Chemistry ( molarity, Molality, osmolarity, osmolality,normaity)

Osmole (units) per solution

amount of a substance that dissolves in solution to form 1 mole of osmotically active particles (ie) Nacl dissolved in on liter of water becomes two separate particles Na+ and Cl- ions thus = 2 osmol/L

Avogadro

scientist who worked with and determined the proportion of particles in 1 mole

Osmolality (osmol/kg)

the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram.

Normality

the number of equivalents of a substance dissolved in a liter of solution https://youtu.be/QCZMyx_557I

Avogadro's number

number of representative particles in a mole, 6.02 X 10^23

Solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Tonacity Vs Osmolarity

Both compare the solute concentration of two solutions separated by a membrane. ** Tonacity only considers the the concentration of non penetrating solutes *** Osmolarity considers the concentration of both penetrating and non penetration solutes

Osmolarity (Osm)

Measure of total concentration of solute particles ** Ionic compounds (ie) salts Disassociate in a solution into there constituent ion (NaCl = Na+ ion and Cl- Ion) yielding 2 Osmoles of solute particles *** Non ionic compounds do not disassociate and Yield 1 Osmole of solute per 1 mole of solute ( 1 mole glucose = 1 Osmole)

Molarity (M)

Number of mole of a solute dissolved in a liter solution. (ie) NaCl = 58.44 dissolved in a one liter volmetric flask = 1 molar solution

Tonacity

The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water.

Mole

The mole is defined as the amount of substance containing the same number of chemical units

Molality (m)

The number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of solvent (ie) NaCl = 58.44 dissolved in 1kg of water = 1 molal (m) solution

Stoichiometry

The relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers.