chemistry online

extension of the elbow joint

actions of the triceps brachii lateral and medial head:

middle trap, lower trap, rhomboids, (weak adduction-levator scapulae )

adduction:

which type of intermolecular forces are the strongest in CH3Cl?

dipole-dipole interactions

One pascal is equivalent to:

1 N/m^2

Which object has the most gravitational potential energy?

an airplane in mid-flight

Stronger dipole-dipole interactions will typically result in a :

higher boiling point

Which element is NOT abbreviated based on an ancient name?

radium (Ra)

As we protract how will the clavicle move arthrokinematicly?

clavicle will roll anterior and slide anterior concave on convex

The thigh is divided into 3 compartments by what?

intermuscular septa or connective tissue (divides what?)

In a thermochemical equation, if the chemical equation is reversed in direction, the change enthalpy must be:

reversed in sign

the pec minor originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

ribs, coracoid process

Colloids exhibit properties that are in between:

suspensions and solutions

Intermolecular forces that occur between neutral atoms and molecules are called:

van der Waals forces

What can be used to represent bond dipole moments?

vector

Rotary motions occur about a _____________ axis in the region of the AC joint

vertical

For an atom, electrostatic potential is also called:

Coulomb potential

Most commonly injured in the shoulder

Acromiclavicular joint

O: upper 9 ribs at the side of the chest I: Anterior aspect of medial border of the scapula

O/I serratus anterior

O: Superior aspect of 1st rib at its junction with its costal cartilage I: Inferior groove in the midportion of the clavicle

O/I subclavius

Choose the options below that are true statements about colloids

They are often cloudy or opaque. They are mixtures

Carbonates are typically insoluble, but one exception would be a carbonate containing what kind of cation?

ammonium

a bruise is also known as a ___

contustion

the interphalangeal is a ___ joint

hinge

Where should the superior angle of the scapula located in static posture?

T2

A molecule has:

length mass volume

Which of the following stays constant when diluting a solution?

amount of solute

as the elbow flexes past __ degrees, stability decreases

20 degrees

Scapular motion in overhead reach

2:1 ratio after 30 degrees

All positively charged ions are called __________. Select the correct answer below: A. cations B. anions C. protons D. electrons

A. cations. Explanation: Cats have paws, making them paws-ative.

actions of the middle deltoid

abduction

binary covalent compounds

nonmetal and nonmetal

Which of the following is NOT weaker than a hydrogen bond?

covalent bond

Which type of solid tends to be the hardest?

covalent network solid

Why is the clavicles crank shape and posterior rotation for phase 2B elevation?

crank shape allows for 30 degrees of further elevation the rotation aids in scapular posterior tilt

What determines the hybridization of the central atom?

the number of electron domains

We can predict the number of bonds an atom can form from:

the number of electrons needed to form an octet

In a polar covalent bond, the atom that attracts the electrons less strongly has:

the partial positive charge In a polar covalent bond, the atom that attracts the electrons less strongly has the partial positive charge because the other atom holds on more tightly to the negative electrons.

obligate motion of the humerus

when reaching end range, the ligaments will be tensioned and contribute to humeral translation in the opposite direction of the fiber "pull" due to a secondary muscle contraction

Heat is abbreviated as:

q

The Schrodinger equation contains:

the Hamiltonian operator the wavefunction energy

what is the ROM for upper extremity elevation?

0-180

A 92.9 g piece of a silvery gray metal is heated to 178.0∘C, and then quickly transferred into 75.0 mL of water initially at 24.0∘C. After 5 minutes, both the metal and the water have reached the same temperature: 29.7∘C. Determine the specific heat and the identity of the metal. You are given that cwater=4.184 Jg ∘C, and the density of water is 1.00 g mL.

0.13 J/g∘C, lead

what are the 3 mechanical purposes of the scapulohumeral rhythm?

1. increase elevation ROM 2. inferior stability of GH joint 3. maintain optimum length tension relationship for scapulohumeral musculature

A graduated cylinder initially contains 48.6 mL water. When a piece of jewelry is submerged in the graduated cylinder, the total volume increases to 61.2 mL . What is the volume of the piece of jewelry?

12.6 cm^3

at _____________ degrees of shoulder flexion the scapula will begin to move

120

A small iron pan takes 382.0 J to achieve a temperature change of 38.00 ∘C, while a large iron pan requires 2933 J to achieve the same temperature change. Solve to compare the heat capacities of both pans. What is the value of the pan with the higher heat capacity?

77.18 j/c

How much energy, in kilojoules, is required to evaporate 32.0 g of water (H2O) at room temperature (25∘C

78.2

How much more pressure does a 250 lb person exert on the ground than a 120 lb person if they are both standing on one foot with area 16 in2?

8.1

Which of the following is equivalent to a mole of carbon atoms?

A mole of carbon atoms is equivalent to 6.022×1023 carbon atoms. In fact, 1 mole of any substance will contain 6.022×1023 items because that is the definition of a mole.

Identify the substance that does not show dipole-dipole interactions between molecules. water HCl CCl4 none of the above

CCl4

Which molecule will have no net dipole?

CCl4 The four polar bonds will cancel out, leaving the molecule nonpolar.

Consider the structural formulas for methanol, CH3OH, and ethane, C2H6. Which has a higher melting point and which statement substantiates the answer?

CH3OH because it has a hydrogen directly bonded to an oxygen.

What does VSEPR theory consider?

Electron-pair repulsions

What is the energy of the He+ electron with n=4? (k=2.18×10−18 J)

En=−(kZ^2/n^2) En=−(2.18×10^−18)(2^2)/(4^2) En=−5.45×10−19 J

Lone pairs present in trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair geometry always occupy which position?

Equatorial

The glenoid cavity has greater concavity and dimension where compared to where?

Greater concavity and dimension superior to inferior as opposed to anterior and posterior

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? CH2O CH3F H2O2 they have the same boiling point

H2O2

What is the empirical formula of a compound is a sample contains 2 g of hydrogen, 32 g of sulfur, and 64 g of oxygen?

H2SO4

Which of the following does NOT exhibit hydrogen bonding? H2O HBr HF H3N

HBr Hydrogen bonding occurs between H-F, H-O, and H-N groups.

radial nerve innervation

Innervates the BEST: Brachioradialis, Extensors of the wrist and fingers, Supinator, and Triceps.

Which species is being oxidized in the following reaction: 2As+3Cl2→2AsCl3

As

If a drop of water is placed on a glass surface, what will happen and why?

It will flatten out to maximize adhesive forces.

If a compound has a formula mass of 212 amu, the chemical formula could be: Na2SO4 K2SO4 Na3PO4 K3PO4

K3PO4 K= 39.098×3 = 117.294 P= 30.974×1 = 30.974 O= 15.999×4 = 63.996

At room temperature, n-pentane is a liquid and neopentane (2, 2-dimethylpropane) is a gas. Both compounds are nonpolar hydrocarbons. Which of the following forces is primarily responsible for this difference?

London dispersion forces

Which intermolecular force results when two adjacent atoms from temporary dipoles?

London forces

E-s not involved in bonding are called?

Lone pairs

What is the hybridization of the N atom in NH3 ?

The nitrogen atom in NH3 is sp3 hybridized.

Titanium (IV) oxide is formed from the Ti4+ cation and the O2− anion. What is the correct chemical formula for this product compound?

TiO2

for abduction which muscle is more important serratus or trapezius?

Trapezius

A molecule with three electron domains will exhibit which geometry?

Trigonal Planar

Identify the electron pair geometry of ClF₃.

Trigonal bipyramidal

What will be the electron-pair geometry for a molecule with five regions of electron density?

Trigonal bipyramidal

Which spatial orientation will involve more than one bond angle value?

Trigonal bipyramidal

What is the molecular structure of SnCl⁻₃?

Trigonal pyramidal

Which type of bond takes up the largest region of space?

Triple bond

Can a nonpolar molecule can contain polar bonds?

True

Which of the following is a characteristic of a sigma bond?

a covalent bond

C, N, O, F

always obey the octet rule, cannot have more than 8 electrons in center element

When determining significant figures within a number, non-zero digits are

always significant

are solids that lack an ordered structure and are randomly arranged

amorphous solids

Which is an example of diffusion?

an aroma from the kitchen being detected in the living room

The smallest unit of matter that is indivisible without utilizing a nuclear reaction is known as:

an atom

Which of the following shows a correct arrangement of intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest? hydrogen bonding > London dispersion forces > dipole-dipole interactions hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole interactions > London dispersion forces London dispersion forces > dipole-dipole interactions > hydrogen bonding dipole-dipole interactions > London dispersion forces > hydrogen bonding

hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole interactions > London dispersion forces

Water has a high surface tension due to its

hydrogen bonds

What did Schrodinger study in order to build his theory?

hydrogen-like atoms

CuOH is called:

copper(I) hydroxide As the hydroxide has a charge of 1−, the copper atom must have a charge of 1+, thus we use the roman numeral I.

Which of the following types of molecule is an exception to the octet rule?

hypervalent molecues electron-deficient molecules odd-electron molecules

A supercritical fluid will occupy the same volume as a:

gas

Which of the following would have the highest kinetic energy?

gas

Which phase of water heats up the most rapidly?

gas

Au2O3 is called:

gold(III) oxide We must specify the oxidation state of the gold atoms, and if oxygen is 2−, gold must be 3+, hence the roman numeral III.

If a gas at constant pressure is heated, the volume will

increase

degrees of freedom ____________ with coupled motion

increase

secondary injury is caused from..

inflammatory or hypoxia resulting from primary injury

Which is the strongest type of intermolecular force? ion-dipole ion-ion dipole-dipole London dispersion

ion-ion Ion-ion forces are the strongest intermolecular force because they involve formal charges.

Which of the following correctly pairs the formula with the metal ion name?

iron (II) nitride, Fe3N2 tin (IV) sulfide, SnS2 manganese (IV) nitride, Mn3N4

How is the stability of the glenhumeral joint Anterior to posterior in relation to superior to inferior in the glenoid fossa?

less stable A to P compared to S to I, due to the concavity differences in the glenoid fossa

Which of the following quantum numbers does NOT define orbitals?

ms ms describes the intrinsic electron property known as "spin", while n,l, and ml define the orbital.

a strain is an injury to a ___

muscle

subclavius muscle

muscle of the shoulder girdle that provides stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

muscles that adduct the wrist:

Enthalpies of combustion will always be:

negative

Despite the units frequently seen on laboratory scales, the most appropriate unit below for quantifying weight is _______.

newtons

an accident is an..

unexpected, unavoidable, and unintentional event

When computing using dimensional analysis

unit conversions can be done either simultaneously or separately

what are the primary movers of scapular upward rotation?

upper trap, serratus anterior, lower trap

Which of the following is the correct relationship between weight and mass?

weight=mass×gravity

What is Scapular dumping?

when the humeral head is released from the "shelf" due to an increase in downward rotation

at the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavicular joint

where does the shoulder girdle's joint movement with the clavicle takes place?

the supraspinatus bc insertion is straight down the axis of rotation - posterior

which roatator cuff muscle does not rotate? it is located ____ to the spine

Covalent bonds are formed between

nonmetals

Use the figure provided to determine which of the following describes Cl2.

nonpolar covalent Using the figure, we can determine that Cl2 is nonpolar and covalent (0 electronegative difference).

the deltoid originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

o: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula i: deltoid tuberosity

Which amount of water would have the greatest heat capacity?

ocean

Which is most soluble in water?

oxygen

the palmar aponerousis attaches to the ___

palmaris longus

In a polar covalent bond, the more electronegative atom will bear a:

partial negative charge The more electronegative atom will be partially negative.

Scapular upward and downward rotation occurs about a ______________ axis to the scapular body

perpendicular

The angular momentum of an electron will be:

perpendicular to its orbit

the proximal radioulnar is a ___ joint and is involved in ___ and ___ motions

pivot, pronation/supination

Hypervalent molecules require that central atoms access:

s orbitals p orbitals d orbitals All of the above orbitals are required if a central atom hopes to make more than four bonds to other atoms.

a bursa is a

sac filled with synovial fluid (subacromial and subscapular)

what plane of motion are ribs 1-6?

sagital, therefore inspiration will create rib expansion A to P

the teres major originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

scapula, medial intertubercular groove

Which of the following is NOT a molecular structure that can be exhibited by a molecule with tetrahedral electron-pair geometry?

seesaw

acromioclavicular separation is the same as..

separated shoulder

Another word for period is

series

the brachialis originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

shaft of humerus coronoid process of ulna

the joint cavity in the glenohumeral joint is __ while the joint capsule is __

shallow, loose

Which of the following is named by dropping the end of the element name and adding "-ide"?

simple anions

The angular momentum quantum number, l, corresponds to:

the type (or shape) of orbital the electron resides in

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that there is a fundamental limit to how precisely both the position and momentum of electrons and other quantum particles can be known. This limit is due to

the wave-like nature of an electron

symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

tingling, pain, numbness, weakness

dipole moment equation

µ= q•d

Enthalpy is the sum of a system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and its volume. What is the symbol for the change in Enthalpy?

ΔH

Which of the statements below explain ΔH? (select all that apply)

ΔH=total enthalpy stored in the products−total enthalpy stored in the reactants the change in enthalpy for a process

The de Broglie wavelength is represented by the expression:

λ=h/mv

If we burn a 0.545 g sample of carbon and the the enthalpy of combustion for carbon is −393.5 kJ/mol, what is the qrxn?

−17.9 kJ

What is the change in enthalpy associated with the combustion of 530 g of methane (CH4)?

−2.9×10^4kJ

If 3.60 g of NaHSO4 react, what is the change in enthalpy for the reaction, in kilojoules?

−3.47 kJ

If 1.48 g of Cl2 reacts with excess P, what is the total change in enthalpy in kilojoules?

−3.70 kJ

Calculate the change in enthalpy associated with the combustion of 492.2 g of sulfur.

−4556kJ

If the heat of combustion of methane is −890.8 kJmol, what is the enthalpy change associated with the combustion of 1.000 kg of methane?

−55,530 kJ

The chemical equation below shows the formation of SO2.

−594 kJ

How much heat is produced by the combustion of 125 g of acetylene (C2H2)?

−6.25×10^3 kJ

What is the enthalpy change associated with the production of 1mol of H2O2 if a reaction that produces 2.50g of H2O2 releases 65.9kJ of heat?

−897 kJ/mol

Calculate the change in enthalpy associated with the combustion of 322 g of ethanol.

−9.55×10^3kJ

While the SI base unit of time is the second, what other unit can also be used? Select the correct answer below: A. Kelvin B. years C. meters D. liters

B. years. Explanation: Although the second is the SI base unit of time, hours, days, and years can all be used as units of time. Kelvin is a unit of temperature, meter is a unit of length, and liter is a unit of volume.

What is the equivalent temperature on the Celsius scale for 0 K? Select the correct answer below: A. 0∘C B. −100.15∘C C. −273.15∘C D. −459.67∘C

C. −273.15∘C. Explanation: The magnitude on Kelvin scale and the Celsius scales is equal. This means that at 0K the Celsius scale would be at −273.15∘C.

Which molecule would exhibit the strongest dipole-dipole interactions? CH4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 CHCl3

CHCl3

Costotransverse joint type?

Plane Synovial

What are arranged on the periodic table? Select the correct answer below: A. molecules B. compounds C. periods D. elements

D. elements. Explanation: The periodic table of the elements contains information about single types of atoms and is useful throughout chemistry.

Which of the following is NOT a postulate of the kinetic molecular theory of gases?

The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is proportional to the pressure of the gas.

In a Lewis structure, a covalent bond is represented by:

a line

Which among the following has the highest melting point? methanol CH3F CH4 C2H6

methanol

What results when two or more atoms share electrons equally?

molecular compounds

The periodic table is arranged by increasing

atomic number

What is the molecular structure of the rightmost oxygen?

bent The oxygen atom has four electron domains so the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral. Two of the four regions are due to nonbonding pairs so the molecular structure is bent.

the three muscles in elbow flexion are...

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

___ is the inflammation of the bursa caused by direct trauma or overuse (ligament or muscle tear)

bursitis

SI, P, S, Cl

can have expanded octect/more than 8 electrons

nonpolar

equal sharing of electrons, symmetry

the agonists in glenohumeral extension are

lats, t major, post delt, lower pec

the ROM in the glenohumeral joint is..

lax until extreme ROM

Bond angles decrease as more lone pairs are added because

lone pairs repel other electron densities slightly more than bonding pairs

Atoms of the same element can have different

mass numbers

The process of going from the solid to liquid phase is called

melting

Which of the following is an example of an endothermic process?

melting ice cubes

What is the Lewis symbol for As3−?

"As" with eight dots/eight valence electrons

What is the mass in grams of 1.00×1023 radon atoms?

36.9 g

9.693+36.9=

46.6

A compound has a molecular weight of 318.31gmol and an empirical formula of C10H7O2. What is the molecular formula?

C20H14O4

Cyclobutane consists of 4 atoms of carbon and 8 atoms of hydrogen. What is cyclobutane's empirical formula?

CH2 The empirical formula must feature the simplest whole-number ratio of the constituent elements. The simplest form of the carbon: hydrogen ratio, given as 4:8, is 1:2. Therefore, the empirical formula is CH2.

What is the empirical formula of a compound containing 40.0% C, 6.71% H, and 53.28% O?

CH2O

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? C3H8 CH3COOH CH4 C2H6

CH3COOH

Which of the following elements is likely to lose two electrons to form a +2 ion?

Ca, group 2

The chemical formula for iron(II) chloride is?

FeCI2

If a compound's formula mass was experimentally determined to be 34, the chemical formula could be:

H3P

Write the formula for the definition of enthalpy, in terms of internal energy (U), pressure (P), and volume (V)

H=U+PV

A molecule must

Minimize repulsions to remain stable

Which of the following is more accurate in determining bond order?

Molecular orbital theory Molecular orbital theory is more accurate in determining bond order than Lewis structures. MO theory describes the structure and the geometry of the molecule more in depth by taking into consideration the overlap and energies of the bonding and antibonding electrons residing in a particular molecular orbital.

polar molecules

Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges, partialy charges molecule. H-N, O, F, H2O, Nh3,HF, CH3OH, CH3NH2, CH3COOH

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

What is the conjugate base of NH3

NH2-

A compound with the empirical formula of NaSO4 and a molar mass of 238 g/mol has a molecular formula of:

Na2S2O8

Which substance is considered an ionic solid?

NaCl

What unit of measurement pertains to the number of microscopic molecules in a sample?

The mole

Which is true regarding ionic compounds?

The total positive charge equals the total negative charge. which is why they are neutral as a whole.

An energy conversion is best defined as

The transformation of energy from one form to another.

The elements that are most likely to have multiple oxidation states are?

Transition metals. Oxidation state of an element in a given compound is the charged acquired by its atom on the basis of electronegativity of other atoms in the compound.

What will be the electron-pair geometry of XeF₂?

Trigonal bipyramidal

The phenomenon by which colloidal particles can scatter light is called:

Tyndall effect

What is the chemical symbol for the element zinc?

Zn. This is located in group 12 of the periodic table.

Check Rein structures to Flexion

Zygopophyseal joints, Posterior annulus, erector Spinae, ligaments, anterior disk compression

actions of the posterior deltoid

abduction, extension, horizontal abduction, and external rotation

flexion of the elbow

brachialis actions

Which element belongs to the alkaline earth metals?

calcium

the metacarpophalangeal is a ___ joint

condyloid

The Schrödinger equation was developed directly from the:

de Broglie relation

Which subatomic particle weighs significantly less than 1 amu?

electron

node

pi bond

cardinal signs of inflammation are..

redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

j/g x c

specific heat

A _____ bond is a covalent bond where the regions of orbital overlap are above and below the internuclear axis.

pi (π) Pi (π) bonds form on opposite sides of the internuclear axis (above and below the axis), creating a node along the axis. π bonds form from lateral overlap of p orbitals.

Which of the following does NOT exhibit hydrogen bonding? H2O HBr HF H3N

HBr

When you find dew on a leaf in the morning, it formed via:

condensing

what shape is the articular surface of the rib head?

convex

The formula PM/RT, where M is the molar mass, allows us to calculate which of the following?

density of a gas

What is the mass in grams of 1.00×106 sodium atoms?

3.82×10^−17 g

Johnny's bakery has 30,900 grams of sugar. A recipe calls for 32 pounds of sugar to be used. How many pounds of sugar will be left over? (1 lb=453.59 g). Report your answer with two significant figures.

36 lb

What type of bond will form between two atoms that have a difference in electronegativety equal to 0.2?

A pure covalent bond.

Which halogen is a liquid at room temperature? -Fluorine -chlorine -Bromine -Iodine

Bromine

What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in a water molecule?

sp3

______ is an injury to the ligaments connecting the sternum to the clavicle

sternoclavicular sprain

the subscapular originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

subscapular fossa, head of humerus

compound

two or more atoms bonded together (of same elements)

the brachialis does what movement?

flexion (isolated if forearm is pronated)

One bar is equivalent to___________ pascals

100,000 pascals

common elbow injury is ___

hyperextension

where are the T9-T12 vertebral facets located?

on the posterior pedicles

What is the SI unit for pressure

pascal (Pa)

Wrist flexion leads to finger extension cause by ?

passive insufficiency (what is it)

The ________ is the percentage by mass of each element in a compound.

percent composition

HClO4 is called:

perchloric acid

Bond angles decrease as more lone pairs are added because

Bond angles decrease as more lone pairs are added because

If a molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry has one lone pair on the central atom, that lone pair will occupy what position?

