NH3 are present in 107.1 g?

6.289 mol

The molar mass of CS2 is 76.15 g/mol. How many grams of CS2 are present in 10.00 mol?

761.5 g

C5H10O5NNa

A 175.0 g sample of a compound contains 56.15 g C, 9.43 g H, 74.81 g O, 13.11 g N, and 21.49 g Na.. What is the compounds imperical formula

C3H6

A compound with a formula mass of 42.08 amu is found to be 85.64% carbon and 14.36% hydrogen by mass. Find its molecular formula.

The correct formula for ammonium phosphate is A. (NH4)3PO4. B. (NH4)2PO4. C. NH4PO4. D. NH4(PO4)2.

A. (NH4)3PO4.

The molecular formula for acetylene is C2H2. The molecular formula for benzene is C6H6. The empirical formula for both is A. CH. B. C2H2. C. C6H6. D. (CH)2.

A. CH.

C2H3O2^1-

Acetate

What is the formula for aluminum sulfate?

Al2SO4

NH4^1+

Ammonium

salt

An ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion

Salt

An ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion from an acid is...

binary acids

Are acids that consist of two elements, usually hydrogen, and one of the halogens.

oxyacids

Are acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element usually a nonmetal.

+2, -2

Assign Oxidation number to S2O3-2.

+5, -2, +5, -2, +6, -2

Assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the following ions: NO3- PO4-3 Cr2O7-2

Which of the following shows the percentage composition of H2SO4? A. 2.5% H, 39.1% S, 58.5% O B. 2.1% H, 32.7% S, 65.2% O C. 28.6% H, 14.3% S, 57.1% O D. 33.3% H, 16.7% S, 50% O

B. 2.1% H, 32.7% S, 65.2% O

bromate

BrO₃⁻

Which of the following is the correct formula for iron(III) sulfate? A. Fe3SO4 B. Fe3(SO4)2 C. Fe2(SO4)3 D. 3FeSO4

C. Fe2(SO4)3

Which of the following compounds has the highest percentage of oxygen? A. CH4O B. CO2 C. H2O D. Na2CO3

C. H2O

The empirical formula for a compound that is 1.2% H, 42.0% Cl, and 56.8% O is A. HClO. B. HClO2. C. HClO3. D. HClO4.

C. HClO3

When writing the formula for a compound that contains a polyatomic ion, A. write the anion's formula first. B. use superscripts to show the number of polyatomic ions present. C. use parentheses if the number of polyatomic ions is greater than 1. D. always place the polyatomic ion in parentheses.

C. use parentheses if the number of polyatomic ions is greater than 1.

Carbon TetraChloride

CCl4 is called...

The molecular formula for acetylene is C2H2. The molecular formula for benzene is C6H6. The empirical formula for both is

CH

cyanide

CN⁻

Carbon Dioxide

CO2 is called...

carbonate

CO₃²⁻

Calcium Bromide

CaBr2 is called...

CS2

Carbon (IV) Sulfide is written as...

ClO3^1-

Chlorate

chlorate

ClO₃⁻

CaS

Compound formed between Calcium and Sulfur.

CrF2

Cr+2 and F- form the compound written as...

chromate

CrO₄²⁻

dichromate

Cr₂O₇²⁻

acetate

C₂H₃O₂⁻ CH3COO-

Which of the following compounds does not contain a polyatomic ion? A. sodium carbonate B. sodium sulfate C. sodium sulfite D. sodium sulfide

D. sodium sulfide

2 mol Al, 3 mol CrO4

Determine the amount of moles for Al2(CrO4)3

AgNO3

Determine the empirical formula of a compound containing 63.5% silver, 8.25% Nitrogen, and 28.25% Oxygen

C2H6O

Determine the empirical formula of a compound found to contain 52.11% Carbon, 13.14% Hydrogen, and 34.75% Oxygen

207.29 amu, 264.36 amu

Determine the formula mass and molar mass of XeF4 and C12H24O6.

180.18 amu

Determine the formula mass for Glucose (C6H12O6)

18.05 amu

Determine the formula mass of the ammonium ion (NH4+)

85.45 amu

Determine the formula mass of the chlorate ion (CLO3-)

2 mol Na, 1 mol SO4-2

Determine the number of moles for Na2SO4.

.25 mol, .3627 mol

Determine the number of moles from: 4.5 g H2O (Water) 129.68 g Fe3(PO4)2

39.34%Na, 60.66 % Cl 41.68% Mg, 54.86% O, 3.46% H

Determine the percentage composition of each of the following compounds: NaCl Mg(OH)2

Which of the following is the correct formula for iron(III) sulfate?

Fe2(SO4)3

Fe2O3

Fe3+ and O2- form the compound known as...

mono

Greek prefix for 1 with covalent bonding

deca

Greek prefix for 10 with covalent bonding

di

Greek prefix for 2 with covalent bonding

tri

Greek prefix for 3 with covalent bonding

tetra

Greek prefix for 4 with covalent bonding

penta

Greek prefix for 5 with covalent bonding

hexa

Greek prefix for 6 with covalent bonding

hepta

Greek prefix for 7 with covalent bonding

octa

Greek prefix for 8 with covalent bonding

nona

Greek prefix for 9 with covalent bonding

Which of the following compounds has the highest percentage of oxygen?

H2O

hydrobromic acid

HBr

hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

HCO₃⁻

hydrochloric acid

HCl

The empirical formula for a compound that is 1.2% H, 42.0% Cl, and 56.8% O is

HClO3.

acetic acid

HC₂H₃O₂, CH₃COOH

hydrofluoric acid

HF

hydriodic acid

HI

nitric acid

HNO₃

1, 3, 5, 7

How many atoms of each element are contained in Fe(CHO2)3 * H2O. Fe: C: H: O:

OH^1-

Hydroxide

carbonic acid

H₂CO₃

sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

phosphoric acid

H₃PO₄

oxidation numbers

In order to indicate the general distribution of electrons among the bonded atoms in a molecular compound or a polyatomic ion

oxidation number

In order to indicate the general distribution of electrons among the bonded atoms in a molecular compound or a polyatomic ion, ______ are assigned to the atoms composing the compound or ion.

-ite (tiny like a mite)

In oxyanions: The ion with less oxygen is given the ending: -

-ate (I ate too much; more)

In oxyanions: The ion with more oxygen is given this ending: -

amu

In what unit is formula mass expressed?

Ca2+

Ion most commonly formed by Calcium (Ca)

Cl-

Ion most commonly formed by Chlorine (Cl)

K+

Ion most commonly formed by Potassium (K)?

What type of compound cannot be represented by a molecular formula? Explain

Ionic compound because it is not made up of molecules

monatomic ions

Ions formed from a single atom are known as ______________.

Potassium Chloride

KCl is called...

58.44 g, 36.04 g

List the mass in grams for 1 mol of NaCl and 2 mol of H2O.

Li3N

Lithium nitride is written as...

permanganate

MnO₄⁻

What is the formula for dinitrogen trioxide?

N2O2

ammonium

NH₄⁺

nitrite

NO₂⁻

nitrate

NO₃⁻

Nitrous Acid, Hydroiodic acid

Name each of the following acids and assign oxidation numbers to the atoms in each: HNO2 HI

Sodium Chloride, Cobalt (II)Trinitrate, Mercury (II) Phosphate

Name each of the following ionic compounds by the stock system: NaCl Co(NO3)2 Hg3(PO4)2

Tin (II), Iron (III), Pb (II)

Name each of the following ions according to the stock system: Sn2+ Fe3+ Pb2+

Potassium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Chloride, Oxide, Calcium

Name each of the monatomic ions: K+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2- Ca2+

Sulfuric Acid

Name the acid: H2SO4

Hydrofluoric Acid

Name the acid: HF

Name the compound Ni(ClO3)2......

Nickel (II) chlorate

Name the compound N2O2 using the stock system....

Nitrogen (II) oxide

hydroxide

OH⁻

peroxide

O₂²¯

phosphate

PO₄³⁻

PI3

Phosphorous (III) Iodide is written as...

What is the formula for sulfur dichloride?

SCl2

What is the formula for the compound sulfur (II) chloride?

SCl2

sulfite

SO₃²⁻

sulfate

SO₄²⁻

NaI

Sodium and Iodine formula

formula mass

The _________ of any molecule, formula unit, or ion is the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula.

In a stock system name such as iron (III) sulfate, the Roman numeral tells us.....

The charge on each Fe ion

CBr4

The formula for carbon tetrabromide is...

percentage composition

The percentage by mass of each element in a compound

What are Stock system names based on?

What are Stock system names based on?

+4,-2, +5, -2, +1, +5, -2

What are the oxidations numbers for: GeS2 As2O5 H3PO4

Stock System and Prefix System

What determines the order in which the component elements of binary molecular compounds are written?

C4H8O4

What is the molecular formula of the molecule that has an empirical formula of CH2O and a molar mass of 120.12g/mol?

Oxyacids, Binary Acids

What's the difference between binary acids and oxyacids? Acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element (Usually a nonmetal) are called __________. Acids that consist of two elements, usually hydrogen and one of the halogens--fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine are called ___________.

AlF3, V2O5, SrBr2

Write the chemical formulas for: aluminum fluoride vanadium (V) oxide Strontium bromide

Na+

Write the formula and charge for a Sodium Ion.

Fe2+ and Fe3+

Write the formula for an Iron (II) Ion and an Iron (III) Ion.

Al3+

Write the formula for an aluminum ion.

ZnCl2

Zinc and Chlorine form a compound that is written like...

Name the compound Zn3(PO4)2.....

Zinc phosphate

vinegar

acetic acid, HC₂H₃O₂, CH₃COOH

binary acids

acids that consist of two elements

oxyacids

acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element

ammonia

ammonia, NH₃

The correct name for NH4CH3COO is

ammonium acetate.

The correct name for NH4CH3COO is A. ammonium carbonate. B. ammonium hydroxide. C. ammonium acetate. D. ammonium nitrate

ammonium acetate.

monatomic ion

an ion formed from a single atom. (remember to change nonmetals to -ide ending)

salt

an ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion from an acid

salt

an ionic compound composed of a cation and the anion from an acid is often referred to as a salt

oxidation states

are assigned to the atoms composing the compound or ion

oxidation numbers/oxidation states

assigned to the atoms composing the compound or ion

.......are composed of metals and nonmetals, typically opposite sides of the periodic table.

binary ionic compounds

chalk (old), egg shells

calcium carbonate, CaCO₃

limeston, marble

calcium carbonate, CaCO₃

Name the compound CCl4 using the stock system...

carbon (IV) chloride

dry ice

carbon dioxide, CO₂

CO3^2-

carbonate

Changing a subscript in a correctly written chemical formula....

changes the formula so that it no longer represents the compound it previously represented

CrO4^2-

chromate

binary compounds

compounds composed of two different elements; (compounds of 2 elements between metal (positive, s-block and p-block) and nonmetal (negative); metal is always listed first; change nonmetal to -ide ending)

binary compounds

compounds composed of two elements

empiracl formula

consists of symbols for the elements combined in a compound, with subscripts showing the smallest whole number mole ratio of the different atoms in the compound

empirical formula

consists of the symbols for the elements combined in a compound. With subscripts showing the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the different atoms in the compound.

CN^1-

cyanide

Name the molecular compound N2O3.....

dinitrogen trioxide

acid

distinct type of molecular compound; would show up on pH scale as a value below 7

A negative monatomic ion is named by

dropping parts of the ending of the element's name and adding -ide to the root

drink to get loopy

ethanol

alcohol, grain

ethanol, C₂H5OH

What is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a formula for a compound?

formula mass

Grams-moles

grams x 1/molar mass = moles

muriatic acid

hydrochloric acid, HCl

HCO3^1-

hydrogen carbonate

monatomic ions

ions formed from a single atoms

milk of magnesia

magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)₂

epsom salts

magnesium sulfate, MgSO₄ ; 7H₂O ( ; = with)

natural gas

methane, CH₄

die if you drink it

methanol

alcohol, wood

methanol, CH₃OH

The molar has of an element is the mass of one...

mole of the element

moles-molecules

moles x 6.022 x 10^23= molecules

moles-grams

moles x molar mass =grams

Ions formed from a single atom

monatomic ions

A positive monatomic ion is identified by

name of the appropriate element

nomenclature

naming system

anions

negative ions

NO3^1-

nitrate

What is the stock system name for NO2?

nitrogen (II) Oxide

laughing gas

nitrous oxide, N₂O

binary molecular compounds

nonmetal to nonmetal; covalent bonds; uses Greek prefixes

covalently bonded binary molecular compounds are typically composed of.....

nonmetals

formula mass

of any molecule, formula unit, or ion is the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula

C2O4^2-

oxalate

MnO4^1-

permanganate

PO4^3-

phosphate

oxyanions

polyatomic ions that contain oxygen

cations

positive ions

empirical formula

shows the lowest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound;

sand quartz

silicon dioxide, SiO₂

baking soda

sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃

lye, drain cleaner

sodium hydroxide, NaOH

Which of the following compounds does not contain a polyatomic ion?

sodium sulfide

Stock system

specifically used for d-block elements, use Roman numeral to describe charge of metal, use periodic charge to find charge of nonmetal

SO4^2-

sulfate

Name the molecular compound for SO3....

sulfur trioxide

molar mass =

sum of all atomic mass

formula mass

sum of average atomic masses of all atoms represented in its formula

molecular formula

the actual formula of a molecular compound

oxidation states

the condition of an atom expressed by the number of electrons that the atom needs to reach its elemental form

oxidation numbers

the number assigned to an element that indicates the degree to which electrons are lost by an atom and therefore helps identify which compound is present

The subscripts in a chemical formula indicate....

the number of atoms that are combined in the compound

percentage composition

the percentage by mass of each element in a compound

formula mass

the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms represented in the formula of any molecule, formula unit, or ion

molar mass

units are g/mol; calculated like formula mass; converts g to mol or vice versa

When writing the formula for a compound that contains a polyatomic ion,

use parentheses if the number of polyatomic ions is greater than 1.

Greek prefixes

used to name molecules with covalent bonds

has 4% solution of acetic acid

vinegar