Equatorial

We measure the vapor pressure of a liquid by using a:

closed-end manometer

how are lines of trabeculae formed?

through lines of stress

What value for bond order tells us that a bond will not form?

0 A bond order of zero means that zero bonds will form between the atoms.

A hutch weighs 150lbs and its base has a length and width of 15in and 34in, respectively. What is the pressure exerted by the hutch on the floor?

0.29

How many moles are in 15 g of carbon dioxide?

0.34 moles

A piece of unknown metal weighs 217 g. When the metal piece absorbs 1.43 kJ of heat, its temperature increases from 24.5∘C to 39.1∘C. Determine the specific heat of this metal, and predict its identity using the chart above.

0.451 J/g∘C

How many moles are in 22 grams of argon?

0.55 moles

An object has a mass of 25.0 g and displaces 42.5 mL of water. What is the density of the object, in grams per milliliter?

0.588 g/mL

The octet rule determines that fluorine will tend to make ____ bond(s).

1 With three lone pairs and one unpaired electron, fluorine will gain an octet by making one covalent bond.

a sprain is an injury to a ___

ligament

What will be the mass of one mole of carbon atoms?

12 g

in terms of the transverse plane static posture, what is the clavicular retraction angle?

20 degrees

normal Cervical lordosis angle

30-35 degrees

pronation of the elbow is about _ to _ degrees

70-90 degrees

How many moles of PCl5 are present in a 100.0 g sample?

=0.4802 mol PCl5

2 Cs+Br2→2 CsBr is a redox reaction. Which of the following is the reducing agent and what is its change in oxidation number?

Cs is the reducing agent, oxidation change from 0 to 1+

Name the ion that acts as the cofactor of chlorophyll in green plants and is needed for nerve control. Select the correct answer below: A. CO2−3 B. Na+ C. Fe2+ D. Mg2+

D. Mg2+. Explanation: Magnesium ions, Mg2+, are the cofactors in chlorophyll in green plants and are needed for nerve control.

What is functional external rotation a combination of?

Flexion, abduction and external rotation

The hydrogen bond occurring between which two molecules would be the strongest? NH3 and NH3, NH3 and H2O, H2O and H2O, H2O and HF

H2O and HF

What is the chemical formula for calcium bromide?​ Select the correct answer below: A. Ca2Br B. BrCa C. CaBr2 D. CaBr3

C. CaBr2. Explanation: Calcium forms Ca2+ cations, and bromide refers to a Br− anion. In order for the charges to cancel, we need 2Br− anions for every one Ca2+ cation.

A mole is defined as the number of atoms in an exact mass of which isotope?

Carbon-12

Electron pairs (lone and bonding) are?

Negatively charged and will repel each other

O: Anterior surfaces of the 3rd-5th ribs I: Coracoid process of the scapula

O/I pec minor

Which of the following will NOT generate dipole-dipole interactions? HCl CO LiBr O2

O2

Which is a correct way of stating Amontons's (Gay-Lussac's) law

P=kT P/T=k P1/T1=P2/T2

median nerve innervation

Pronator Teres Pronator quadratus Flexor Carpi Radialis Deep digital flexor

the law of multiple proportions

The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers.

glenoid fossa

The part of the scapula that joins with the humeral head to form the glenohumeral joint.

Which of the following statements are true?

The sum of all formal charges in a neutral molecule must be zero. The sum of all formal charges in an ion must equal the charge of the ion. Small (or zero) formal charges on individual atoms are better than large ones. When formal charge cannot be avoided, negative formal charge should reside on the most electronegative atom.

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

the agonists in elbow flexion are ___, ___, ___

biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis

Which halogen is a liquid at room temperature? fluorine chlorine bromine iodine

bromine

Which of the following will NOT exhibit hydrogen bonding to the N atom? Select the correct answer below: a. NH3 b. (CH3)2NH c. NH+4 d. CH3NH2

c. NH+4. Explanation: The ammonium ion (NH+4) does not have any lone pairs available on the nitrogen to form hydrogen bonds. NH3, (CH3)2NH, and CH3NH2 all have lone pairs available on the nitrogen to form hydrogen bonds.

lateral tilt (outward tilt):

consequential movement during abduction in which the scapula rotates about its vertical axis, resulting in the posterior movement of the medial border and anterior movement of the lateral border

horizontal adduction, flexion, adduction

coracobrachialis actions:

Lewis structures are limited because they do not display the ______________.

correct bond angles in the molecule

Transverse processes are thickened laterally for articulation with what?

costal tubercle

anterior fibers O: anterior lateral third of clavicle middle fibers O: lateral aspect of acromion post. fibers O: inferior edge of spine of scapula Insertion for all: deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus

deltoid O/I

Caudal translation is also called....

depression, caudal means of or like a tail

pec minor, lower trap, subclavius

depression:

When drawing a Lewis structure, the first step is to:

determine the amount of valence electrons

Which of these gas, liquid, or crystalline solid would likely have the weakest intermolecular forces?

gas

the agonists in glenohumeral adduction are

lats, t major, lower pecs

limiting reactant

the substance that controls the quantity of product that can form in a chemical reaction

molecular polarity

the uneven distribution of molecular charge

The section of the periodic table that consists of ten groups is called the

transition metals

The elements that are most likely to have multiple oxidation states are:

transition metals The transition metals have a tendency to form more than one ion per element.

what plane is internal and external rotation in at base position?

transverse plane

macrotraumatic injuries are a result of ___ and produce immediate pain, and also include ___,___,___,___,___,___

trauma fractures, dislocations, subluxations, etc

O: upper posterior humerus I: olecranon process of the ulna

triceps brachii lateral head O/I

SC joint posterior rotation is coupled with scapular ____________ _____________

upward rotation, after 30 degrees of elevation of the outer clavicle

Which of the following is included in molecular orbital diagrams?

valence electrons Molecular orbital diagrams include only valence electrons, core electrons can be omitted.

If a nitrogen atom has four covalent bonds, what will be its formal charge?

+1

A 3.00 L tank of helium gas has an initial pressure of 1.20 atm. When the temperature changes to 37.00∘C, the gas has a pressure of 2.50 atm. What is the initial temperature?

-124c

When 2.16g of H2 reacts with excess O2 by the following equation, 258kJ of heat are released

-241

what is the negative pressure of the glenohumeral joint?

-42 cm H2O

Given the following reaction, calculate the enthalpy change when 6.40gH2 reacts with excess Cl2 to form HCl: H2(g)+Cl2(g)⟶2HCl(g)ΔH=−184.6 kJ

-586

scientific method in the correct order

-Curiosity leads to observations -Hypothesis is created -Experiment is performed and results are consistent with prediction -Additional testing is conducted and it supports hypothesis -Hypothesis becomes theory

Which of the following are true about electronegativity?

-Electronegativity generally increases as you move across the groups in a period (from left to right) on the periodic table. -Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of a bonded atom to attract electrons towards itself -Atoms with higher electronegativity have a stonger attraction to the electrons in their bonds.

What are intermolecular forces?

-The chemical bonds within molecules (ionic, covalent) - attractive forces between molecules and icons

The ideal gas law makes which of the following assumptions?

-the gas particles are constantly in random motion and have no volume -particles do not interact The ideal gas law assumes that particles are infinitely small points in constant, random motion. It does not consider the identity of the gas (whether a noble gas, a diatomic gaseous element like nitrogen, or a gaseous molecule like carbon monoxide) to affect its behavior at all. It also ignores any interactions of these particles, and assumes that they engage in perfectly elastic collisions.

We can predict the number of bonds an atom can form by counting when?

-the number of additional electrons needed to form an octet -the number of valence electrons

The electron pair geometry is the same as the molecular structure when there is/are _______ lone pair(s) around the central atom.

0

What is the range for normal extension(Or hyperextension)?

0-60/80 degrees

If 3.500 moles of water react completely according to the following equation, how much heat must have been absorbed in kilojoules? 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2ΔH=2803 kJ

1,635.08 kJ

6 principles of shoulder abduction

1. 180 degrees of shoulder abduction from simultaneous 120 degrees GH abduction and 60 degrees ST upward rotation 2. scapula upward rotation from SC elevation and AC joint upward rotation 3. clavicle retraction at the SC joint 4. scapula posterior tilt and external rotation 5. clavicle posterior rotation (on its own axis) 6. glenohumeral joint external rotation

Earth's atmosphere has an average molar mass of 29.00 gmol and a surface temperature of 298.0 K. We know that atmospheric pressure is 1.000 atm; what is the density of air?

1.186 g/l

Convert 3.00Cal into joules. Remember that 1Cal=1kcal=1,000cal. Your answer should have 3 significant figures.

1.26x10^4. Explanation: Convert Calories to calories and then to joules. 1.00Cal=1.00×10^3cal 1.00cal=4.184J 3.00Cal=3.00×10^3cal 3.00×10^3cal×4.184Jcal=12.552×103J=1.2552×10^4J The answer should have three significant figures, so round to 1.26×104J.

How many moles of carbon atoms are in 18 g

1.5 moles

Rib kinematics for ribs 7-10?

motion occurs around an axis that is almost in the sagittal plane

Compared to a gas, the molecules of a liquid

move more slowly, and are packed closer together

Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Longus

muscles that abduct the wrist:

Which set of quantum numbers is invalid?

n=1, l=1, ml=0, ms=12

Which set of quantum numbers is invalid?

n=2, l=0, ml=−1, ms=12

When considering precise mass, which particle has the greatest mass?

neutron

The group that is least likely to ionize is the __________.

noble gases also called the inert gases because they are very unlikely to react. This is because they have a full valence shell of electrons, which means they do not want to gain or lose any electrons. The other groups listed all readily ionize.

The 5p orbitals fill immediately after the 4d orbitals and immediately before the 6s based on:

observed experimental results theoretical calculations

What results when a pair of atomic orbitals combines?

one lower energy bonding molecular orbital one higher energy antibonding orbital When a pair of atomic orbitals combines, one lower energy bonding molecular orbital and one higher energy antibonding molecular orbital form.

Axis dictates what?

plane

A measurement is ________ if it yields similar results when repeated.

precise

internal rotation, adduction, extension

subscapularis actions:

an injury to the lateral epicondylitis

tennis elbow

a basic bicep injury that is repetitive

tenosynovitis

A Lewis symbol that has a non-noble gas element and no electrons represents a ________. Select the correct answer below: A. cation B. anion C. neutral atom D. depends on the element

A. cation. Explanation: Lewis symbols show the valence electrons. If a Lewis symbol has no dots, the atom must have lost its valence electrons, and will therefore be a positively charged cation.

How many grams of helium are in a balloon with 8.40 mol of helium atoms?

33.6 g

Between C2H6, CO2, H2O, H2 which of the following will participate in dipole-dipole interactions?

H2O

Which molecule will have a net dipole? SF6, PCl5, NH4+ H2S

H2S

If you drink coffee before going to bed, it will take longer to fall asleep

If you drink coffee before going to bed, it will take longer to fall asleep

Grip Strength

Maximal grip force occurs at 30 degrees of wrist extension

Which is a correct way of stating Boyle's law?

P=k×1V, where k is a constant. PV=k, where k is a constant. P1V1=P2V2, where the indices 1 and 2 corresponds to different states of the same gas sample. ANSWER: all of the above

Lateral flexion to the right or left of the spine

Plane of movement: frontal Axis of Rotation: Anterior-posterior AKA: side bending to the right or left

in anatomic neutral what is the primary stabilizer to ER and anterior humeral head translation? Secondary?

SGHL Secondary is MGHL

What is the correct molecular formula for silicon tetrachloride?

SiCl4

trapezius

must know muscles relative to location: ex: anterior hip, knee, etc TEST QUESTION: if slapped on the back = palpate ______

A molecular structure will prefer to have:

no formal charges A molecular structure with no formal charges is preferred.

If an atom has a full octet, it will have:

noble gas electron configurations

anulous fibrosus

outer layer of the intervertebral discs, ringed and outer layer. resists tensile and rotational forces

Costovertebral joint type?

plane synovial joint

The number of significant figures in a value is a display of the _________ of a measurement.

precision

VSEPR theory is used to __________.

predict the shape of a molecule

The density of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of the following quantities? temperature pressure number of moles molar mass of the gas

pressure molar mass of the gas

Which of the following is NOT a postulate or assumption of the kinetic molecular theory?

pressure exerted by a gas in a container results from collisions between the gas molecules and the container walls molecules composing the gas are negligibly small compared to the distances between them gas molecules exert no attractive or repulsive forces on each other or the container walls

In most people supination range of motion is greater that?

pronation range of motion (what range of motion is greater)

shoulder joint: extension

shoulder girdle: depression/downward rotation

shoulder joint: flexion

shoulder girdle: elevation/upward rotation

shoulder joint: abduction

shoulder girdle: upward rotation

Which of the following is named using the unmodified element name and adding the word "ion"?

simple cations

what muscle stabilizes and protects the sternoclavicular joint?

subclavius

O: medial two-thirds of supraspinous fossa I: superiorly on greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatous O/I

abduction

supraspinatus action:

____ is the most common shoulder injury

supraspinatus rupture

In a calorimeter, the components of the measuring apparatus that serve to either provide heat or absorb heat are called the

surroundings

What is the formula for aluminum sulfite?

Al2(SO3)3 The sulfite ion has one fewer oxygen than the sulfate ion, so it will be SO2−3. Aluminum forms ions with a charge of 3+. Therefore, the compound will contain 2 aluminum ions and 3 sulfite ions such that the compound has a net charge of zero. The formula is Al2(SO3)3.

Halogens will tend to form ions with a charge of __________. Select the correct answer below: A. 1+ B. 2+ C. 1− D. 2−

C. 1−. Explanation: The halogens have a tendency to gain one electron, giving them a charge of 1−.

The view of light that describes light as consisting of particles is called:

corpuscular

subscapularis, infraspinatus and teres minor posses a _______________ angulated pull relative to the glenoid, and is resolved into what?

downward, resolved into an inferior directed force and a medial directed force

ligaments in the elbow are not very ___ to ensure ___

elastic, stability

the long head of the triceps assists with what motions

extension, adduction, and horizontal abduction

Pressure is defined as:

force/area

A column on the periodic table is called a

group/family

not a true synovial joint b/c movement is totally dependent on the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

how is the scapulothoracic joint classified?

supported dynamically by its muscles and lacks ligamentous support

how is the scapulothoracic joint supported?

anteriorly--anterior sternoclavicular ligament posteriorly--posterior sternoclavicular ligament

how is the sternoclavicular joint supported?

In order to maintain accuracy, valence bond theory must include which component?

hybridization

Which of the following forces is characteristic of some of the compounds with the highest boiling point?

hydrogen bonding Compounds with stronger intermolecular forces will have higher boiling points. In order of decreasing strength, the types of intermolecular forces are ranked as follows: ion-ion attractions > hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole attractions > london dispersion forces.

A solution in which solute-solvent interactions are the same or similar to the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions is called a(n):

ideal solution

An oxidation reaction is defined as having a(n) ____________ in oxidation number.

increase

The mass number is essentially the sum of the number of ________ in an atom. Select the correct answer below: A,. protons and electrons B. neutrons and electrons C. protons and neutrons D. protons and neutrons and electrons

C. protons and neutrons. Explanation: As the protons and neutrons are each approximately one atomic mass unit, the mass number will simply be the sum of the numbers of these particles. Electrons are negligible in mass.

O: infraspinous fossa just below spine of scapula I: post. on greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus O/I

the agonists in glenohumeral external rotation are

infraspinatus, t major

What is the total of all energy present in a substance known as?

internal energy

Pressure and volume of an ideal gas are __________.

inversely proportional

A pi bond involves:

lateral orbital overlap side-by-side, or lateral orbital overlap with the electron density concentrated on opposite sides of the internuclear axis. lateral overlap of p orbitals overlap of unhybridized orbitals

If a molecule was less polar than water, might you expect it to have a greater or lower surface tension than water?

lower

A compound with an empirical formula of CH is found to have a molar mass of 26.04 g/mol. What is the compound's molecular formula?

C2H2

If a compound's formula mass was experimentally determined to be 26, the chemical formula could be:

C2H2

the teres minor originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

lower posterior scapula, head of humerus

net dipole

the overall direction of partial negative charge in a molecule

Which of the following objects has more kinetic energy than it does potential energy?

the pendulum of a grandfather clock at the lowest point of its arc of motion

Wavefunctions can be used to determine:

the probable distribution of electron density in an atom

Order the following hydrocarbons from lowest to highest boiling point: C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10.

C2H6<C3H8<C4H10 All of these compounds are nonpolar and only have London dispersion forces: the larger the molecule, the larger the dispersion forces and the higher the boiling point. The ordering from lowest to highest boiling point is therefore C2H6<C3H8<C4H10.

A compound with the empirical formula of CBr2 has a molar mass of 515.46 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of this compound?

C3Br6

If compound's formula mass was experimentally determined to be 58, the chemical formula could be: C4H8 C2H6O2 C3H8 C3H6O

C3H6O C3=36 H6=6 O=16 36+6+16=58

A sample of a compound is made up of 57.53 g C, 3.45 g H, and 39.01 g F. Determine the empirical formula of this compound.

C7H5F3

percent yield

the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield expressed as a percent

Molecular structure

the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule

In which molecule are the electron-pair geometry and molecular shape of the same type?

CO2

Hydrogen bonding results in______. Select the correct answer below: A. higher boiling points B. higher melting points C. higher heats of vaporization D. all of the above

D. all of the above. Explanation: These are all due to the strong intermolecular forces present in such a substance, making the molecules harder to separate.

What is functional internal rotation a combination of?

Extension, adduction and internal rotation

___ ___ ___ is the compression of nerves, arteries, and/or veins coming from the spine towards the arm

thoracic outlet syndrome

1. extension of the elbow joint 2. horizontal abduction of the shoulder joint (extension, adduction)

two main actions of the triceps brachii long head

molecule

two or more atoms bonded together (of the difference element)

the levator scapulae originates at the ___ and inserts on the _____

vertebrae, medial border of scapula above the spine

How does the upper trapezius create upward rotation?

via a superomedial force on acromion

how does the lower serratus create upward rotation?

via inferolateral force

If a scientist wanted to determine the amount of space occupied by an object, she would measure its

volume

The unit cubic meters is associated with

volume

Which is an example of capillary action?

water soaking upwards on a paper towel a cloth towel soaking up a liquid water rising spontaneously in a glass tube

Which of these measurements has the largest amount of pressure?

1 bar

A certain gas has a molar mass of 74.0gmol at 752 torr and 100.∘C. What is the density of the vapor?

2.39g/L

Determine the amount of heat, in kilojoules, needed to evaporate 100.g of water

226kJ

normal lumbar lordosis

45 degrees

What is the root mean square velocity for the molecules of a sample of oxygen gas (O2) at 20.0∘C.

478 m/s

An electron in an unknown energy level of a hydrogen atom transitions to the n=2 level and emits a photon with wavelength 410 nm in the process. What was the initial energy level?

6

A compound is a chemical substance composed of two or more kinds of elements in a fixed ratio. By what means can the components of a compound be separated? Select the correct answer below: A. Chemical means B. Physical means C. Chemical or physical means

A. Chemical means. Explanation: A compound cannot be separated into its component elements by physical means, but it can be separated into elements by chemical means.

Where are electrons located? Select the correct answer below: A. inside the nucleus B. outside the nucleus C. underneath the nucleus D. none of the above

B. outside the nucleus. Explanation: The negatively charged electrons are located outside the nucleus. The nucleus contains neutrally charged neutrons and positively charged protons.

Density is defined as: Select the correct answer below: A. volume times mass B. mass divided by volume C. volume divided by mass D. mass minus volume

B. mass divided by volume.

Atoms are bound together by e- pairs called

Bonding pairs

Capsuloligamentous structures for glenohumeral stability

SGHL MGHL IGHL anterior band axillary pouch posterior band CHL

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is what kind of joint?

Saddle joint (what thumb joint?)

Today, the meter is based on: Select the correct answer below: A. a meter stick B. the height of a king C. a fraction of the distance from the equator to the north pole D. the distance light travels in a particular fraction of a second

D. the distance light travels in a particular fraction of a second. Explanation: The meter was once defined as a particular fraction of the distance from the equator to the north pole, but it was eventually revised to be more universal.

How are the Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae positioned in relation to the cervical vertebrae?

More posterior

pectoralis minor serratus anterior trapezius rhomboid levator scapulae

Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle: 5 primary muscles include:

For the following chemical equation: Zn(NO3)2(aq)+H2S(aq)→ZnS(s)+2HNO3(aq)

NO−3 (aq)

When thermal energy is transferred from the system to its surroundings, heat (q) is:

negative

resonance structure

one of the two or more equally valid electron dot structures of a molecule or polyatomic ion

A carbon atom that displays linear geometry is likely to be participating in:

one triple bond and one single bond If carbon has a triple bond, it will show linear geometry. This can also happen if the carbon atom has two double bonds.

Which of the following will decrease the concentration of a solution?

adding more solvent removing moles of solute

When comparing H2 and HCl, the hydrogen atom in the HCl molecule will:

be surrounded by less electron density A chlorine atom will draw electron density away from the hydrogen atom, so hydrogen will have lost some electron density in the HCl molecule, whereas in a hydrogen molecule, each hydrogen has the same amount of electron density.

The characteristics of atoms are responsible for the following aspects of a type of matter

color density luster

pitchers shoulder is also known as ____

osteochondritis dissecans

In what direction will the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution shift if the temperature of a gas increases?

to the right

What is the change in enthalpy when 6.44 g of S reacts with excess O2 according to the following equation:

-79.5

greater than 90 less than 90 ex: serratus anterior

- if the line of pull at the angle is _____ than 90 degrees that muscle causes action at the joint - if the line of pull at the angle is _____ than 90 degrees that muscle causes stabilization through ROM Ex: the ______ can stabilize and mobilize the joint

What is the density of a 37.2 mL sample of sulfuric acid weighing 63.8 g, in grams per milliliter?

1.71 g/mL

What mass of H2 is required to produce 16 g H2O in the following reaction? 2H2+O2⟶2H2O

1.8 g H2

How many molecules are in 3 moles of benzene?

1.807x 10^24. Since a mole is a fixed amount, simply multiply the number of molecules in a mole, 6.022×1023, by the number of moles, 3, in order to determine the number of molecules in 3 moles.

Robert was able to travel 292.0 miles in 4.000 hours and used 38 liters of gasoline. What was Robert's speed in feet per second? (5280ft=1mi)

107.1 ft/s

A trigonal planar molecule will have bond angels of what degree?

120

What is the abbreviated electron configuration of Mn2+?

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^5

According to the Aufbau rule, what is the electron configuration of iron?

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6

Aqueous potassium carbonate reacts with aqueous silver nitrate to precipitate silver carbonate. What is the net ionic equation of this reaction?

2 Ag+(aq)+CO2−3(aq)→Ag2CO3(s)

Predict the result of mixing the following and determine whether precipitation is expected: 2 KI(aq)+Pb(NO3)2(aq)

2 KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s), yes

What should the distance between the root of the spine of the scapula and T3 be in static posture?

2 inches

What is the molar mass of a 1.9 g sample of gas exerting 3.5 atm of pressure at 575K in a 12.5 L container

2.05g/mol

Fill in the blanks with the coefficients for the balanced version of the following chemical equation: Na+H2O→NaOH+H2

2Na+2H2O→2NaOH+1H2

If a muscle originates at the scapula and inserts into the radius it will act on?

3 joints are acted on(if a muscle originates at the ___ and inserts at ___)

Humerus external rotation at base position?

40-60

How many barium atoms are in a 9.8×10−21 gram sample?

43 atoms

If a frying pan has a heat capacity of 500.J∘C and it absorbs 25,000 J of heat, what will be the change in temperature in degrees Celsius?

50c

How many atoms make up 3.29 grams of silicon?

7.05×10^22 atoms

How many grams of oxygen are needed to combust 20.0 grams of propane (C3H8)

72.6 g O2

An octahedral molecule will have what degree of bond angles?

90

Which of the following statements is implied by the first law of thermodynamics?

A change in the internal energy of a system is a result of either heat being transferred to or from the system and/or work being done on or by the system.

double bond

A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons

The net dipole of a molecule is always

A combination of the individual bond dipole

lateral epicondylitis

A common problem quite frequently associated with gripping and lifting activities that usually involves the extensor digitorum muscle near its origin on the lateral epicondyle; commonly known as tennis elbow. (overuse injury)

Ion-dipole forces are?

A force of attraction between an ion and a neutral molecule that has a dipole

Resultant movement of ribs 7-10?

"Bucket Handle" increases laterally and supeiorly

Resultant movement of ribs 11 and 12?

"Caliper" increases laterally

Resultant movement of ribs 1-6?

"pump handle" increases A to P

How many moles of CuSO4 are present in a 45.0 g sample?

0.282 moles

If 250 kJ of energy are absorbed in the following reaction, how many moles of CO2 reacted:

0.54

the interosseous membrane is the ________, distributes ___, and has ___ ____

1) connective tissue between radius and ulna 2) pressure 3) muscular attachment

110 grams of baking soda (NaHCO3) is equal to how many moles?

1.3 moles

How many moles are in 81 g of iron?

1.45 moles

What is the mass, in grams, of 0.2270 moles Au2O3?

100.3 g

A gas mixture used for anesthesia contains 2.83 mol oxygen (O2), and 8.41 mol of nitrous oxide (N2O). The total pressure of the mixture is 192 kPa. What is the partial pressure of N2O?

144kPa

What is the molar mass of methane (CH4)

16.043 g/mol

The temperature of a substance changes by 1K. This is equal to a temperature change of ________?

1c

For a diatomic molecule, how many molecular orbitals will have an n value of 1?

2 For a diatomic molecule there will be a σ1s bonding orbital and a σ∗1s antibonding orbital.

How much heat is required to evaporate 100.0 g of hydrogen sulfide H2S, at its boiling point? The enthalpy of vaporization of hydrogen sulfide at its boiling point 18.67 kJ/mol.

55 kJ

the scaphoid is ___ to ___ %

60-70

Which of the following factors used in a dimensional analysis calculation have a finite number of significant figures (in other words, they are not exact numbers) that might limit the precision of the calculated value?

A measurement of speed equaling (27.7 km/hour)

Identify which of the following would be insoluble.

AgCl

example of incomplete octect

BI3, BeH2

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7; first set of seven bones, forming the neck

What is the formula of cobalt(II) fluoride?

CoF2

Of the following, which do not increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid? Select all that apply.

Constant temperature Increased temperature

If D represents density, M represents mass, and V represents volume, which equation below shows the correct relationship between mass, volume, and density? A. V=M×D B. D=M×V C. M=V/D D. D=M/V

D. D=M/V.

What SI unit do we use when measuring distance? Select the correct answer below: A. the yard B. the foot C. the inch D. the meter

D. The meter. Explanation: We use the meter when representing distance in SI units. The yard, foot, and inch measure distance but are not SI units.

Who determined the structure of the atomic nucleus?

Ernest Rutherford

Which of the following dissolves in water to yield hydronium ions

HBr HNO3 HI

Rather than numbering groups 1-18, another method of organization has been to number the transition metals separately (with the letter B) from the groups on the left and right sides on the periodic table (with the letter A). The A groups in this system would vary from ________.

IA to VIIIA

Of the following, which decreases the solubility of a gas in a liquid?

Increased temperature

O: upper 4 cervical vertebrae I: medial border of the scapula

O/I levator scapulae

Where should the inferior angle of the scapula be in static posture?

T7

Of the following, which are generally weak electrolytes?

Weak bases

Ionic compounds typically form between __________.

a metal and a nonmetal

pec. minor subclavius

anterior shoulder girdle muscles

any type of lesion in the brachial plexus area leads to..

functional impairment

By the Bronsted-Lowry definition, an acid is something that:

gives up a H+ ion

external rotation

infraspinatus action:

O: post. on upper and middle aspect of lateral border of scapula I: post. on greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor O/I

Which unit of pressure is equivalent to mm Hg

torr

Calculate the change in enthalpy associated with the combustion of 50.00 g of acetylene.

−2498.46kJ

A 30.0 mL sample of hydrogen gas (H2) is collected over water at 20.00∘C and has a total pressure of 700.0 torr. The partial pressure of water vapor at 20.00∘C is 17.5 torr. Calculate the mole fraction of H2 gas in the sample.

0.975

Draw the Lewis structure for SeO2 (selenium dioxide). How many equivalent resonance structures can be drawn that obey the octet rule?

1

How many lone pairs must an atom possess to have trigonal pyramidal molecular structure?

1

How many electrons does hydrogen need to gain to fill its valence shell?

1 The outermost shell (and, in fact, the only valence shell) of hydrogen is n=1, which can only hold two electrons. So hydrogen needs to gain 1 electron to fill its outermost shell.

1 bar is closest to what unit of pressure?

1 atm

what are the two types of translatory motion at the scapularthoracic junction?

1. elevation/depression 2. protraction/ retraction(abd/add)

How many bonds would oxygen need to form to obtain an octet?

2

A chemical symbol will most often have how many letters?

2 There can be one or two letters in a chemical symbol. Looking at the periodic table, we see that most symbols have two letters.

How many electrons total will be shown on the molecular orbital diagram for H2?

4 We must show the lone electron from each hydrogen atom in its 1s atomic orbital as well as both electrons in the sigma bonding molecular orbital.

normal Thoracic kyphosis angle

40 degrees

The circumference of the earth is approximately 40 million meters. This is closest to

40 megameters; 1,000,000 meters is equal to 1 megameter. 40,000,000 meters is then equal to 40 megameters.

Antimony pentafluoride has a formula of SbF5. What is the percent composition of Sb in this molecule?

56.2%

Which description best fits the definition of strong electrolyte

A strong electrolyte is a substance that dissociates or ionizes completely when dissolved in water.

Change 9.46×10−6 into standard notation. Select the correct answer below: A. 9,460,000 B. 0.00000946 C. 9.46 D. 0.000000946

B. 0.00000946. Explanation: Scientific notation is used to express very large and very small numbers as a product of two numbers. The first number of the product is usually a number not less than 1 and not greater than 10. The second number of the product, the exponential term, is written as 10 with an exponent. To convert 9.46×10−6 into standard notation move the decimal point to the left six place values to get 0.00000946.

Which is an example of a compound? Select the correct answer below: A. hydrogen B. water C. mercury D. oxygen

B. Water. Explanation: Water is an example of a compound, as it is comprised of both hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen, mercury, and oxygen are all examples of elements.

An ion results from an atom that gains or loses __________. Select the correct answer below: A. protons B. electrons C. neutrons D. orbitals

B. electrons.

What is the name for the binary compound: PCl3? Select the correct answer below: A. phosphorus trichlorine B. phosphorus trichloride C. monophosphorous chloride D. phosphorus chloride

B. phosphorus trichloride.

Which of the following is a correct statement about different elements that are in the same group in the periodic table? Select the correct answer below: A. They have the same atomic number. B. They have different chemical properties. C. They are in the same column of the periodic table. D. They are in the same row of the periodic table.

C. They are in the same column of the periodic table. Explanation: The vertical columns in the periodic table are called groups. Elements in the same column or group of the periodic table often have similar chemical properties.

Each square on the periodic table represents a(n): Select the correct answer below: A. period B. group C. element D. family

C. element. Explanation: Each square on the periodic table represents a singular element. The symbol is a short letter combination that is used as a standard across many languages. The symbol is often derived from the common or Latin name of the element.

Copper ions act as the cofactor in cellular energy production. Identify some sources of copper from the list below. Select the correct answer below: A. milk, kale, and cheese B. red meat and seafood C. liver, sunflower seeds, and lentils D. none of the above

C. liver, sunflower seeds, and lentils. Explanation: Red meat and seafood are sources of iron ions. They are not major sources of copper ions. Iron ions bind oxygen in hemoglobin.

Atoms of the same element can have different: Select the correct answer below: A. atomic numbers B. numbers of protons C. mass numbers D. none of the above

C. mass numbers. Explanation: By definition, atoms of a given element have a particular atomic number (which is the same as the number of protons), but they can have different mass numbers if they have differing numbers of neutrons.

Which of the following is used to abbreviate an element or an atom of a given element? Select the correct answer below: A. the mass number B. the atomic mass C. the chemical symbol D. the atomic number

C. the chemical symbol. Explanation: An element is is a substance that cannot be broken down or changed. Each element is represented with a chemical symbol which is an abbreviation for the element or an atom of an element.

Which is a possible molecular formula for a molecule with the empirical formula CH2O?

C12H24O12 or C6H12O6

The molar mass of a compound is 148 g/mol and its empirical formula is C4H10O. What is the molecular formula of this compound?

C8H20O2

A compound has a mass percentage of 53.46% C, 6.98% H, and 39.56% O. What is the empirical formula for this compound?

C9H14O5

Write the equation for heat capacity

C=q/ΔT

Which molecule will have no net dipole?

CCl4

A compound with the empirical formula of CH4O and a molar mass of 32 g/mol has a molecular formula of:

CH4O

Which of the following CHBr3, CHCl3 will have a higher boiling point?

CHBr3

Which molecule will engage in the strongest dispersion forces? CF4 CCl4 CBr4 CI4

CI4 CI4 is the largest molecule, as iodine atoms are larger than the other halogens listed. As the largest molecule, it will have the best ability to participate in dispersion forces.

Which of the following molecules or ions contain an oxygen atom with a positive formal charge?

CO H3O+ Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydronium (H3O+) both have an oxygen atom with a positive formal charge. Consider the Lewis structures for both these species. :C≡O: Oxygen has 6 valence electrons, and the oxygen atom in carbon monoxide has control over 5 electrons (3 bonding electrons and 2 non-bonding electrons) and so has a formal charge of +1.H−O|H⋅⋅−HThe oxygen atom in the hydronium ion has control over 5 electrons (3 bonding electrons and 2 non-bonding electrons) and so has a formal charge of +1.

Out of the following molecules, which has the same electron-pair geometry and molecular structure? SO₂, H₂O, NH₃, or CO₂

CO₂

Which facet joints carry more weight thoracic or cervical?

Cervical because of the thoracic vertebrae having a 60 degree horizontal plane creating a greater slope

Arthrokinematics of thoracic vertebrae for flexion, extension, rotation, and sidebending are similar to what?

Cervical vertebrae

Facet angles

Cervical- 45 degrees Thoracis- 60 degrees Lumbar- 90 degrees

Which of the following equations is a mathematical representation of Henry's Law?

Cg=kPg

According to KMT, if the temperature of a gas is increased, there will only be a constant pressure if volume increases. If this occurs, the average distance traveled by molecules will increase causing the decrease of the frequency of collisions and the number of collisions. What gas law is KMT explaining?

Charles's Law

Cesium sulfite is formed from the Cs+ cation and the SO2−3 anion. What is the correct formula for this compound?

Cs2​SO3​​ An ionic compound must be electrically neutral, so it must have the same number of positive and negative charges. Two cesium ions, each with a charge of 1+, would give us two positive charges, while one sulfite ion, with a charge of 2−, would give us two negative charges. Therefore, the formula is two cesium ions to one sulfite ion: Cs2SO3.

Write the correct formula for the following ionic compound: copper (I) fluoride.

CuF Copper (I) has a +1 charge and fluroine will have a −1 charge. The formula for copper (I) fluoride is CuF.

The image provided shows the typical heating curve for water. Identify the part of the curve at which H2O would be undergoing vaporization.

D

What is 498 mm in m? Select the correct answer below: A. 498 m B. 49.8 m C. 4.98 m D. 0.498 m

D. 0.498 m. Explanation: Multiplying the original value by the conversion factor 1 m/1000 mm gives us a value of 0.498 m.

Which group on the periodic table contains the halogens? Select the correct answer below: A. 1 B. 2 C. 16 D. 17

D. 17

What is the SI unit used to measure temperature? Select the correct answer below: A. Joule B. Celcius C. farenheit D. Kelvin

D. Kelvin. Explanation: Kelvin is the SI unit for measuring temperature. Joule is an SI unit, but is used to measure energy.

Information collected during an experiment is called: Select the correct answer below: A. facts B. knowledge C. opinions D. data

D. data. Explanation: Raw experimental information is called data, which can then be interpreted to form conclusions that lead to knowledge, facts, and opinions.

Chocolate chip cookies are a __________ mixture. Select the correct answer below: A. pure substance B. homogenous C. heteronormative D. heterogenous

D. heterogenous. Explanation: You can see the various chocolate chips, nuts, and cookie dough in chocolate chip cookies, making them a heterogenous mixture.

The chemical symbol "CL" with two capital letters is used to represent which element? Select the correct answer below: A. chlorigen B. chlorine C. clorominium D. it is not a valid chemical symbol

D. it is not a valid chemical symbol. Explanation: CL is not a valid chemical symbol because chemical symbols that contain 2 letters must have one upper case letter and one lower case letter, not 2 upper case letters.

MgCl2 is called __________. Select the correct answer below: A. magnesium dichloride B. magnesium chlorate C. monomagnesium chlorate D. magnesium chloride

D. magnesium chloride. Explanation: We do not need a prefix for magnesium, and chlorine will become chloride, giving us magnesium chloride.

The group that is least likely to ionize is the __________. Select the correct answer below: A. alkali metals B. transition metals C. halogens D. noble gases

D. noble gases. Explanation: The noble gases are also called the inert gases because they are very unlikely to react. This is because they have a full valence shell of electrons, which means they do not want to gain or lose any electrons. The other groups listed all readily ionize.

What is the measure of how easy it is for another electrostatic charge to distort a molecule's electron cloud? Select the correct answer below: A. wave-particle duality B. variability C. compressibility D. polarizability

D. polarizability. Explanation: If an electron cloud is easily distorted, then it is high in polarizability. If it is difficult to distort, then it is low in polarizability.

Which of the following is the correct name for KBr? Select the correct answer below: A. krypton bromine B. potassium bromine C. krypton bromide D. potassium bromide

D. potassium bromide. Explanation: KBr is potassium bromide, a binary compound with monatomic ions.

Molecular compounds differ from ionic compounds because atoms will __________ electrons in molecular compounds instead of gaining or losing them. Select the correct answer below: A. destroy B. migrate C. accumulate D. share

D. share.

Homogeneous mixtures may be in any phase EXCEPT: Select the correct answer below: A. gas B. liquid C. solid D. they may be in any phase

D. they may be in any phase. Explanation: Mixtures of gases will always be homogeneous. Mixtures of liquids are often homogeneous, like ocean water. Solids can also be homogeneous mixtures when considering alloys of different metals.

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for: the structure of the DNA backbone DNA base pairing the number of bases in DNA none of the above

DNA base pairing

Which of the following is very reactive and can readily combine with molecules containing atoms with lone pairs?

Electron deficient electrons

Prior to Bohr, the most updated version of atomic structure came courtesy of:

Ernest Rutherford

Who developed the wave equation of the electron?

Erwin Schrodinger

Which scientist is primarily responsible for the development of the electron wave equation (represented below)? Ĥ ψ=Eψ

Erwin Schrödinger

True or false, Scapular upward rotation has a fixed axis

False, the ICR is moving based on the position of the scapula

Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction: Hg2++Fe→Hg2+Fe3+

Fe

The chemical formula for iron(III) sulfate is: (hint: the sulfate ion has a 2- charge)

Fe2(SO4)3 If iron is 3+ and sulfate is 2−, they will combine in a 2:3 ratio. It takes two iron (III) ions and three sulfate ions for the charges to balance.

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexion of Fingers & Thumb(Opposition)

what are the three upper extremity elevations?

Flexion, Abduction, and Scaption

Write the acid-base reaction between the weak base ammonia NH3 and the strong acid hydrobromic acid HBr.

HBr(aq) + NH3(aq) → NH4+(aq) + Br-(aq)

Which molecule can exhibit hydrogen bonding? CH4 HOCH2CH2OH O2 H2CO

HOCH2CH2OH

Which noble gas will have the greatest molecular velocities?

He

_________ is the quantity of heat a body of matter absorbs or releases when it experiences a temperature change of 1∘ C.

Heat capacity

Dipole-dipole attractions increases in magnitude with:

Increasing bond polarity

When drawing a Lewis structure for a free radical, which type of atom is more likely to receive the unpaired electron?

Less electronegative element

What range of motion is better in the lower thoracic vertebrae?

Like lumbar so flexion extension ROM is best

Which pair of electron domains generates the most repulsion?

Lone pair

Which molecule will have the strongest bond?

N2 A nitrogen molecule has a triple bond, while the rest have double or single bonds.

A compound is made up of 28.2 g N, 20.8 g P, 42.9 g O, and 8.1 g H. What is the empirical formula?

N3H12PO4

Which of the following has the largest dipole moment? NCl3 BF3, CO2, CF4

NCl3

If all of the ions in a complete ionic equation are spectator ions, what kind of reaction is occurring?

No reaction

sig fig rules

Non-zero digits are always significant. (4.3=2 SF) Any zeros between two significant digits are significant. (4.03=3 SF) Leading zeros are not significant. (0.00043=2SF) Trailing zeros are only significant if they are in a decimal. (10,000=1SF) (0.10000=5SF)

O: Spinous process of 4th-12th thoracic vertebrae (ALL thoracic vertebrae) I: Triangular space at the base of the scapular spine

O/I lower trap

the triceps brachii originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

O: scapula, humerus, humerus I: olecranon process of ulna

Object A has a density of 2.0 g cm3 and a mass of 100 g. Object B a density of 0.8 g cm3 and a mass of 240 g. Object C a density of 5.0 g cm3 and a mass of 100 g. Which of the objects above (A, B, or C) has the least volume?

Object C

Which of the following is the equation for pressure?

P=F/A

What is a sulcus test?

Pt. relaxed, PT performs and inferior glide to see the distance of pull, the presence of a sulcus in the acromial space as a result of the pull is indicative of a positive test

Based on molecular geometry, which of the following molecules could have net dipole moments if all bonds present were polar? CS2, SeS2, PCl3 (P is the central atom) ClNO (N is the central atom)

SeS2, PCl3 (P is the central atom), ClNO (N is the central atom)

What will be the molecular geometry for a molecule with a central atom that has five regions electron density if one of the regions of electron density is a lone pair?

Seesaw

Steric number

Steric number is the number of atoms bonded to a central atom of a molecule plus the number of lone pairs attached to the central atom. The steric number of a molecule is used in VSEPR

T or F: Shoulder girdle is NOT dependent on the shoulder joint and its muscles

T

T or F: shoulder dislocations are likely to reoccur

T

A central atom with three single bonds and three lone pairs will exhibit what molecular structure?

T-shaped

Where are Costotransverse joints found?

T1-T10

Which of the following defines mass?

The amount of matter in an object

carrying angle

The angle between the humerus and ulna when the arm is in anatomical position. 5-15 degrees

What is the soft tissue buttress of the glenohumeral joint?

The musculature around the glenohumeral joint provide a self centering mechanism for the humeral head

T1 and T12 are what type of vertebrae?

Transitional

In November 2018, the kilogram was redefined in terms of Planck's constant. Before this, the kilogram was based on

a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy

According to the first law of thermodynamics, work done by a system will cause _________ in the internal energy, assuming that no heat is transferred to or from the system

a decrease

Which particle contributes neither to the atomic number nor the mass number of an atom?

electron

Thomson's research led to the discovery that

electrons have a negative charge

A reaction that absorbs heat is ________ and has a _______ enthalpy.

endothermic, positive

When a substance undergoes a chemical reaction in a closed system, which of the following will NOT change?

energy mass

When a substance is entering a phase change, the gain or loss of heat is a result of:

energy gained or lost in forming or breaking intermolecular interactions

Which of the following is a state function?

enthalpy pressure internal energy

Which of the following are types of energy?

heat chemical potential kinetic Potential energy is the energy an object has by virtue of its position in a field and it converts to kinetic energy which is the energy of motion. Thermochemistry is the study of heat exchange during chemical reactions and metabolism is the process of converting chemical energy to usable energy in a living organism.

the humeroulnar is a ___ joint, is composed of the ___ and ___, and is involved in ___ and ___ motions

hinge, trochlea and ulna, flexion and extension

7 2 joint muscles have action action at?

hip and knee (how many muscles act on both?)

Which type of intermolecular force predominates between NH3 molecules? hydrogen bonding London dispersion forces covalent interactions ionic bonding

hydrogen bonding An isolated ammonia molecule, just like a water molecule, can form strong hydrogen bonds with either hydrogen bond donors or acceptors. Ammonia is more basic than water, and, therefore, ammonia is a better hydrogen bond acceptor than water. Each ammonia molecule can hydrogen bond to two others.

An acute injury has..

just occurred or is only a few days old

clavicle

movements of the shoulder girdle can be described as movements of the scapula, but it is important to remember that wherever the scapula goes, the _______ follows

Retraction

moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

O: distal 1/4 of the anterior side of the ulna I: distal 1/4 of the anterior side of the radius

pronator quadratus O/I

the superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments

provides stability to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint

what muscle is the culprit for scapular winging?

serratus anterior

raising the arm laterally requires the what muscles to do what

serratus anterior: upwardly rotate the scapula supraspinatus and deltoid muscles: perform glenohumeral abduction

A law is formed when

testing yields consistent observations

What is the standard SI unit of mass?

the kilogram

What restricts thoracic ROM?

the ribs

A mole of one element contains _______ number of atoms as a mole of another element.

the same

In order to form a solution when combined, two compounds must have:

the same polarity

The Schrödinger equation relies on which of the following principles?

the wave-like character of electrons

In Schrodinger's equation (Hψ=Eψ), what does ψ represent?

the wavefunction of the particle

What is the standard SI unit of mass? Select the correct answer below: A. the pound B. the meter C. the kilogram D. the gram

C. the kilogram. Explanation: The standard SI unit of mass is the kilogram. The gram and the pound are also units of mass but only the kilogram is the SI unit of mass. The meter is the SI unit of length.

When aqueous solutions of NaCl and AgNO3 are mixed, a reaction occurs that produces NaNO3(aq) and AgCl(s). What is the net ionic equation for this reaction?

Cl−(aq)+Ag+(aq)⟶AgCl(s)

1 Calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to heat __________. Select the correct answer below: A. 1g of water by 1∘C B. 1kg of water by 1∘C C. 1kg of water by 100∘C D. 1g of water by 100∘C

B. 1 kg of water by 1∘C. Explanation: The measure of energy required to heat 1kg of water by 1∘C is 1Calorie. Note that Calorie is capitalized. When the unit used is calorie (in lower case), it is the energy required to heat 1g of water by 1∘C.

In the equation for the orbital radii in hydrogen-like atoms, a0 is called the:

Bohr radius a0 is equal to 5.292×10−11 m.

What is produced as a result of rapidly fluctuating induced dipoles and instantaneous dipoles? Select the correct answer below: A. ionic bonding B. hydrogen bonding C. dipole-dipole bonding D. dispersion force

D. dispersion force. Explanation: The electrons of an atom are in constant motion so they can spontaneously develop a dipole if the electrons are distributed asymmetrically. This dipole can distort neighboring electrons and cause induced dipoles. Both these dipoles rapidly fluctuate producing a weak electrostatic attraction known as the dispersion force.

Which two subatomic particles would have a combined unit charge of 0? Select the correct answer below: A. proton, neutron B. proton, positron C. neutron, electron D. electron, proton

D. electron, proton. Explanation: Two subatomic particles that when combined have a 0 net charge are the electron (−1) and the proton (+1).

shouldnt have double bonds

Halogens, Flourine

Between ICl and Br2 which of the following would have the higher boiling point?

ICl- Compounds with stronger intermolecular forces will have higher boiling points (ion ion > hydrogen bonding > dipole dipole > london dispersion). Br2 is nonpolar and only has dispersion forces. ICl is polar and has dipole-dipole attractions so it will have the higher boiling point.

Which group does lithium belong to? Select the correct answer below: A. noble gases B. halogens C. alkali metals D. alkaline earth metals

C. alkali metals

Which of the following does NOT correctly match the ion name with its ion symbol? Select the correct answer below: A. magnesium cation, Mg2+ B. barium cation, Ba2+ C. aluminum cation, Al3− D. iodide, I−

C. aluminum cation, Al3−. Explanation: All of the answer choices are correctly paired except for the aluminum cation, whose symbol should be Al3+.

Neutral atoms that gain electrons become __________. Select the correct answer below: A. neutrons B. protons C. anions D. cations

C. anions.

Which of the following gives all of the information necessary to determine the number of subatomic particles? Select the correct answer below: A. mass number B. atomic number C. atomic symbol D. element name

C. atomic symbol. Explanation: The atomic symbol includes the elemental symbol, the atomic number and the mass number. The latter two are the number of protons and the sum of the number of protons and neutrons, so it is possible to find the number of neutrons by subtracting atomic number from mass number.

What can be observed without changing the composition of matter? Select the correct answer below: A. flammability B. reactivity C. boiling point D. toxicity

C. boiling point. Explanation: A physical property can be observed without changing the composition of matter. Flammability, toxicity, and reactivity are all chemical properties, whereas boiling point is a physical property.

Which element belongs to the alkaline earth metals? Select the correct answer below: A. aluminum B. sodium C. calcium D. chromium

C. calcium

Ca(ClO3)2 is called __________. Select the correct answer below: A. calcium chlorite B. calcium hypochlorite C. calcium chlorate D. calcium perchlorate

C. calcium chlorate. Explanation: Ca2+ will combine with ClO−3, the chlorate ion, in a 1:2 ratio.

Sugar and water, with appropriate heat, can create caramel. In this example, sugar is undergoing a ___________. Select the correct answer below: A. electrical change B. kinetic change C. chemical change D. physical change

C. chemical change.

The charges on the proton and electron are typically measured in: Select the correct answer below: A. volts B. amperes C. coulombs D. daltons

C. coulombs. Explanation: These fundamental particles bear the fundamental unit of charge, which is either positive or negative 1.602×10−19 coulombs.

Which van der Waals force is present in all condensed phases? Select the correct answer below: A. hydrogen bonding B. dipole-dipole bonding C. dispersion force D. all of the above

C. dispersion force. Explanation: The dispersion force is present in all condensed phases because it arises from temporary charge development that spontaneously occurs in all compounds.

Hydrogen bonds are formed between hydrogen and _____. Select the correct answer below: A. nonpolar molecules B. cations C. electronegative atoms D. all of the above

C. electronegative atoms. Explanation: Hydrogen bonds are formed between hydrogen and the three most electronegative atoms (nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine). The relatively large difference in the partial charges of each atom in N−H, O−H and F−H bonds allow for very strong dipole-dipole attractions between molecules that contain them.

Which would NOT be an appropriate unit for density? Select the correct answer below: A. g/mL B. kg/m^3 C. g/s D. all of the above are acceptable

C. g/s. Explanation: Density is an expression of mass per volume, and seconds are a unit of time, so this does not work for density.

Which phase exhibits the weakest intermolecular forces? Select the correct answer below: A. solids B. liquids C. gases D. these will all exhibit the same degree of interaction

C. gases. Explanation: The gas phase is the only phase where we consider the particles to be essentially not interacting with one another at all, as the particles are far apart rather than being in constant contact.

Dipole-dipole attractions increase in magnitude with __. Select the correct answer below: A. increasing molecular mass B. decreasing molecular mass C. increasing bond polarity D. none of the above

C. increasing bond polarity. Explanation: As covalent bonds become more polar, dipoles become greater in magnitude, and thus the resulting dipole-dipole attractions increase in magnitude.

Which of the following CANNOT be classified as a compound? Select the correct answer below: A. carbon dioxide B. sodium chloride C. lithium D. sugar

C. lithium. Explanation: Lithium is an element. The rest are made of multiple elements.

C12H22O11 is an example of a(n): Select the correct answer below: A. ionic compound B. empirical compound C. molecular compound D. salt compound

C. molecular compound. Explanation: it consists of two or more elements that are nonmetals, and are covalently bonded.

The oil settles on the surface of the water after an oil spill because: Select the correct answer below: A. it takes a long time to sink B. the water is less dense than the oil C. oil is less dense than water D. the water has more atoms, causing it to sink

C. oil is less dense than water.

Which of the following is NOT a chemical change? Select the correct answer below: A. sodium metal and chlorine gas form sodium chloride B. an iron pipe rusts C. tap water is run through a filter D. milk turns sour

C. tap water is run through a filter. Explanation: Filtration will separate substances, but no chemistry is occurring, so it is not an example of a chemical change. Formation of sodium chloride, a rusting pipe, and milk turning sour are all examples of chemical changes.

unhybridized

Pi bonds consist of (Hybridized/Unhybridized) orbitals

What is the molecular formula of a compound with a percent composition of 49.47% C, 5.201% H, 28.84% N, and 16.48% O, and a molecular mass of 194.2 amu?

C8H10N4O2

Which is the largest unit of energy

Calorie

functional vs. structural scoliosis

- functional: flexible deviation that corrects by bending - structural: permanent, hereditary deviation

If a neutral acid donates a proton, the conjugate base will have a charge of

-1

Mean free path increases with:

-increasing temperature -decreasing pressure

Scapular protraction/retraction will produce what motions in the clavicle?

Protraction and retraction......duh :)

What are the two ligaments that attach to the head of the humerus for stability?

Coracohumeral ligament and Superoglenohumeral ligament

What ligament is responsible for the shift of the Axis of rotation to the AC joint?

Costoclavicular ligament

A chef is having trouble cutting a large steak. Which of the following actions could the chef take to help cut the steak (increase the pressure)?

-sharpen his knife to make the blade of the knife thinner and decrease the surface area -increase the force of his cut

A gas with a molar mass of 26.54 g/mol is at a pressure of 172 torr and 27∘C. What is its density?

.24 g/l

How many filled molecular orbitals are present in the molecular orbital diagram for H2?

1 Molecular hydrogen consists of two hydrogen atoms, each containing 1 electron in a 1s atomic orbital. Therefore, the molecular orbital diagram for H2 will have 2 electrons, both of which are placed in the lowest energy sigma bonding molecular orbital.

how many vertebrae do T1, T11, and T12 individually articulate with?

1 vertebrae

Kimetic molecular theory POSTULATES

1) Gases are comprised of molecules in continuous motion that are traveling in straight lines, changing directions only when they collide with each other or the sides of the container. 2) The molecules of themselves have negligible volume 3) The pressure that a gas exerts is a result of the gas particles colliding with the container (aka pressure). 4) Gas particles do not interact with one another, their collisions are elastic (ocurring with no loss of kinetic energy). 5) The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is proportional to the temperature of the gas in Kelvin.

Identify which of the following is soluble in water.

CsF

How many kilograms does a 40.0 lb-bag of cat food weigh? (1 lb=454 g). Select the correct answer below: A. 11.4 kg B. 0.088 kg C. 2.40 kg D. 18.2 kg

D. 18.2 kg. Explanation: Begin by starting with the value of 40.0 lb and multiply by a fraction that is equal to one that we are already aware of: 40.0 lb×454 g1 lb. When we multiply this value of 40.0 lb by this fraction, we can see that the units cancel, just like an algebraic variable: 40.0 lb×454 g1 lb. We repeat this process with a different conversion until we end up with the desired unit of kg: 40.0 lb×454 g1 lb×1 kg1000 g=18.16 kg. The answer should have three significant figures, so round to 18.2 kg.

What is 0.29 km in mm? Select the correct answer below: A. 2.9 mm B. 290 mm C. 29,000 mm D. 290,000 mm

D. 290,000 mm. Explanation: There are 1000 meters in 1 kilometer and 1000 millimeters in 1 meter, so there are 1,000,000 millimeters in a kilometer.

Which measurement of the length of an object is the most precise? Select the correct answer below: A. 4.3 cm B. 4.30 cm C. 4.308 cm D. 4.3084 cm

D. 4.3084 cm. Explanation: The more significant figures there are in a value, the more precise of a measurement it represents.

The macronutrient(s) present in food are __________. Select the correct answer below: A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. fats or oils D. all the above

D. All of the above. Explanation: The three major macronutrients present in food are proteins, carbohydrates, and fats or oils, constituting considerable amounts of calories in the food item.

The modern periodic table is based on one proposed by: Select the correct answer below: A. Antoine Lavoisier B. Lothar Meyer C. John Dalton D. Dmitri Mendeleev

D. Dmitri Mendeleev. Explanation: While other formats had been proposed, it was the predictive powers of Mendeleev's table that caused it to be the basis of chemistry from then on.

Rules of binary acid nomenclature:

1. The word "hydrogen" is changed to the prefix hydro- 2. The other nonmetallic element name is modified by adding the suffix -ic 3. The word "acid" is added as a second word.

What are the 5 available motions of the scapula on the thorax?

1. elevation/depression 2. Protraction/retraction 3. upward/downward rotation 4. anterior/posterior tilting 5. medial/lateral rotation

What are the two reasons UE elevation requires ER?

1. prevent impoingement of the greater tuberosity on the acromion 2. to provide a greater surface area for humeral head articulation

Convert 800. mmHg to atm

1.05

Calculate the heat capacity of 1,343 g of lead, given that 45 J is needed to raise the temperature by 29.8 ∘C.

1.5

What is the density of a sample of oxygen gas that exerts 1.5 atm of pressure at 300.K?

1.95g/L

How many electrons does O^2− contain?

10 electrons. Explanation: The following equation can be used to determine the number of electrons in an element: Overall charge=number of protons−number of electrons. The overall charge of the ion is −2. Rearranging and using the atomic number for the number of protons, we can solve for the number of electrons: Number of electrons=number of protons−overall charge. number of electrons=8−(−2)=10.

Electron pairs tend to occupy positions around the atom that

Minimize repulsion and maximize distance of seperation

1 food Calorie is equal to how many calories?

1000

Carbon dioxide will exist as a supercritical fluid at what set of conditions?

100∘C and 73.0 atm

what is the max range for humerus elevation?

120 degrees

A sample of phosphorus that weighs 3.243×10−2 g exerts a pressure of 31.89 kPa in a 56.0 mL bulb at 550.∘C. What is the molar mass of the phosphorus vapor?

124g/mol

At what temperature will a sample of neon gas exert a pressure of 0.750 atm and exhibit a density of 1.45 gL?

127k

A 16.0 g copper pan at 200.0∘C is plunged into 200.0 mL of water at 25.0∘C causing the water to rise to 67.0∘C. What is the specific heat of the copper?

16.52

Calculate the heat capacity of a 25.0 g iron kettle given that it takes 183 J to raise the temperature 10.0∘ C

18.3

A linear molecule will have what degree of bond angles?

180

What is the formula mass in atomic mass units for C6H12O6?

180.156 amu

A compound has a formula of Sb2F3. What is the percent composition of F in this molecule?

19%

The average high school student spends 330. minutes in class every day. How many seconds is this? Report your answer with the correct number of significant figures.

19,800 sec

The SI unit for energy is the Joule. Which of the following is/are equal to 1 joule?

1N×m 1kg×m^2/s^2

What is the electronic structure of V2+?

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d3 Vanadium's electron configuration is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3. Vanadium is a d-block transition metal, therefore we remove the two valence electrons from the 4s subshell to form vanadium(II), giving us 1s22s22p63s23p63d3. Alternatively, this can be written using the symbol [Ar] to represent the noble gas core; [Ar]3d3.

Which would be an invalid listing within an electron configuration?

1s^3

Chemical symbols on the periodic table will have a maximum of how many letters? Report your answer as a whole number with one significant figure

2

Grade ___ sprain or higher will create an elevation of the clavicle at the AC joint

2

A molecule with square planar geometry but with six electron regions has ______ lone pairs. Report your answer as an integer (whole number) and do not include decimal places. Do not include units in your response.

2 A molecule with square planar geometry but with six electron regions has two lone pairs. Square planar molecular structure accounts for four bonding pairs. If there are six total electron dense regions, and four are taken up by those bonding pairs, then the remaining two will be lone pairs. These lone pairs will occupy the positions that are opposite from one another in order to accommodate the greater repulsion, giving rise to the square planar geometry.

why do lower thoracic have increased flexion/extension?

2 degrees of freedom because facets are like lumbar in the sagittal plane

What is the density, in grams per liter, of a gas with a molar mass of 26.6gmol at 312K and 2.00 atm

2.08 g/l

An unknown metal absorbs 61 J of heat, and its temperature increases by 29∘C. What is the heat capacity of the metal?

2.1

If a gas displays a solubility of 0.031 M at a partial pressure of 140 kPa, what is the proportionality constant for this gas in this solvent and at this temperature?

2.2×10^−4

A sample of hydrogen at 1.5 atm and constant volume, is heated from 0∘C to 150∘C. What will be the final pressure?

2.3 atm

the degree total gliding and rotational movement of the acromioclavicular ligament is..

20-30 degrees (often known as separated shoulder)

How many neutrons are in the isotope 37Cl? (HINT: the 37 refers to the mass number of the isotope). Report your answer as a whole number without decimal places.

20. neutrons. Explanation: You can use the equation below to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom. Mass number−Number of protons=Number of neutrons. The mass number of the isotope (37) is given. We can read the atomic number of Cl from the periodic table to find that this element has 17 protons. Using these two values, we can calculate the number of neutrons. 37−17=20

A sample of oxygen at 300 torr and constant volume cools from 27∘C to −73∘C. What will be the final pressure?

200 torr

At what temperature in K will 4.00 moles of gas occupy a volume of 12.0 L at a pressure of 5.60 atm

205K

A power plant delivers about 21,000,000,000,000watts of electricity. Write this quantity in terawatts.

21 terawatts. Explanation: The prefix "tera" means 10^12, so 1TW=10^12W. To convert watts to terawatts, move the decimal point to the right 12 times, filling in or removing zeros as needed, and then use a prefix symbol, T, to represent 10^12. 21,000,000,000,000 W=21×1012W=21 TW

David is cooking a brisket and needs his casserole dish to be exactly 150∘C. It takes 32,000 J to heat the casserole dish to 150∘C from 0∘C. What is the heat capacity of the dish in joules per degrees Celsius?

213

The standard state involved for standard enthalpy of combustion implies:

25 degrees C at 1 atm

In the equation 5Z→2A+3B, how many molecules of Z must react to give 15 molecules of B?

25 molecules Z

A strawberry weighing 12 grams contains 4 Cal of nutritional energy. How many strawberries should a person consume to get 100 Cal of energy?

25 strawberries. 100 Cal/4Cal=25.

Determine the number of electrons in an atom of manganese.

25. Explanation: Since the atom has a neutral charge the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons. Therefore, we can see from the atomic number that an atom of manganese has 25 electrons.

Acetylene, a fuel used in welding torches, is comprised of 92.3% C and 7.7% H by mass. Find the molar mass if 1.10 g of acetylene occupies of volume of 1.00 L at 1.15 atm and 59.50∘C.

26.1 g/mol

Iron melts at 1535∘C. What would this temperature be in Fahrenheit

2795

How many bones are in the wrist and hand?

29

Jacob takes 7 classes, each 50.00 minutes long, every day of the 5 day school week. How many hours per week does he spend in class

29.17 hours a week

If 1 inch.=2.54cm, calculate the number of inches in 75.0cm.

29.4 inches. Explanation: 75.0/2.54=29.4.

A 73.0 g piece of metal with specific heat 0.622 Jg∘C and at 105∘C is placed in 300. g of water at 27.0∘C. What will be the final temperature of the water?

29.7∘C

A molecule with linear geometry but five electron regions has ______ lone pairs.

3 A molecule with linear geometry but five electron regions has three lone pairs. Linear geometry accounts for two bonding pairs. If there are five total electron dense regions and two are taken up by bonding pairs, then the remaining three must be by lone pairs

What is the maximum bond order that is possible for a bond between elements in the second row of the periodic table?v

3 No element in the second row can form more than a triple bond.

How many atoms are in 3.56 grams of copper?

3.37×10^22 atoms

what is the max rotation for SC joint anterior and posterior rotation?

30-55 degrees

Calculate the heat released by cooling 54.0 g H2O from 57.00∘C to −3.00∘C

31.3

A 248 g piece of copper is dropped into 390.0 g of water at 22.6∘C. The final temperature of the water was recorded as 39.9∘C. Calculate the initial temperature of the piece of copper. Assume that all heat transfer occurs between the copper and the water

336∘C

A gas with a molar mass of 28.86g/mol occupies 15.0 L of space at 25.0∘C and 200. kPa. What amount of gas, in grams, is present?

34.9 g

What is the formula mass in atomic mass units, for Al2(SO4)3?

342.14 amu

The nutritional energy content (in Calories) present in 86g of broccoli with 6g of carbohydrates, 2.6g of protein, and 0.3g of fat is __________.

35 Calories. Explanation: First, calculate the Calories provided by individual macronutrients. 6 g carb×4Cal/g carb2.6 g protein×4Cal/g protein0.3 g fat×9Cal/g fat=24Cal=10.4Cal=2.7Cal Then, add these together: 24+10.4+2.7=37.1Cal Finally, round to the nearest 5 to give an answer of 35Calories.

There are 200 tomatoes in a bushel. If an average tomato contains about 0.20g fat, 1.1g protein, and 4.8g carbohydrate, how many Calories are in 7 bushels of average-sized tomatoes? Round your answer to two significant figures.

36000 Calories. Explanation: To find the Caloric content, use the average values of 4 Calories per gram for carbohydrates, 4 Calories per gram for proteins, and 9 Calories per gram for fat. First find the Caloric content in one tomato, and then multiply by the number of tomatoes in a bushel, 200, and the number of bushels, 7. 1.1 gram protein×4 Calories per gram of protein+4.8 gram of carb×4 Calories per gram of carb+0.2 gram of fat×9 Calories per gram of fat=25.4 Calories. 25.4 Calories per tomato×200 tomatoes per bushel×7 bushels=35,560 Calories, which rounds to36,000 Calories.

Aluminum hydroxide is insoluble in water, but can be dissolved by hydrochloric acid in an acid-base reaction. What is the complete ionic equation of this reaction? Include any charges.

3H+(aq) + 3CL-(aq) + Al(OH)3(s) -> 3H2O(l) + Al3+(aq) + 3Cl-(aq)

According to VSEPR theory, electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form __________.

4

Four atomic orbitals will combine to give how many hybrid orbitals?

4

How many molecular geometries are possible for a compound that has a central atom with five regions of electron density (trigonal bipyramidal electron pair geometry)?

4 The molecular geometry of a compound with trigonal bipyramidal electron pair geometry is dependent on the number of lone pairs on the central atom. If all five regions of electron density are bonding pairs, then the molecular geometry is the same as the electron pair geometry, trigonal bipyramidal. If there is only one lone pair and four bonding pairs, the compound will have a see-saw molecular geometry. If there are two lone pairs and three bonding pairs, the compound will have a t-shaped molecular geometry. If there are three lone pairs and two bonding pairs, the compound will have a linear molecular geometry. Therefore, 4 different molecular geometries are possible for a compound with a central atom that has five regions of electron density.

How many electrons are in antibonding molecular orbitals based on the molecular orbital diagram for O2 given that each O electron configuration is (2s22p4)? Do not include electrons from the 1s shell in your count.

4 We must show the six valence electrons for each oxygen atom in the atomic orbitals to the sides, as well as all twelve electrons again in the molecular orbitals that are generated. There are 4 electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals (designated with the *): (σ∗2s)2 and (π∗2py)1(π∗2pz)1.

How many atoms are in 5.21 grams of arsenic?

4.19×10^22 atoms

A prospector panning for gold (Au) in a river collects 15.00 g of pure gold. How many Au atoms are in this quantity of gold?

4.585×10^22 atoms (15/196.97)6.022x10^23

43.33 grams of iron is equivalent to how many atoms?

4.672×10^23 atoms

What is external rotation range from base position?

40-60

Calculate the heat capacity of a sample of water, in joules per degree Celsius, given that it takes 928J to raise the temperature of the sample by 22.7∘C.

40.9

What is the mass in grams of 1.900×1024 iodine atoms?

400.4 g

At what temperature will 0.750 moles of oxygen gas occupy 10.0 L and exert 2.50 atm of pressure?

406k

a tennis serve is equivalent to holding a __ lb weight on head of racket

42

What is the mass of a sample of barium carbonate (BaCO3) that contains 21.30mol? Your answer should have four significant figures.

4203 g

injuries account for over ___ million dollars and ___% of hospital admissions

435, 40%

what are the values for SC joint elevation and depression ROM?

45 degrees of elevation 15 degrees of depression

how big is a healthy subacromial space?

5 DIMES HIGH!!!!! :)

Calculate the number of atoms in 37.1 grams of LiBr.

5.15 × 10^{23} Keep in mind that you need to multiply the number of formula units of LiBr, calculated using Avogadro's number, by the number of atoms in each formula unit (2). 37.1 g(1 mol LiBr/86.844 g LiBr)(6.022×1023 formula units/mol)= 2.573×10^23 formula units 2.573×1023 formula units(2 atoms/formula unit of LiBr)=5.145×1023 atoms Therefore, after rounding the answer to three significant figures, we find that there are 5.15×1023atoms in 37.1g of LiBr.

How much heat, in joules, must be added to a 500 g iron skillet to increase its temperature from 25∘C to 250∘C? The specific heat of iron is 0.451J/g∘C.

5.1×104 J

In terms of transverse plane static posture, what is the scapulo-clavicular angle?

50 degrees

Complete the following operation to the correct number of significant figures: 4.5×11.41= _________.

51. Explanation: When we multiply or divide, our answer should have the same number of significant figures as the number with the fewest significant figures. In this case, the number with the fewest significant figures is 4.5, so our answer should have two significant figures. To round 51.345 to two significant figures, round to the nearest whole number. Round down because the next digit is a 3. The answer with the correct number of significant figures is 51.

At what temperature will a sample of xenon gas exert a pressure of 1.45 atm and exhibit a density of 4.39 g/L?

528K

A sample of nitrogen gas, (N2), occupies 45.0 mL at 27.00∘C and 80.0 kPa. What will be the pressure if the gas is cooled to −73.00∘C at constant volume?

53.3 kPa

What is 198 g + 334.6 g, rounded to the proper number of significant figures?

533 grams. Explanation: The sum of these two numbers, 532.6 g, must be rounded to the units place because that is the same number of decimal places as the value with the least number of decimal places in the question (198 g). Thus the 6 is rounded up and the correctly rounded answer is 533 g.

Find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in 133/55Cs.

55 protons, 78 neutrons, 55 electrons. Explanation: Start by using the atomic number from the symbol 13355Cs to find the number of protons. The 55 in the lower left is the atomic number, which means it is also the number of protons. In an uncharged atom, the number of protons matches the number of electrons, so there are also 55 electrons. The mass number is written in the upper left corner and is equal to the number of protons and neutrons. Mass number= protons+neutrons. Number of neutrons= mass number-protons (133-55=78). Therefore, 133/55Cs has 55 protons, 78 neutrons, and 55 electrons.

What will be the volume occupied by 2.5 moles of nitrogen gas exerting 1.75 atm of pressure at 475K?

56L

A compound that weighs 40.8 g contains 23.6 g Sb and 17.2 g F. What is the percent composition of antimony?

57.8%

A 27.6 g compound is made up of 16.4 g N and 11.2 g C. What is the percent composition of nitrogen in this compound?

59.4%

Unintentional injuries are the ___th leading cause of death in the US

5th

A sulfur atom can make up to ____ bonds in a Lewis structure.

6 With six valence electrons, sulfur can make a maximum of six bonds.

For every mole of a particular product formed, how many molecules will there be?

6.022×10^23

Which of the following is equivalent to a mole of oxygen atoms?

6.022×10^23

There are ________ atoms of calcium in a 40.08 gram sample

6.022×10^23 atoms

Calculate the number of total atoms in 195 grams of Ni(OH)2.

6.33 x 10^24 195 g × 1 mol Ni(OH)/292.707 g Ni(OH)2× 6.022×10^23/ formula units mol=1.27×1024 formula units of Ni(OH)2 Since there are 5 atoms—one Ni atom, two atoms of O and two atoms of H—in each formula unit of Ni(OH)2, we multiply the number of formula units calculated above by 5: 1.27×1024 formula units of Ni(OH)2×5 atoms formula unit of Ni(OH)2=6.33×1024 total atoms

upper fibers of pec major: flexion up to __ degrees, abduction after __ degrees, and adduction below __ degrees

60, 90, 90

theoretical yield of a reaction is 18.0 g, and the actual yield is 12.0 g, what is the percent yield for the reaction

66.7%

__% of fractures are humeral fractures

7

What is the percent yield of water if we start with 5 g C3H8 and produce 6.13 g H2O?

75.03%

The formula of nitric acid is HNO3. Determine the percent composition of oxygen in this compound. Your answer should have four significant figures.

76%

A balloon has a volume of 2.3L at 25.00∘C. Upon increasing the temperature, the balloon expands to 2.7 L. What is the temperature at this increased volume?

77c

A sample occupies 68.0 mL at 40.0∘C and 95.0 kPa. What pressure will it have if cooled to −20.0∘C while the volume remains constant?

77kpa

The Lewis symbol for the chloride ion will have how many dots?

8. Explanation: If a chlorine atom gains an electron to become the chloride ion, it will have 8 valence electrons and a full valence shell. This means its Lewis symbol will have 8 dots.

How many moles of hydrogen atoms are there in 120 g of C6H12O6? Your answer should have two significant figures.

8.0 g

How many moles of hydrogen atoms are there in 120 g of C6H12O6?

8.0 moles Hyrdogen

A star has a radius of about 84,000,000meters. Write this value in scientific notation.

8.4 x 10^7. Explanation: Because the magnitude of this number is greater than 1, the exponent will be positive. Move the decimal point to the left until the number has a single digit in the ones place. In this case, the decimal point is moved 7 places to the left to get the number 8.4, and this means the exponent is 7. Therefore, 84,000,000=8.4×107.

supination of the elbow is about _ to _ degrees

80-90

A compound has a formula of Sb2F3. What is the percent composition of Sb in this molecule?

81%

What mass of CO2 will sublimate given 500 kJ of energy at room temperature?

843g

Humerus external rotation at 90 degrees of abduction?

90-100 degrees

Phase 2A elevation

90-120 degrees of elevation Clavicle elevation tension loads costoclavicular ligaments which limits elevation to 30 degrees ICR shifting to AC joint

Which of the following is an example of a chemical (as opposed to physical) change?

A chemical change results from a chemical reaction, while a physical change is when matter changes forms but not chemical identity.

polarity

A lack of electrical symmetry in a molecule. Charge differences on opposite ends of a structure.

In the ionic compound, Ba(NO3)2, what is the charge of the cation? Select the correct answer below: A. 2+ B. 2− C. 3+ D. 3−

A. 2+. Explanation: The cation is barium. If you look on the periodic chart, barium is in the second column. Each of the elements in this column has 2 valence (outer shell) electrons which means they would carry a 2+ charge when combining with an anion.

A tiny gas bubble in a carbonated beverage contains 2.69×1012 carbon dioxide molecules. Write the number of molecules in standard notation. Select the correct answer below: A. 2,690,000,000,000 B. 0.00000000000269 C. 269,000,000,000,000 D. 269,000,000,000

A. 2,690,000,000,000. Explanation: The exponent, 12, is positive, so move the decimal point to the right 12 times, adding 0s as needed to find the value. Therefore, 2.69×1012=2,690,000,000,000.

Carbon dioxide has a density of 2.0gL. What mass will a 3.5 L sample of carbon dioxide have? A. 7.0 g B. 0.57 g C. 1.8 g D. 1.1 g

A. 7.0 g. Explanation: If density is mass over volume, then mass is density times volume. m =d×v 7.0g=2.0g/L×3.5 L

Which prefix means one one-hundredth? Select the correct answer below: A. centi B. deci C. milli D. kilo

A. Centi. Explanation: Deci is one tenth, milli is one one-thousandth, and kilo is one thousand.

Is the greater trochanter easy or hard to palpate?

Easy to palpate (what in leg?)

T or F: loss of function at the wrist can be replaced by movements at the other joints

F...CANNOT

Hypervalent molecules require that central atoms access:

S,p, and d

rotator cuff muscles

SITS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis

Which group of ions participates in the transmission of nerve impulses? Select the correct answer below: A. Na+,K+,Cl− B. Na+,Mg2+,Cl− C. Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl− D. H+,Mg2+,Fe2+

A. Na+,K+,Cl−. The chloride ion Cl−, sodium ion Na+, and potassium ion K+.

Which of the following careers would require the use of chemistry on a daily basis? Select the correct answer below: A. Pool operator B. Nature conservationist C. Surveyor D. Civil Engineer

A. Pool operator. Explanation: Pool operators need to understand how to check and monitor chemicals within the pool to ensure that the chlorine levels are safe. This is something that they would check daily and requires a knowledge of how chemicals react to each other.

What is the role of potassium ions K+? Select the correct answer below: A. Potassium ions transmit nerve impulses and help maintain fluid balance throughout the body. B. Potassium ions make up a large amount of ionic structure of bone and teeth. C. Potassium ions form a part of binding complex in the hemoglobin on red blood cells. D. Potassium ions are used to form a gradient for energy production.

A. Potassium ions transmit nerve impulses and help maintain fluid balance throughout the body.

When is chemistry encountered in everyday life? Select the correct answer below: A. Washing hair with shampoo. B. A cat jumping to catch a bird. C. Listening to music on the radio. D. Running down the street to catch the bus.

A. Washing hair with shampoo. Explanation: Chemistry is at play when shampoo is used to clean our hair. It is due to the properties of soap (shampoo), water, and oils in dirt that allow soap to clean our bodies.

Which of the following is true? Select the correct answer below: A. a law is formed when testing yields constant observations. B. a law is formed when additional testing supports the hypothesis. C. a theory is formed when testing yields one observation. D. a theory is formed when testing yields multiple observations.

A. a law is formed when testing yields constant observations. Explanation: A law is formed when testing yields constant observations.

Which is an example of a homogeneous mixture? Select the correct answer below: A. air B. breakfast cereal C. soil D. oxygen

A. air. Explanation: Air is an example of a homogeneous mixture, oxygen is an element and the remaining options are heterogenous mixtures.

NH4NO3 is called ________. Select the correct answer below: A. ammonium nitrate. B. ammonium nitrite. C. nitrogen nitrate. D. nitrogen nitrite.

A. ammonium nitrate. Explanation: NH^+4 is the ammonium ion and NO^−3 is the nitrate ion, hence ammonium nitrate.

Which of these methods is used to measure the caloric content of food? Select the correct answer below: A. bomb calorimetry B. colorimetry C. mass spectrometry D. spectrophotometry

A. bomb calorimetry. Explanation: The average amounts of energy associated with different types of macronutrients are derived from numerous results given by bomb calorimetry of whole foods.

A __________ contains more than one type of substance as part of its composition. Select the correct answer below: A. mixture B. pure substance C. compound D. element

A. mixture. Explanation: A mixture contains more than one type of element or compound. A mixture can be categorized as homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on whether it has a uniform composition or not.

When a neutral atom gains an electron, it will have a Select the correct answer below: A. negative charge. B. positive charge. C. neutral charge. D. reduced mass.

A. negative charge. Explanation: Any time the number of electrons and protons in an atom are not equal, the atom will not be neutral (it will be charged: an ion).

When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a __________. Select the correct answer below: A. negatively charged ion, known as an anion B. negatively charged ion, known as a cation C. positively charged ion, known as an anion D. positively charged ion, known as a cation

A. negatively charged ion, known as an anion. Explanation: Electrons are negatively charged. When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is referred to as an anion. When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged and is referred to as a cation.

Which particle is NOT part of most atoms? Select the correct answer below: A. positron B. proton C. neutron D. electron

A. positron. Explanation: The positron is an antimatter particle, whereas the other three options are found in all atomic matter.

Which of the following does not belong to the noble gases? Select the correct answer below: A. potassium B. neon C. argon D. helium

A. potassium. Explanation: Potassium belongs to the alkali metals and not the noble gases.

The number of __________ in an atom is automatically known if the element is specified. Select the correct answer below: A. protons B. neutrons C. electrons D. none of the above

A. protons. Explanation: Every element has a characteristic number of protons in the nucleus. So if one knows the type of element, one must also know the number of protons in the nucleus.

When dealing with significant figures, the rules for adding values are the same as the rules for: Select the correct answer below: A. subtracting values B. multiplying values C. dividing values D. none of the above

A. subtracting values. Explanation: Adding and subtracting follow the same rules when dealing with precision and significant figures.

The symbol for a specific isotope of any element is written by placing the mass number as a ______________________ of the element symbol. Select the correct answer below: A. superscript to the left B. superscript to the right C. subscript to the left D. subscript to the right

A. superscript to the left. The symbol for a specific isotope of any element is written by placing the mass number as a superscript to the left of the element symbol. The atomic number is sometimes written as a subscript preceding the symbol, but since this number defines the element's identity, as does its symbol, it is often omitted.

When naming an ionic compound consisting of monoatomic ions, which ion will be listed first? Select the correct answer below: A. the cation B. the anion C. the ion with smaller magnitude of charge D. the ion with greater magnitude of charge

A. the cation. Explanation: By convention, we always list the cation first. For example, the compound sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound consisting of monoatomic ions. The cation is the sodium ion (Na+) which appears in the name before the chloride anion (Cl−).

Length is: Select the correct answer below: A. the measurement of distance B. the amount of matter in an object C. the force per unit area D. the space occupied by any sample of matter

A. the measurement of distance. Explanation: Length is a measurement of distance. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, pressure is the force per unit area, and volume is the space occupied by any sample of matter.

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for___. Select the correct answer below: A. the unexpectedly high boiling points for hydrides in period two. B. the increasing boiling points for hydrides going down a group C. the low boiling points of nonpolar molecules D. none of the above

A. the unexpectedly high boiling points for hydrides in period two. Explanation: The boiling points for water, ammonia, and hydrogen fluoride defy the linear trend put forth by other hydrides in their groups. Their hydrogen bonding causes them to boil at much higher temperatures than expected.

Which best describes the dipole-dipole attractions? They are specifically the interaction between_______. Select the correct answer below: A. two formal, or permanent, dipoles B. an instantaneous dipole and a formal dipole C. two temporary dipoles D. none of the above

A. two formal, or permanent, dipoles.

Which of the following substances will take the shape of a container it is placed in? Select the correct answer below: A. water B. ice cubes C. sand D. salt

A. water. Explanation: Water is a liquid, and will take the shape of its container. Ice cubes, sand, and salt are solids. And although they might seem to take the shape of their container when small enough, when separated out, they do not.

How does the scientific method begin? Select the correct answer below: A. with an observation B. by applying common sense to a problem C. asking friends about their opinions D. reading books

A. with an observation. Explanation: The scientific method always begins with an observation, because science aims to explain the natural world.

Check rein structures to extension

ALL, Anterio Annulus, Posterior Disk, abdominal muscles, SP

Which of the following statement(s) about dispersion forces are correct? -Larger and heavier atoms and molecules tend to exhibit stronger dispersion forces than smaller ones. -Dispersion forces are weaker between molecules that are not easily polarized. -Dispersion forces are stronger between molecules that are easily polarized. -All of the above

All of the above Dispersion forces are present between any two molecules (even polar molecules) when they are almost touching. Dispersion forces are present between all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. Larger and heavier atoms and molecules exhibit stronger dispersion forces than smaller and lighter ones. In a larger atom or molecule, the valence electrons are, on average, farther from the nuclei than in a smaller atom or molecule. They are less tightly held and can more easily form temporary dipoles. London dispersion forces tend to be stronger between molecules that are easily polarized and weaker between molecules that are not easily polarized.

medial epicondylitis

An elbow problem associated with the medial wrist flexor and pronator group near their origin on the medial epicondyle; frequently referred to as golfer's elbow. (overuse injury)

Who is the "father of modern chemistry", due to being the first to take quantitative data, specifically in his work with gases?

Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

According to KMT, at constant pressure and temperature, the frequency and force of molecule-wall collisions are constant. So increasing the number of gaseous molecules will require a proportional increase in the container volume in order to yield a decrease in the number of collisions per unit area to make up for the increased frequency of collisions. What gas law is KMT explaining?

Avogadro's Law

Use the image provided to determine which gas law the kinetic molecular theory is explaining.

Avogadro's Law

6.022×1023 is known to be the number of entities composing a mole. This fundamental constant is known as:

Avogadro's constant

Alison observes that when she injects additional gas molecules into a container of gas, the number of collisions in the container (and the pressure inside) increases. She then increases the volume of the container just enough to restore it to its original pressure. Which of the following laws best describes what Alison observed?

Avogadro's law states that increasing the number of gaseous molecules will require a proportional increase in the container volume in order to maintain a constant pressure and temperature.

Molecular compounds must contain a minimum of how many atoms? Select the correct answer below: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

B. 2. Explanation: A molecular compound requires at least one covalent bond, and a covalent bond occurs between two atoms, so a molecular compound must have at least two atoms.

Which statement accurately explains why chemistry is known as "the central science." Select the correct answer below: A. Chemistry is the most important science. B. Basic chemistry knowledge is important for all other sciences. C. Chemistry is the only science that can explain natural phenomena. D. Chemistry is the only science that uses experimentation to test hypotheses.

B. Basic chemistry knowledge is important for all other sciences. Explanation: Because it is so ingrained in other scientific fields, chemistry is often known as the central science.

What is the formula of the ionic compound formed between the cation, Ca2+, and the anion, phosphate, PO3−4? Select the correct answer below: A. Ca(PO4)2 B. Ca3(PO4)2 C. Ca3PO4 D. CaPO4

B. Ca3(PO4)2. Explanation: Because the ionic compound must be electrically neutral, it must have the same number of positive and negative charges. Three calcium ions, each with a charge of 2+, would give us six positive charges, and 2 phosphate ions with a charge of 3−, would give us six negative charges.

What is significant about the temperature of 0K? Select the correct answer below: A. It is the temperature at which matter has no density. B. It is the temperature at which atoms stop moving. C. It is the temperature at which atoms cease to exist. D. It is the temperature at which water molecules freeze.

B. It is the temperature at which atoms stop moving. Explanation: A temperature of 0K is absolute zero and is the point at which motion of atoms stop.

what plane of motion are ribs 7-10

Frontal plane, inspiration will therefore create a rib expansion M to L

How are organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), used in many modern displays, related to chemistry? Select the correct answer below: A. Chemistry helped to discover what OLEDs were. B. OLEDs use new materials that were developed using chemistry. C. Chemistry is critical in marketing the new materials. D. The displays are needed to continue to study chemistry.

B. OLEDs use new materials that were developed using chemistry. Explanation: Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are synthesized compounds that are now used in many displays. Chemistry played a role in determining methods for creating these compounds.

Scientific notation is used to express very large and very small numbers using _________. Select the correct answer below: A. the sum of two numbers B. powers of 10 C. rounded values D. decimals

B. Powers of 10. Explanation: Scientific notation, is used to express very large and very small numbers as a product of two numbers. The first number of the product is usually a number not less than 1 and not greater than 10. The second number of the product, the exponential term, is written as 10 with an exponent. The powers of 10 are used to represent numbers that would otherwise be time consuming to write out.

Which of the following is a correct method for determining the number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus? Select the correct answer below: A. The mass number is equal to the number of neutrons. B. Subtract the atomic number from the mass number. C. Add the atomic number and the mass number. D. Determine the number of protons; the number of neutrons is always equal to the number of protons in an atomic nucleus.

B. Subtract the atomic number from the mass number. Explanation: Since the number of neutrons plus the number of protons is equal to the mass number in an atomic nucleus, subtract the atomic number (which is the same as the number of protons) from the mass number to obtain the number of neutrons. mass number−atomic number=number of neutrons.

Which of the following is an example of applying a knowledge of chemistry to solve a problem? Select the correct answer below: A. Mining coal for energy use. B. Using soap to clean up an oil spill. C. Developing pest resistant crops. D. Building a bridge to connect two cities.

B. Using soap to clean up an oil spill. Explanation: Soap molecules make us of the polarity of the molecules within the soap. One end of the molecule is attracted to the dirts and oils while the other is attracts to the water molecules. This allows the soap to act as an emulsifier and wash away oils and dirts that water is unable to remove on its own.

Which of the following questions is most directly answered by using chemistry? Select the correct answer below: A. How fast does an airplane need to fly to stay up in the air? B. Why do apples slices turn brown? C. How big does the support beam for a deck need to be? D. Which way should you point a fan in a window during the summer?

B. Why do apples slices turn brown? Explanation: While some results from chemistry might be applicable to all these questions, the browning of an apple directly involves chemical reactions. So the principles of chemistry are required to understand what is happening.

What does each box in the periodic table represent? Select the correct answer below: A. a family B. an element C. a mass unit D. a period

B. an element. Explanation: Each box in the periodic table represents an element. In addition to the element symbol, each box contains an atomic weight, atomic number, and name that correspond with that element.

Identify a major source of carbonate ions. Select the correct answer below: A. oxygen B. carbon dioxide C. salt D. milk

B. carbon dioxide. Explanation: Carbon dioxide is a major source of carbonate ions, which make up a large amount of the ionic structure of bone. Salt is a source of sodium and chloride ions, milk is a source of calcium ions, and oxygen is an element.

What is the name of the binary compound: CF4? Select the correct answer below: A. carbon fluoride B. carbon tetrafluoride C. tetracarbon fluoride D. carbon fluorine

B. carbon tetrafluoride.

Which of the following is NOT a group on the periodic table? Select the correct answer below: A. noble gases B. carcinogens C. alkali metals D. halogens

B. carcinogens

ll of the following are chemical properties EXCEPT: Select the correct answer below: A. corrosiveness B. density C. water reactivity D. flammability

B. density. Explanation: Corrosiveness, water reactivity, and flammability are all examples of chemical properties. The density of a substance is considered a physical property.

Hydrogen bonding is technically a type of_____. Select the correct answer below: A. dispersion force B. dipole-dipole attraction C. ionic bond D. none of the above

B. dipole-dipole attraction. Explanation: Hydrogen bonds are exceptionally strong dipole-dipole interactions. Hydrogen bonding can occur when a molecule contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom (the three most electronegative elements). The very large difference in electronegativity between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom and the relatively small sizes of F, O, or N atoms, leads to highly concentrated partial charges with these atoms.

Which of the following is NOT a postulate of the Kinetic Molecular theory?

Gas molecules exert a heavy attractive force on each other or the container walls, meaning that their collisions are inelastic and involve a loss of energy.

Characterize the following statement: If you drink coffee before going to bed, it will take longer to fall asleep. Select the correct answer below: A. observation B. hypothesis C. theory D. law

B. hypothesis. Explanation: This can best be described as a hypothesis because it is an idea or prediction about the way things are that must be tested by experiment. If by excessive experiment a relationship is proven, a hypothesis can then become a theory or law.

Compounds formed by a transfer of electrons are _____ compounds. Select the correct answer below: A. covalent B. ionic C. metallic D. nonmetallic

B. ionic. Explanation: The compound formed by a transfer of electrons is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the ions of opposite charge present in the compound.

Which of the following is classified as an element? Select the correct answer below: A. methane B. iron C. ammonia D. steel

B. iron. Explanation: Iron can be found on the periodic table. Methane and ammonia are compounds, and steel is an alloy.

A substance that has fixed volume, but no fixed shape is a: Select the correct answer below: A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. None of the above

B. liquid. Explanation: A liquid, like water, has a specific volume that can be measured, but it will take on the shape of whatever vessel it is stored in--whether it is a pot, a cup, a bathtub, or a swimming pool.

What is the general name for polyatomic ions that contain one or more oxygen atoms? Select the correct answer below: A. oxides B. oxyanions C. hydroxides D. polyoxides

B. oxyanions. Explanation: Oxyanions are particularly common among polyatomic ions. Oxyanions are polyatomic ions that contain one or more oxygen atoms. Two specific oxyanions are peroxide, O2−2, and hydroxide, OH−.

What physical state of matter is associated the particles having least amount of thermal energy? Select the correct answer below: A. gas B. solid C. liquid D. All phases of matter contain the same measure of thermal energy.

B. solid. Explanation: Solids have the most rigidly packed particles (molecules, ions, or atoms) because they have the lowest amount of thermal energy compared to the other states of matter for that substance.

Which of the following is a mixture? Select the correct answer below: A. a bar of gold B. sugar water C. helium D. carbon dioxide

B. sugar water. Explanation: Sugar water is comprised of sugar molecules and water molecules, two different substances. The rest are pure substances.

When carrying out operations with significant figures: Select the correct answer below: A. round values as you proceed through the calculation B. wait to round until the end of the calculation C. round sums and differences only D. round products and quotients only

B. wait to round until the end of the calculation. Explanation: To avoid generating rounding errors in calculations involving multiple operations, always wait until the end of the calculation to round your final answer.

What is the net ionic equation for the following balanced reaction: K2SO4(aq)+BaCl2(aq)→BaSO4(s)+2 KCl(aq)

Ba2+(aq)+SO2−4(aq)→BaSO4(s)

BaBr2(aq)+H2SO4(aq)→BaSO4(s)+2HBr(aq) which will NOT be involved in the net ionic equation?

Br−(aq) As the bromide ion is not involved in generating the precipitate, it will be a spectator ion, and therefore does not appear in the net ionic equation.

What is the density of water? Select the correct answer below: A. 0.001g/cm^3 B. 0.11g/cm^3 C. 1.0g/cm^3 D. 10g/cm^3

C. 1.0g/cm^3

What is the most likely identity of a gas with a molar mass of 2.05g/mol

H2

If a compound's formula mass was experimentally determined to be 18, the chemical formula could be:

H2O

In the Kelvin scale, 0 K is: Select the correct answer below: A. the temperature at which water freezes B. the temperature at which water boils C. the temperature at which mercury melts D. absolute zero

D. absolute zero. Explanation: 0 K is absolute zero, the lowest temperature possible.

Chemical properties include the way a compound reacts with: Select the correct answer below: A. acids B. bases C. atmosphere D. all of the above

D. all of the above. Explanation: Any description of a compound's capacity to do a certain kind of chemistry would be characterized as a chemical property.

Which has the smallest mass? Select the correct answer below: A. an atom B. a proton C. a neutron D. an electron

D. an electron. Explanation: Electrons have much less mass than protons and neutrons, and all of these are much smaller than an atom.

A certain liquid sample contains a small amount of dissolved chloroform. Which of the following would be the most effective way to rid the liquid of chloroform?

Heating the sample gently, and providing an outlet for the gas to flow into a storage container

N2O5 is called _____________. Select the correct answer below: A. nitrogen oxide. B. nitrogen pentoxide. C. dinitrogen oxide. D. dinitrogen pentoxide.

D. dinitrogen pentoxide. Explanation: The name of the more metallic element (the one farther to the left and/or bottom of the periodic table) is first, followed by the name of the more nonmetallic element (the one farther to the right and/or top) with its ending changed to the suffix -ide.

A mixture of sand and water would be best described as what type of mixture? Select the correct answer below: A. elemental mixture B. pure substance C. homogeneous mixture D. heterogenous mixture

D. heterogenous mixture. Explanation: A heterogenous mixture is one in which the composition throughout changes, much like sand and water.

Of the following, which increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid?

Decreased temperature

What do the ribs articulate with on the thoracic vertebrae?

Demi-facets at posterolateral vertebral plateaus

In what temperature scale does water boil at 100∘? Select the correct answer below: A. Fahrenheit B. Kelvin C. Celsius D. Grams

C. Celsius. Explanation: Water boils at 100 degrees in Celsius, 373.15 degrees in Kelvin and 212 degrees in Fahrenheit. The gram is a unit of mass, not temperature.

is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance burns under standard state conditions.

Standard enthalpy of combustion

when measuring horizontal abduction/adduction what position does the pt. start in?

Start at 90 degrees of flexion

What aspect of the classical mechanical description of the atom is flawed?

It predicts that an electron should be constantly emitting electromagnetic radiation. It predicts that an electron should continuously spiral into the nucleus. It predicts that atoms ought to be unstable.

Millikan utilized specific numerical data gathered by

J.J. Thomson

Cant have expanded octect

Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F

The interpretation of the wavefunction that describes them as probability amplitudes was developed by:

Max Born

Degenerative disk disease

May include: continued loss of proteoglycans annular disruption loss in disc pressure thinning of disk osteophyte formation

What is the net ionic equation for the following unbalanced reaction that takes place in water? Mg+HIO3→Mg(IO3)2+H2

Mg(s)+2 H^+(aq)→Mg^2+(aq)+H2(g)

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Which of the following elements can NOT form hypervalent molecules?

N B Elements in the second period of the periodic table (n=2) can accommodate only eight electrons in their valence shell orbitals because they have only four valence orbitals (one 2s and three 2p orbitals). Elements in the third and higher periods (n≥3) have more than four valence orbitals and can share more than four pairs of electrons with other atoms because they have empty d orbitals in the same shell. Therefore, of the elements listed above boron and nitrogen can not form hypervalent molecules.

Which will be the central atom in N2O and what will be its charge?

N,1+ The structure with the fewest formal charges of the smallest magnitude will place nitrogen as the central atom with a formal positive charge.

Which of the following values for the principal quantum number corresponds to elements that can accommodate more than four pairs of electrons with other atoms?

N> 3

Which of the following has the largest dipole moment?

NCl3 The molecule NCl3 is the only molecule listed above that has a dipole moment. BF3, CO2 and CF4 are all symmetrical molecules in which all the polar covalent bonds are identical. Therefore, BF3, CO2 and CF4 are all non-polar molecules, and NCl3 has the largest dipole moment.

Which of the following is NOT a covalent compound?

Na2O Sodium is a metal and oxygen is a nonmetal, so this will be an ionic compound.

If a compound's formula mass is experimentally determined to be 40, the chemical formula could be: MgF2 NaOH NaF KF

NaOH Na=23 O=16 H=1 23+16+1=40

Which two positive ions are important for nerve transmission and fluid regulation? Give the chemical formulas. Be sure to include the charge.

Na^+ and K^+. Explanation: Sodium and potassium ions are important for fluid regulation and nerve transmission. They both have a charge of +1 because they are both in Group 1 of the periodic table. Chloride ions are also important, but have a negative charge.

what are the components of glenohumeral stability?

Negative intra-articular pressure labral concavity compression capsular constraint mechanism scapulohumeral muscle capsuloligamentous restraint

Who demonstrated that white light actually consists of the individual colors of the rainbow?

Newton

Solid nickel reacts with aqueous lead (II) nitrate to form solid lead. What is the net ionic equation for this reaction?

Ni(s) + Pb^2+(aq) → Ni^2+(ap) + Pb(s)

Solid nickel reacts with aqueous lead (II) nitrate to form solid lead. What is the net ionic equation of this reaction?

Ni(s)+Pb2+→Ni2++Pb(s)

O: base of skull, occipital protuberance, and post. ligaments of neck I: post. aspect of the lateral 3rd of the clavicle

O/I upper trap

Which of the following molecules will contain a node, or nodal plane, along the internuclear axis? Select all that apply.

O2 N2 In a π bond, the regions of orbital overlap lie on opposite sides of the internuclear axis. Along the axis itself, there is a node: a plane in which there is no probability of finding an electron. Of the molecules listed above, only O2 and N2 will contain π bonds, and so only O2 and N2 will contain a node along the internuclear axis.

Identify the compound with the pure covalent bond.

O2 O2 has a pure covalent bond because the atoms it contains are identical and thus the electrons in this bond are shared equally.

pec major originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

O: clavicle, sternum, and ribs I: greater tubercle of humerus

the flexor carpi radialis originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: base of 2 and 3 metacarpals

the palmaris longus originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: palmar aponeurosis

the flexor carpi ulnaris originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

O: medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna I: carpals

the flexor digitorm superficialis originates at the __ and inserts at the __

O: medial epicondyle, radius, ulna I: four tendons on phalanges

the biceps brachii originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

O: scapula and coracoid process I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

the pronator teres originates at the __ and inserts at the __

O:medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna I: radius

A molecule with six electron domains will exhibit which geometry according to VSEPR theory?

Octahedral

hitting someone with an elbow bone means that you hit them with your?

Olecranon process (what bone)

Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation?Mg+HCl→MgCl2+H2 MgF2+Li2CO3→MgCO3+LiF CH4+2 O2→CO2+H P4+3 O2→2 P2O3

P4+3 O2→2 P2O3 The balanced equation will have equal number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. The balanced equation has 4 P and 6 O atoms on each side.

Which of the following has dipole-dipole attractions? CO2, F2, FeCl2, PCl3

PCl3

Which of the following has dipole-dipole attractions? CO2 F2 FeCl2 PCl3

PCl3 PCl3 is polar so it will experience dipole-dipole attractions. FeCl2 is ionic, F2 is nonpolar, and CO2 is nonpolar.

People are missing this muscle?

Palmaris longus is ___ with some people

Axial rotation of the spine

Plane of Movement: horizontal Axis of rotation: vertical AKA: rotation, torsion

Flexion and extension of the spine

Plane of motion: saggital Axis of Rotation: medial lateral AKA: forward and backward bending

Which of the following is a phase of matter?

Plasma solid liquid gas

Given C+H2SO4→CO2+SO2+H2O, identify which element is reduced

S

Which molecule of the following has a molecular structure that differs from its electron-pair geometry? SF₄, CH₄, BeH₂, or PCl⁵.

SF₄

Out of these four pairs, which pair of molecules has the same electron-pair geometry? NH₃ and BH₃. H₂O and SO₂. CH₄ and SF₄. SF₆ and XeF₄.

SF₆ and XeF₄

Which molecule will have a net dipole? CO2, SO3, CH4, BF3

SO2

Which of the following is a molecular compound? Al2O3 SO2 NH4NO3 KHCO3

SO2 SO2 is a molecular compound because covalent bonds are formed between non-metal elements.

Which molecule will have a net dipole?

SO2 SO2 has polar bonds and a bent structure, so it will have a net dipole.

A compound is found to weigh 102.2 g/mol and have an empirical formula of SO2F2. What is the molecular formula?

SO2F2

Rule of three's for T7-T9

SP are 1 full level inferior to their TP Example T7 SP is at T8 level

Neutral and non-neutral positions of the thoracic spine are relative to which plane of position?

Sagital plane position

Phase 1 A elevation

Setting Phase 0-30 degrees for scaption 0-60 for flexion motion is mainly glenohumeral(No scapula) scapula seeking a position of stability

Hypervalent atoms

Share more than four Pairs of electrons Ex) P, S, Xe

What counts as an electron domain?

Single bond pairs, double bond pairs, and lone pairs.

What is characteristic of sagital plane static posture?

Slight anterior tilting of the scapula of about 9-20 degrees

Identify the chemical symbol for the element tin.

Sn. This can be found in group 14 on the periodic table.

Which of the following is NOT a molecular compound?

SnSe2 is an ionic compound because an ionic bond is formed between a metal (Sn) and a non-metal (Se).

Rule of three's for T1-T3

Spinous processes are level with their transverse processes

The nucleus of an atom can be split into smaller components by what kind of process

Splitting an atom is a nuclear process.

What is a exception to the octet rule?

Sulfur in SO2−4

what muscle reduces the superior pull of the deltoid?

Supraspinatus force will reduce superior pull and compress the humeral head into the glenoid

T or F: The trapezius is most superficial

T

thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12; second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

What is the chemical symbol for tellurium on the periodic table?

Te

Which of the following anions is most likely to form?

Te2- Tellurium will tend to gain two electrons to fill its valence shell. Sulfur and selenium also should become 2−, while bromine should become 1−.

What is the electron pair geometry of SnCl⁻₃?

Tetrahedral

What is the electron-pair geometry and molecular structure of ammonia (NH₃?)

Tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal

When multiplying or dividing Sig Figs

The result will have as many Sig Figs as the value with fewer Sig Figs

Between radial and ulnar deviation, which ROM is greater.

Ulnar deviation is greater (than?)

Example of expanded octect

XeF2, SF6, IF5

When electrolytes are dissolved in water, they undergo:

a chemical change that yields ions a physical change that yields ions

Identify the option below that is a colloid.

a cloud

During the combustion of a hydrocarbon:

a compound burns in the presence of oxygen, generates water and carbon dioxide as products, and is accompanied by a release of energy

When atomic orbitals of two nuclei overlap, the mutual attraction between a negatively charged electron pair and the two positively charged nuclei forms:

a covalent bond When overlap occurs between two atomic orbitals, the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged electrons that form a pair create a physical bond that is the covalent bond. The more overlap that occurs between two orbitals, the stronger the attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged electrons.

Bursa

a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid provides for smooth gliding of th joint surfaces and a small degree of force absorbtion

The reason that atomic numbers are always integer values is because every element has

a particular number of protons

The reason that atomic numbers are always integer values is because every element has:

a particular number of protons

Units of measurement provide which of the following?

a standard comparison of measurements

Free radical

an atom or a group of atoms that has one unpaired electron

electron deficient molecules

baron and aluminum (form as many bonds as they have valence electrons)

Which would involve a greater change in energy, boiling a sample of water beginning at 50∘C, or freezing the same sample of water?

boiling

passive restraint

bones fit together, non-contractile tissues that stabilizes a joint

A compound is a chemical substance composed of two or more kinds of elements in a fixed ratio. By what means can the components of a compound be separated?

chemical means

NaBr+Cl2→NaCl+Br2

chlorine is reduced

Which of the following is the correct name for the ion: CuO?

copper (II) oxide

what do ribs 8-10 articulate with?

costocartillage

With SC joint elevation what ligament will be tension loaded?

costoclavicular ligament

The charges on the proton and electron are typically measured in

coulombs

Vapor pressure will increase with:

decreasing molecular mass

Robert Millikan used Thomson's existing data to

determine the mass of the electron.

A homogenous mixture varies from a heterogenous mixture in that a homogenous mixture has properties that

do not vary in the mixture; a homogenous mixture has a uniform composition.

Which of the following is NOT a step in constructing Lewis structures?

draw a skeletal structure with the most electronegative atom in the middle

When a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor, the rate of vaporization and the rate of condensation are in:

dynamic equilibrium

the scapulothoracic joint is supported..

dynamically by muscles with no ligamentous support. (not a true synovial joint)

Intermolecular forces are all some kind of:

electrostatic attraction

According to modern atomic theory, atoms consist mostly of

empty space

What is true about the covalent bonds in the nitrite ion, NO−2?

equal length, Even though each resonance structure shows one single bond and one double bond, these are actually of the same length in the actual molecule.

Lone pairs present in trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair geometry always occupy which position?

equatorial

Lone pairs present in trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair geometry always occupy which position?

equatorial A lone pair in trigonal bipyramidal geometry will occupy the equatorial position because there is more space to accommodate it.

kyphosis

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

A reaction that produces heat is ______ and has a _______ΔH.

exothermic, negative

has a 20-30 degree total gliding and rotational motion accompanying other shoulder girdle and shoulder joint motions

explain the movement of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint

External rotation with elevation is used to prevent what?

external impingement of subacromial bursa

For most gases, increasing the pressure from 1.0 atm, will cause Z to:

first decrease then increase Most gases will have their Z value dip down slightly at first, and then rise dramatically as extremely high pressures are reached. This is because eventually the volume of the particles themselves becomes quite significant once the particles are very close together.

motion created at rib 1 with inhalation?

first rib will be elevated, with a superior and posterior CV joint motion, T1 may extend slightly

palmaris longus action

flexes wrist (what wrist muscle)

the biceps brachii assists in what motion

flexion

The flexor digitorum profundus action

flexion of digits 2-5 at DIP joints flexion of digits 2-5 at PIP joints flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP joints flexion of wrist (what muscle)

the brachioradialis (beer drinking muscle) does what movements?

flexion, pronation, supination

To conduct electricity, a substance must contain which of the following?

freely mobile charged particles

Ice has a specific heat of 2.093Jg ∘C, liquid water's specific heat is 4.184Jg ∘C, and steam has a specific heat of 1.864Jg ∘C. Which phase of water will change its temperature the most upon heating?

gas

Kinetic molecular theory explains Dalton's law by stating that in a typical mixture of gases:

gas particles are far away from one another If the particles are very sparse, then the pressure exerted by a particular gas will be independent of the presence of other gases, and thus the total pressure will just be the sum of the partial pressures of the gases present in the mixture.

Condensation involves the transition from which phase to which other phase?

gas to liquid

Which physical form(s) of matter have neither a definite volume nor definite shape?

gas, plasma

Water will generate the strongest adhesive forces with a surface that is able to:

generate hydrogen bonds

T7-T8 have flat surfaces which means they allow what motion?

gliding

the supraspinatus pulls the head of the humerus..

inwards

hypothesis

is a tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information by experimentation.

Molecular geometry

is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom.

Why does ethanol (C2H6O) have a higher viscosity than octane (C8H18)?

it can make hydrogen bonds

According to the equation developed by de Broglie, what happens to the wavelength of a particle as mass increases?

it decreases

Greater viscosity can also be due to:

larger molecular size

The ___________ the dipole moment, the ________ the boiling point of the compound.

larger, higher

The specific heat of air is 1.007Jg×oC and the specific heat of nitrogen (N2) is 1.040Jg×oC. What is the specific heat of oxygen (O2)?

less than 1.007Jg×oC Air contains mostly nitrogen and oxygen. Since the specific heat of nitrogen is larger than the specific heat of air, the specific heat of oxygen must be smaller than the specific heat of air.

An atomic nucleus has a mass that is:

less than the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons (known as mass defect)

A substance that has a fixed volume, but no fixed shape is a:

liquid

At a pressure below that of the triple point, a substance can never be a:

liquid

Which phase of water has the highest density?

liquid

Vaporization involves the transition from which phase to which other phase?

liquid to gas

Under which conditions are gas molecules most likely to exhibit ideal behavior?

low pressures Gas molecules are most likely to exhibit ideal behavior at low pressures. There is no significant particle volume at low pressure, since gas molecules are tiny compared to the space that a gas occupies under normal conditions. Therefore, at these conditions, the molecules will behave as an ideal gas.

Molar mass is equal to:

m/n

Which of the following equations accurately represents bond dipole moment?

m=Qr The magnitude of a bond dipole moment (m) is given by the formula, where Q is the magnitude of the partial charges (determined by the electronegativity difference) and r is the distance between the charges

MgCl2 is called __________.

magnesium chloride When combining a metal plus a non-metal for ionic compounds, we do not need a prefix for magnesium, and chlorine will become chloride, giving us magnesium chloride.

Which of the following signifies the spatial orientation, i.e. direction, of an atomic orbital?

magnetic quantum number, ml

The observation that an atom has slightly less mass than the sum of the masses of its subatomic particles is called which of the following?

mass defect. Ex)the nucleus of a helium atom is composed of two neutrons and two protons. The sum of the masses of two neutrons and two protons is 4.03298 amu, while the actual mass of a helium nucleus is found to be only 4.00260 amu. The difference (in this case, 0.03038 amu) is the mass defect for helium. The energy corresponding to the mass defect, using the equation E=mc2, is referred to as the nuclear binding energy.

Blocks on the periodic table will NOT list a(n)

mass number

The _________ the size and shape of the molecules in a liquid, the ___________ the viscosity. (Select all that apply)

more complex, higher less complex, lower

When naming binary covalent compounds, the element listed first will be the one that is

more metallic

The molecular speed in a sample of gas that is exhibited by the greatest number of molecules is called the:

most probable speed

Pronation

movement that turns the palm down

Protraction

moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

When a neutral atom gains an electron, it will have a

negative charge

In order for a molecule to be polar, it must have?

net dipole, polar covalent bonds, and asymettrical

The type of equation that shows only the chemistry that occurs in an aqueous solution of ions is called a:

net ionic equation

The number of atoms in one mole of oxygen is equal to the number of atoms in ______ of hydrogen.

one mole

Upon solvation, energy is always:

released

The individual Lewis structures of resonance are known as:

resonance forms

what plane is internal and external rotation in at 90 degrees of abduction?

sagital plane

the agonists in glenohumeral abduction are

supraspinatus, deltoid, upper pecs

a dislocation is a...

temporary movement of a bone from its original position

lateral epicondylitis is also known as

tennis elbow (what injury?)

VSEPR theory

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory; because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible

moves anteriorly 15 degrees with protraction and posteriorly 15 degrees with retraction

the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint moves...

Heat capacity depends on:

the composition of the substance the amount of the substance

The formation of covalent bonds is facilitated by:

the electromagnetic force Because protons and electrons are attracted to one another, covalent bonds can form

The quantum-mechanical model of the atom changed our view of which subatomic particle?

the electron

When wave-particle duality was applied to the electron, it explained why the energy of the electron is quantized because:

the electron is a standing wave that can only have an integer number of wavelengths

The work of Niels Bohr relied on the assumption that:

the electron only emits electromagnetic radiation when it descends to a lower-energy orbit

When comparing lithium, sodium, and potassium to calcium, strontium, and barium, early chemists noticed that

the elements in the first list are much more reactive

What is surface tension?

the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid

The sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms present in a substance's formula is known as:

the formula mass (molecular mass)

valence bond theory

the idea that covalent bonds are formed when orbitals of different atoms overlap

Bohr used an electron moving in a circular orbit about a nucleus to describe:

the model of a hydrogen atom

Bond order allows us to identify:

the net combination of electrons for the bond strength of a molecule Bond order allows us to identify the net combination of electrons in a bond between two atoms. We can determine the bond order of a molecule by subtracting the antibonding (destablizing electrons) from the bonding (stabilizing electrons) and dividing this number by two. The larger the bond order, the stronger the bond between the two given atoms. The bond order is the number of bonding pairs of electrons between two atoms, when using Lewis structures.

Which bond is strongest in a carbon-carbon triple bond?

the sigma bond

Which bond is strongest in a carbon-carbon triple bond?

the sigma bond The sigma bond involves direct orbital overlap, so that will be the strongest bond.

Ribs 2-10 have an extra articulation where? and what is the benefit?

they articulate with the intervertebral disks this enhances the disk stability

What does 3CO2 mean?

three carbon dioxide molecules The molecule is CO2, and the 3 means that there are three of these molecules.

According to kinetic molecular theory, gas particles:

travel in straight lines are in continuous motion change directions only when they collide with something are of negligible size

O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula I: olecranon process of the ulna

triceps brachii long head O/I

O: distal posterior humerus I: olecranon process of the ulna

triceps brachii medial head O/I

The further an electron is from the nucleus, the more energy it has.

true

what are ribs 1-7?

true ribs, direct cartilage attachment to sternum

A gas condenses to

turn into a liquid.

What is a form of electromagnetic radiation?

visible light

Which of the following is the name of the measurement (quantity) that describes how much space an object takes up in three dimensions?

volume

Which of the following is measured using Newtons (a unit of force)?

weight

According to Bohr's model, when does an electron emit electromagnetic radiation?

when it is changing from an orbit of higher energy to a lower one

A molecule that can be described by multiple resonance forms:

will have an electronic structure that is an average of the resonance forms

How will upward rotation of the scapula affect the inferior angle of the scapula?

will move superolateral opposite for downward rotation

If the enthalpy of combustion of ethanol (C2H6O) is −1,366.8kJmole, what is the enthalpy change associated with the combustion of 5.00 g of ethanol in kilojoules?

−148kJ

When 1.34 g Zn(s) react with an excess of HCl, 3.14 kJ of heat are produced. Determine the enthalpy change per mole of zinc reacting for the reaction:

−153

Calculate the change in enthalpy associated with the combustion of 8.00 g of carbon.

−262kJ

If the enthalpy of sublimation is 29.49kJmol, what is the enthalpy of deposition?

−29.49

If the heat of combustion of sulfur, S, is −296.8 kJmole, what is the enthalpy change associated with the combustion of 55.0 g of sulfur?

−509kJ

How many kilojoules of heat are produced by the combustion of 75.00g of carbon monoxide?

−757.8kJ

In the PF5 molecule, what is the geometry of the bond dipole for one PF bond?

Vector pointing toward F

When adding numbers, the sum will have:

as many decimal places as the number with fewest decimal places

Wrist flexors will be attached?

attached anteromedially at medial epicondyle (what wrist muscle type?)

Which of the following does NOT exhibit hydrogen bonding? Select the correct answer below: a. H2O b. HBr c. HF d. H3N

b. HBr. Explanation: Hydrogen bonding is an intermolecular force that occurs in polar molecules where a hydrogen atom is directly bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom (nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine). Hydrogen bonding does not occur between H and Br.

According to VSEPR theory, electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form __________.

both lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons According to VSEPR theory, electrons around a central atom are "electron dense regions." These regions can either be in the form of lone pairs (nonbonding) or in the form of bonding pairs (bonded atoms).

O: distal half of anterior shaft of humerus I: coronoid process of ulna

brachialis O/I

O: distal 2/3 of later condyloid ridge of humerus I: lateral surface of distal end of the radius at styloid process

brachioradialis O/I

A fracture is the ___ of a bone. Examples are ___, ___,___,___

break stress, avulsion, closed, open

The success of Bohr's model that demanded the scientific community's attention was its ability to:

calculate the Rydberg constant

You can measure mass by

calculating the amount of force it takes to accelerate an object

Which unit of energy is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1∘C?

calorie

The equation that contains spectator ions is called the:

complete ionic equation

carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist solution is to go in and cut open the transverse carpal ligament

Which of the following factors influence the rate of diffusion?

concentration gradient surface area distance traveled

posterior tilt (downward tilt)

consequential rotational movement of the scapula about the frontal axis occurring during hyperflexion of the glenohumeral joint, resulting in the superior border moving posteroinferiorly and the inferior angle moving anterosuperiorly - past 180 degrees

O: coracoid process of scapula I: middle of medial border of humeral shaft

coracobrachialis O/I

Lewis structures are limited because they do not display the __________.

correct bond angles in the molecule Lewis structures do show connectivity and the presence of different bonds and lone pairs, but they do not accurately show the shape of the molecule in three dimensions. Hence, the bond angles will be incorrect.

What method of walking would apply the least amount of pressure on a surface?

crawling on all fours Your weight stays the same, but if you distribute your weight along a greater area, such as all of your limbs, that reduces the amount of pressure you apply to any surface. This relationship is described by the equation P=F/A.

Which of the following is characterized by the nature of the forces that hold its particles together?

crystalline solids

Which of the following correctly pair the polyatomic ion with its formula? Select all that apply.

cyanide, CN− chlorate, ClO−3 nitrate, NO−3

Which of the following groups can exhibit hydrogen bonding? Select the correct answer below: a. F-H b. O-H c. N-H d. all of the above

d. all of the above. Explanation: Molecules with F-H, O-H, or N-H have partial charges that allow for a very strong dipole-dipole attraction to develop known as hydrogen bonding.

Enthalpy of formation data is useful for calculating the enthalpy change of a reaction when that reaction is:

dangerous to perform impractical to measure directly impractical due to a lack of materials

A reduction reaction is defined as having a(n) _________ in oxidation number.

decrease

Potential energy ______________ as orbitals begin to overlap and ________________ as protons are pushed too close together.

decreases, increases Potential energy decreases when orbitals begin to interact because when each electron interacts with both protons, this creates a more stable and energetically favorable situation. Potential energy increases when protons are too close together, though, because proton-proton repulsion occurs.

What occurs when the rates of condensation and vaporization are the same?

dynamic equilibrium

A supercritical fluid will have:

essentially no surface tension low viscosity a density similar to a liquid

25 degree abduction/adduction 60 degree upward/downward rotation 55 degree elevation/depression

explain the scapulothoracic joint movement

Which element, when discovered, empirically supported Mendeleev's table?

gallium

A substance that has no fixed shape or volume is a:

gas

Which of the below factors contribute to making hydrogen bonds so strong? (Select all that apply) highly concentrated partial charges large differences in electronegativity between the two atoms in the bond strong dispersion forces small size of the atoms

highly concentrated partial charges large differences in electronegativity between the two atoms in the bond small size of the atoms

Intermolecular forces are primarily responsible for:

holding together molecules in a material

Molecular orbital diagrams can be written for:

homonuclear diatomic molecules heteronuclear diatomic molecules triatomic molecules Molecular orbital diagrams can easily be written for any kind of diatomic molecule, as well as molecules with more than two atoms.

arthrodial joint

how is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint classified?

Identifying the molar mass of a gas can be useful because it will allow us to:

identify the gas

what is the result of not having a negative intra-articular pressure in the glenohumeral joint?

immediate inferior subluxation

___ is an injury that occurs in people under 35 who play a sport or have a job with overhead movement. Usually occurs in supraspinatus and bursae

impingement

What ranges of motion are better in the middle thoracic spine?

in between upper and lower thoracic for ROM (Not good at anything but also not bad ;) )

Which is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

ion-ion ion-ion forces are the strongest intermolecular force because they involve formal charges.

An equation that explicitly represents all dissolved ions is known as a (n):

ionic equation

Which of the following elements does NOT belongs to the alkaline earth metals?

iron

What does the middle traps job change to in phase 2B?

it becomes a stabilizer with the rhomboids,

You should fill ________________________ orbitals first when constructing a molecular orbital energy diagram.

lower-energy You should always fill the lower energy orbitals first when constructing a molecular orbital energy diagram. This is how orbitals normally fill.

When read from bottom to top, molecular orbital diagrams arrange orbitals in order of:

lowest to highest energy Molecular orbitals diagrams are essentially energy diagrams: they list the orbitals in a molecule at their corresponding energies (the y axis in such diagrams denotes energy). Visually, the diagram shows the orbitals ranked from lowest to highest energy moving up along the energy axis.

what do ribs 11 and 12 articulate with?

nothing ;)

In the energy expression for hydrogen-like atoms, Z is equal to the:

nuclear charge

the triceps act as a __ during bicep supination

nuetralizer

Electrons on a Lewis symbol will be arranged:

one on every side before placing a second on any side

Which of the following is NOT a base unit of SI?

ounce

Which substance, when dissolved in water, will conduct the most electricity?

potassium chloride

When a rubber band is stretched and waiting on your fingers, this is ______________ energy, and when you let the rubber band fly off of your fingers, this is ____________ energy.

potential, kinetic Potential energy is the energy an object has by virtue of its position in a field, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

shoulder joint: horizontal adduction

shoulder girdle: abduction/protraction

shoulder joint: internal rotation

shoulder girdle: abduction/protraction

shoulder joint: external rotation

shoulder girdle: adduction/retraction

shoulder joint: horizontal abduction

shoulder girdle: adduction/retraction

Which of the following is named using the unmodified element name and adding the word "ion"?

simple cations (monatomic cations of elements of only one possible charge) For instance, the Na+ is named the sodium ion.

the trapezius originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

skull and vertebrae, clavicle and spine of scapula

what are the flexor muscles roles in throwing motions?

slow down rapid extension and prevent injuries

T1-T6 costotransverse joints allow slight ______________ motion and why?

some rotation is allowed, this is due to the concave surface of the costal facet and the convex surface of the costal tubercle

Volume is the:

space occupied by any sample of matter

Which of the following are not changed in a reaction and can be omitted from a net ionic equation?

spectator ions

___ is the defect of the vertebrae lamina

spondylolysis

the 3 functions of the shoulder girdle:

stabilize the scapula, maintain the scapula in relatively static position during shoulder joint actions, move shoulder girdle to enhance movement of upper extremity

The change in enthalpy of a reaction depends on the:

stoichiometric coefficients in the equation the phases of all the components involved the direction of the reaction

valgus stress is..

stress at the distal end away from the body in anatomical position (MCL)

varus stress is..

stress at the distal end towards body in anatomical position (LCL)

A liquid wets a surface if the adhesive forces are ________ than the cohesive forces.

stronger than

The image shows two isomers of butane. What type of formula is used to represent the molecules?

structral

Dissolved carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce ions that break down the exoskeletons of many marine animals. An ecologist simulates this phenomenon in a demonstration: she puts out three glass bottles, each containing equal amounts of carbon dioxide and water, as well as a small shell at the bottom. She then places one bottle in an ice bath, one on a table, and one on a hot plate. Keeping in mind the solubility of gaseous CO2 at various temperatures, which bottle will contain the shell that is most eroded by the reaction?

the bottle kept in ice

Dalton's Atomic Theory

the first theory to relate chemical changes to events at the atomic level

Which of the following is an example of the process of deposition?

the formation of frost

When drawing a Lewis structure for a free radical, which type of atom is more likely to receive the unpaired electron?

the less electronegative element A more electronegative element is more likely to be surrounded by more electrons and fulfill its octet. A less electronegative element is more likely to have the electron deficiency, in this case the unpaired electron. Recall that free radicals are electron deficient and display the same stability trends as electron deficient cations, like carbocations.

What is exactly equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

the mass number

molecular structure

the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule

A covalent bond holds two atoms near each other because

the two electrons that form the bond are attracted to both nuclei. When two electrons from two different atoms each feel the attraction of the other atom's nucleus, a covalent bond can form.

What information is provided by the structural formula for propane?

the type of atoms in propane the number of atoms in propane how the atoms are connected in propane The structural formula for a compound gives the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule and shows how the atoms are connected in a 2-D representation.

Hydrogen bonding is responsible for: the unexpectedly high boiling points for hydrides in period two the increasing boiling points for hydrides going down a group the low boiling points of nonpolar molecules none of the above

the unexpectedly high boiling points for hydrides in period two The boiling points for water, ammonia, and hydrogen fluoride defy the linear trend put forth by other hydrides in their groups. Their hydrogen bonding causes them to boil at much higher temperatures than expected.

The kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules is called:

thermal energy

What is true about the covalent bonds in the nitrite ion, NO−2?

they are of equal length Even though each resonance structure shows one single bond and one double bond, these are actually of the same length in the actual molecule.

If we compare a mole of carbon atoms to a mole of oxygen atoms, which sample will contain more atoms?

they will contain the same number of atoms If they both contain a mole of atoms, they will both contain precisely avogadro's number of atoms.

line of pull

this is known as the muscle fiber arrangement in relation to tendon and area it is connected to - it is the angle that the fibers are making with the joint and the postition of the fibers

How does the scapular dumping mechanism affect the CH and SGH ligaments?

this will cause adaptive lengthening or "relaxation" of the ligaments and will cause the humerus to translate inferiorly

glenohumeral ligaments

three ligamentous bands (superior, middle, inferior) that reinforce the joint capsule, anteriorly **provides resistance against gravity with the arms hanging by the side the ligaments form a z on the inferiors side of the GH joint

The complementary values most widely associated with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle are momentum (p) and location (x). Another set of complementary variables for which this principle applies is which of the following?

time and energy

the agonists in elbow extension are ___,___

triceps, anconeus

What is the electron pair geometry of SF4?

trigonal bipyramidal

What will be the electron-pair geometry of XeF2?

trigonal bipyramidal

Which spatial orientation will involve more than one bond angle value?

trigonal bipyramidal Trigonal bipyramidal geometry will exhibit both 120∘ and 90∘ bond angles.

What will be the electron-pair geometry of XeF2?

trigonal bipyramidal With five domains, two being bonds and three being lone pairs, the electron-pair geometry must be trigonal bipyramidal.

A molecule with three electron domains will exhibit which geometry?

trigonal planar

(multiaxial) arthrodial joint

what is the sternoclavicular (SC) joint classified as?

brachioradialis location

what muscle

Palmaris longus location

what muscle?

expanded octet

when a molecule has more than 8 electrons around the central atom. Sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, and chlorine are common examples of elements that form an expanded octet

What is being illustrated by the dotted lines in the following image?

-This illustrates the electrostatic attraction between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another. Dipole-dipole attraction occurs between partially positive ends of one polar molecule and partially negative ends of another. They are a form of electrostatic attraction like ion-ion attraction, but generally much weaker than those found in ions. Dipole-dipole interactions can be instantaneously attractive or repulsive depending on the orientations of the dipoles, but average out to an attractive effect because the orientations favor the attractive arrangements illustrated in the figure.

What is the VSEPR theory?

-Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion -Model developed to predict the shape of molecules

Calculate the heat capacity of 18.5 g iron given that 2,982 J is needed to raise the temperature 194 ∘C.

15.4

T11 Spinous process in relation to Transverse process

1/2 a segment below

what is the max amount of contact the humeral head has with the glenoid?

1/3

What is the mass of nitrogen gas (N2) in a sample that contains 21.5mol of nitrogen gas.

602 g

triple bond

A chemical bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons

What will be the molecular structure of SO₂?

Bent

A(n) __________ is used between resonance forms to indicate that the actual structure exists as an average.

Double headed arrow

What force couple creates phase 1A movement?

Supraspinatus and deltoid

What vertebral segments does the scapula run?

T2-T7

The structural formula for a molecule is different from its molecular formula in that:

The structural formula shows how the atoms are connected

Which of the following describes the correct relationships?

When a substance is oxidized, it loses electrons, the charge increases, and it is called a reducing agent.

actions of the anterior deltoid

abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation

Which of the following is true regarding diffusion? (select all that apply)

-during diffusion, particles move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration -surface area and distance traveled affect the rate of diffusion -diffusion is the process in which molecules disperse in space due to differences in concentration Diffusion is the process by which molecules disperse in space in response to differences in concentration. Molecules move from regions of higher concentration to those of lower concentration, with lighter gases moving faster than heavier gases. The diffusion rate depends on several factors: the concentration gradient (the increase or decrease in concentration from one point to another), the amount of surface area available for diffusion, and the distance the gas particles must travel.

The KMT addresses the origin of gas pressure, the relationship between the temperature and kinetic energy of a gas, and the attraction among gas particles:

1.Gases are composed of molecules that are in continuous motion, traveling in straight lines and changing direction only when they collide with other molecules or with the walls of a container. 2.The molecules composing the gas are negligibly small compared to the distances between them. 3.The pressure exerted by a gas in a container results from collisions between the gas molecules and the container walls. 4.Gas molecules exert no attractive or repulsive forces on each other or the container walls; therefore, their collisions are elastic (do not involve a loss of energy). 5.The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is proportional to the kelvin temperature of the gas.

humeral head angle of inclination is.......

130-150 degrees

The water in a garden hose flows at a rate of 10.0 liters per minute. What is the flow rate in gallons per hour?

158 gal/hr

A piece of metal has a heat capacity of 741J∘C and is heated from 20.0∘C to 42.0∘C. How much heat was absorbed to cause this temperature increase?

16,300 J

A molecule with two electron domains will display bond angles of how many degrees?

180

Which type of nutrient provides the most energy per gram? Select the correct answer below: A. fats B. protein C. carbohydrates D. These are all equivalent

A. fats. Explanation: Fats and oils provide around 9 Calories per gram, while proteins and carbohydrates only provide around 4.

Which two particles have roughly the same mass? Select the correct answer below: A. proton and neutron B. proton and electron C. neutron and electron D. atom and neutron

A. proton and neutron. Explanation: The proton and neutron both have a mass of roughly 1.67×10^−24 grams.

What is another word for period? Select the correct answer below: A. series B. group C. section D. family

A. series. Explanation: A period is also referred to as a series. The period, or series, groups elements based on their atomic orbitals.

O: posterior of lateral condyle of the humerus I: posterior of lateral olecranon process and upper 1/4 of ulnar Extension of the Elbow

Aconeus O/I Action:

Which of the following states that the pressure of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature on the Kelvin scale when the volume is held constant?

Amontons's or Gay-Lussac's law

Aristotle

Aristotle believed that everything was comprised of earth, air, water, and fire, which were infinitely divisible.

HNO2 is called?

As (NO2)− is the nitrite ion, HNO2 is called nitrous acid.

What is AMBRI?

Atraumatic multidirectional instability that is commonly bilateral

Atoms of the same element can have different: Select the correct answer below: A. atomic numbers B. mass numbers C. numbers of protons D. none of the above

B. mass numbers. Explanation: Atoms of the same element must have the same number of protons, as this defines their atomic number which is characteristic of that element. But they may have differing numbers of neutrons which would generate a different mass number.

Which subatomic particle has no electric charge? Select the correct answer below: A. proton B. neutron C. electron D. they all have electric charge

B. neutron. Explanation: The proton is positively charged and the electron is negatively charged, while the neutron, as its name would suggest, has neutral charge, or no charge.

Which of the following pairings usually forms molecular compounds? Select the correct answer below: A. metal, nonmetal B. nonmetal, nonmetal C. metal, metal D. none of the above

B. nonmetal, nonmetal. Explanation: Molecular compounds are usually formed when a nonmetal bonds with another nonmetal.

Which of the following particles is correctly matched with its charge and location (select all that apply)? Select all that apply: A. neutron: negative charge, within the nucleus B. proton: positive charge, within the nucleus C. electron: no charge, outside the nucleus D. electron: negative charge, outside the nucleus

B. proton: positive charge, within the nucleus, and D. electron: negative charge, outside the nucleus. Explanation: Atoms contain a very small nucleus composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, surrounded by a much larger volume of space containing negatively charged electrons.

The Lewis symbol for chlorine will have how many electrons? Select the correct answer below: A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

C. 7. Explanation: Chlorine has seven valence electrons, so its Lewis symbol will have seven dots.

Which of the following is NOT a field of study that would require chemistry. A. Genetics B. Technology C. Education D. Medicine

C. Education. Explanation: Chemistry aids in the understanding of STEM disciplines. Genetics, technology, and medicine would all require chemistry. The E in STEM stands for engineering, not education.

For a number written in scientific notation, 1.02×10−7, what does the exponent represent? Select the correct answer below: A. the amount of zeros to add to the digit term B. how many times to multiply the digit term by itself C. the power of ten the digit term is multiplied by D. reliability of the digit term to the accepted value.

C. the power of ten the digit term is multiplied by. Explanation: In scientific notation, the digit term (also known as the mantissa) is the number before the times symbol, and it gives the precise value of the number. The exponent (b) gives the order of magnitude of the number (power of 10) and can be used to count the number of decimal shifts from the mantissa to write the number in standard notation.

If a hypothesis is shown to be accurate after multiple tests, then: Select the correct answer below: A. it becomes a law B. it will never be proven incorrect C. there is still a chance that it could be proven wrong D. it can be applied to multiple observations

C. there is still a chance that it could be proven wrong. Explanation: Even if a hypothesis is shown to be accurate after multiple tests, there is still a chance that it could be proven wrong.

What bonds have net dipole?

CO, HF

- Flexors: Medial Epicodyle of Humerus -Extensors: Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus

Chp 7: ALL three wrist flexors all originate on the _____ ALL threee wrist extensors originate on the _____

Which of the following is an odd-electron molecule?

ClO2 ClO2 is an odd-electron molecule (7+12=19).

Which of the following is an odd-electron molecule?

ClO2, ClO2 is an odd-electron molecule (7+12=19).

Which of the following elements will form a molecular compound with one another? Select the correct answer below: A. F and Na (sodium) B. F and Ca (Calcium) C. F and Mg (Magnesium) D. F and O (oxygen)

D. F and O. Explanation: Oxygen is the only other nonmetal listed, so it is the only combination that could yield a molecular compound.

CaF2 is called __________. Select the correct answer below: A. calcium difluoride B. calcium fluorine C. calcium fluorite D. calcium fluoride

D. calcium fluoride.

Molecular geometry VS electron geometry

Electron geometry teaches us about the arrangement of different electron groups. Molecular geometry, on the other hand, helps us understand the entire atom and its arrangement. We consider both lone electron pairs and bond electron pairs while determining the shape of a molecule in electron geometry. In molecular geometry, though, we only consider bond electron pairs.2. We calculate the number of total electron pairs in electron geometry and not in molecular geometry.3. Through electron geometry, we get the spatial arrangement of the lone pairs and bond in the molecule. We can determine it through VSEPR theory, according to which, electron domains repel each other.

The number of electron domains surrounding an atom will determine the

Electron pair geometry

VSEPR theory considers which of the following?

Electron pair repulsion. The VSEPR theory assumes that each atom in a molecule will achieve a geometry that minimizes the repulsion between electrons in the valence shell of that atom. ... Repulsion between these pairs of electrons can be minimized by arranging them so that they point in opposite directions.

Which of Cl2 or I2 has the higher boiling point and why? Cl2 because it has the higher molar mass, and, therefore, stronger dispersion forces. I2because it has less molar mass, and, therefore, less dispersion forces. Cl2because it has less molar mass, and, therefore, stronger dispersion forces. I2because it has higher molar mass, and, therefore, stronger dispersion forces.

I2because it has higher molar mass, and, therefore, stronger dispersion forces. The molar mass of Cl2 is 70.9gmol, and that of I2 is 253.8gmol; I2 has a higher molar mass and, therefore, stronger dispersion forces. It has the higher boiling point.

Use the figure provided to determine which of the following is the least polar.

ICl The least polar bonds are formed between elements with the smallest difference in their electonegativities. In this case, ICl, has the smallest difference of 0.5.

Which of the following describes covalent network solids?

They have high melting points. They have low solubility.

Which formula tells us the most about a molecule?

The structural formula tells us more than either the molecular formula or empirical formula, because a structural formula contains the information from a molecular and empirical formula in addition to showing the connections of atoms in the molecule.

Where can plasma be found?

The sun The incredibly high temperature inside the Sun strips electrons from atomic nuclei to general plasma. None of the other objects are hot enough to do this (the rock, a snowflake, a hot spring)

What is a TUBS?

Traumatic unilateral dislocations with a Bankart lesion

Which spatial orientation will involve more than one bond angle value?

Trig bipyramidal

When drawing a Lewis structure, the first step is to:

We must first determine the number of valence electrons in order to decide where they go.

pec minor, serratus anterior, subclavius

abduction:

Abductor pollicis longus action

abducts thumb at the carpometacarpal joint (what muscle)

How is scoliosis named?

according to the direction of the convexity and region

A measurement is _____ if it yields results that are close to the accepted value.

accurate

What do the CH and SGH prevent motion wise?

act as tethers to prevent glenoid going lateral due to gravity

1. supination of the forearm 2. flexion of the elbow 3. weak flexion at shoulder joint 4. weak abduction at shoulder joint

actions of the biceps brachii

1. pronation of the forearm 2. weak flexion of the elbow

actions of the pronator teres

A molecule contains a central atom from Group 13 in the second row of the periodic table. The molecule shows none of the characteristics of a free radical, but will often form bonds with other molecules by accepting a pair of electrons. This molecule is most likely:

an electron-deficient molecule As the central atom of this molecule is in the second row of the periodic table, we know that it cannot be hypervalent. We also know that it cannot have an odd number of electrons, as experimental evidence suggests that it is not a free radical (as all odd-electron molecules are). It is most likely electron-deficient due to the location of its central atom (Group 13) and its tendency to form bonds with molecules containing lone pairs of electrons.

The symbol Fe could refer to which of the following? Select the best answer below.

an iron atom The element known as "iron." a macroscopic sample of iron Fe means "iron" and it can be used to represent an individual iron atom in a molecular formula, or a ratio of iron atoms to other elements or compounds in a reaction, or just to represent the element itself without reference to any specific sample of iron.

What is a Bankart lesion?

anterior dislocation of glenoid, where the anterior ligamentous structures are compromised

biceps brachii (short and long head) brachialis brachioradialis pronator teres pronator quadrus

anterior muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joint

an injury to the thumb from fighting is called ___

bennets fracture

A molecule with four electron regions where two are lone pairs has which geometry?

bent or angular

A molecule with three electron regions where one is a lone pair will have _____ molecular geometry

bent or angular

The hip joint is the joint between the head of the femur and what?

between head of the femur and ACETABULUM (what joint?)

For a gas at room temperature, how many collisions does each particle experience per second?

billions

Which type of intermolecular forces are the strongest in CH3Cl? hydrogen bonding dipole-dipole interactions dispersion forces ionic bonding

dipole-dipole interactions CH3Cl is a polar molecule because the chlorine is far more electronegative than the carbon atom. Since it is polar, it will have a permanent dipole and dipole-dipole interactions will be the strongest intermolecular forces. It cannot form hydrogen bonds because hydrogen atoms are not bonded to N, O, or F atoms. Dispersion forces will still be present, but the permanent dipole of CH3Cl makes the dispersion forces insignificant.

dislocations are caused from..

direct force or extreme motion beyond normal ROM

What is the relationship between dipole moment and the distance between the charges?

directly proportional

pec minor, rhomboids, (levator scapulae)

downward rotation:

Polar molecules have attractive dipole-dipole interactions when the dipoles are arranged in which of the following geometries?

head-to-tail: →→ side-to-side, antiparallel: ↑↓ Dipole-dipole interactions can be attractive for both head-to-tail, where the positive end of one dipole is directed towards the negative end of the other dipole, and for side-to-side, where the positive end of one dipole is next to the negative end of the other. Both of these arrangements become repulsive if one of the dipoles is reversed.

after every injury occurs, a set of cascade physiological outcomes occur and is called ___. The 3 phases of this are called ___-___ ___, ___-___ ___, ___-___ ___

healing continuum inflammatory-response phase, fibroblastic-repair phase, maturation-remodeling phase

the brachioradialis originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

lateral epicondyle of humerus lateral styloid process of radius

A pi bond involves:

lateral orbital overlap Pi bonds involve the lateral overlap of p orbitals, in which the electron density is on either side of the internuclear axis.

That a photon of a particular energy must be emitted or absorbed when an electron in a hydrogen atom changes orbits is a ramification of the:

law of conservation of energy

What is the name of the ion Pb2+?

lead (II) cation Both lead (II) and lead (IV) are cations because they are positively charged. The ion Pb2+ is lead (II) because it has 2+ charge.

In some cases, volume can be found by cubing which of the following quantities?

length

Under conditions of constant temperature and amount of substance, a plot of pressure vs. volume for an ideal gas will result in __________. a line a parabola a logarithmic function none of the above

none of the above This plot will give a hyperbolic relationship because there is an inverse relationship between the pressure and the volume of an ideal gas under conditions of constant temperature and constant amount of substance (constant number of moles, n).

Type 1 dysfunction for scoliosis characteristic?

rib hump present

How do PT's asses arthrokinematics of rotation and gliding?

rib springing

the subclavius originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

rib, clavicle

the serratus anterior (boxers muscle) originates at the ___ and inserts at the ____

ribs, medial border of the scapula

Supanation

rotation of arm to place palm up

some common instability problems in the glenohumeral joint are

rotator cuff impingement, subluxation, and dislocations

S--supraspinatus I--infraspinatus T--teres minor S--subscapularis

rotator cuff muscles:

intrinsic glenohumeral muscles are..

rotator cuff, deltoid, coracobrachialis, teres major

O: entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis O/I

In a chemical equation, the number of atoms of a particular element that are present in a substance is indicated by a:

subscript

law

summarize a vast number of experimental observations, and describe or predict some facet of the natural world, but typically do not provide a comprehensive explanation as to why an experimental observation occurs.

in anatomic neutral what force direction will the deltoid pull naturally?

superior force will out weigh lateral

At the exact instant that a carbonated beverage is opened, it is __________.

supersaturated with carbon dioxide

brachioradialis actions

supinate and pronate radioulnar joint (muscle?)

the biceps is stronger in what position?

supination

movements of the proximal radioulnar joint are ___ and ___

supination/pronation

Atlas (C1)

supports the head; allows a rocking motion in conjunction with the occipital condyles

extensor carpi ulnaris actions

wrist extension, ulnar deviation (what muscle?)

Flexor carpi radialis actions

wrist flexion, radial deviation (what wrist muscle)

Ideally, the net heat change in a calorimetry experiment will be:

zero

Calculate the change in enthalpy associated with the combustion of 14.6 g of isooctane

−698kJ

Is C-0 a vertebrae?

No

When energy is converted from one form to another in a chemical or physical change, which of the following also changes by a measureable amount?

None of the above

If there are multiple resonance structures of a molecule with a formal negative charge that can end up on different atoms, placing the negative formal charge on which of the following elements generally gives the most stable resonance structure?

O The negative charge is most stabilized when it is on the most electronegative atom. Of the above options, that would be oxygen.

O: Spinous processes of the 7th cervical and first 5 thoracic vertebrae I: Medial border of the scapula

O/I rhomboids

A homogeneous mixture like salt and water can be separated by

distillation; A homogeneous mixture can be separated by physical means, such as causing one substance to boil away while the other remains, which is what distillation accomplishes.

If the pressure in a container filled with air is quadrupled, we know that the volume must be __________.

divided by four

Mass depends on:

the amount of material

What is the chemical formula of the ionic compound ammonium phosphate?

(NH3)3PO4 Ammonium is a polyatomic ion with 1+ charge, and phosphate is a polyatomic ion with 3− charge. Putting these ions together gives the formula (NH4)3PO4, which is named ammonium phosphate.

Ammonium nitride is formed from the NH+4 cation and the N3− anion. What is the correct formula for this compound?

(NH4)3N An ionic compound must be electrically neutral, so it must have the same number of positive and negative charges. Three ammonium ions, each with a charge of 1+, would give us three positive charges, while one nitride ion, with a charge of 3−, would give us three negative charges. Therefore, the formula is three ammonium ions to one nitride ion: (NH4)3N.

the three articulations of the elbow joint are...

1) humerus and ulna 2) humerus and radius 3) ulna and radius

How many electrons does O^2− contain?

10 electrons. Explanation: The following equation can be used to determine the number of electrons in an element. overall charge=number of protons−number of electrons. The overall charge of the ion is −2. Rearranging and using the atomic number for the number of protons, we can solve for the number of electrons: number of electrons=number of protons−overall charge. number of electrons=8−(−2)=10

The molecular mass of SF6 is

146.05 amu

A gas sample has a volume of 150.0 mL at 30.00∘C and 300.0 kPa. What will the pressure be if it is cooled to 20.00∘C at a constant volume? Report your answer with four significant figures

290.1

Which of the following best explains what resonance structures are?

A molecule whose Lewis structure could be described by more than one resonance structure possesses an electronic structure equal to that of a combination of the resonance structures, with the more stable structures contributing more to the average structure. Resonance structures all contribute to the overall electronic structure of a molecules. They do not fluctuate over time, and they do not represent exact structures of different compounds. Instead, for any given arrangement of atoms in a molecule, the most stable arrangement of multiple bonds and formal charges may not represent a single Lewis structure, but an average over multiple stable resonance structures.

London Forces are?

A weak force that holds non-polar (symmetric) molecules together when in solid or liquid states

A hybrid car holds 32 gallons of gas in its tank. If it travels from San Diego to Seattle in three tanks of gas, and gas costs $3.29 per gallon, about how much did the trip cost? Select the correct answer below: A. $316 B. $29 C. $35 D. $380

A. $316. Explanation: 32 gal (3)= 96 gallons. 96 gallons($3.29)=$315.84. Round up to $316.

In the following equation, which substance is a precipitate: Ca2++2Cl−+2Ag++2NO−3→Ca2++2NO−3+2AgCl

AgCl

You conduct an experiment to determine that the specific heat of a sample of metal is 0.90J/g∘C. What is the sample most likely to be? Report your answer using the correct element symbol.

Al

Which of the following statement(s) about dispersion forces are correct? Larger and heavier atoms and molecules tend to exhibit stronger dispersion forces than smaller ones. Dispersion forces are weaker between molecules that are not easily polarized. Dispersion forces are stronger between molecules that are easily polarized. All of the above

All of the above Dispersion forces are present between any two molecules (even polar molecules) when they are almost touching. Dispersion forces are present between all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. Larger and heavier atoms and molecules exhibit stronger dispersion forces than smaller and lighter ones. In a larger atom or molecule, the valence electrons are, on average, farther from the nuclei than in a smaller atom or molecule. They are less tightly held and can more easily form temporary dipoles. London dispersion forces tend to be stronger between molecules that are easily polarized and weaker between molecules that are not easily polarized.

The ideal gas law displays the relationship in which of the following?

Amontons's law Charles's law Boyle's law Avogadro's law

as you increase _____________ _____________ you decrease the subacromial space

Anterior tilting

Which of the following is a colloid?

An opal

Anterior tilting will produce what response in terms of the scapular inferior and superior angles?

Anterior displacement at superior angle and posterior displacement at inferior angle Opposite for Posterior tilting

Elements in group 2 will tend to form ions with a charge of __________. Select the correct answer below: A. 1+ B. 2+ C. 1− D. 2−

B. 2+. Explanation: Elements in group 2 will have a tendency to lose two electrons, giving them a charge of 2+.

The molar mass of I2 is 254gmol, and that of astatine (At2) is 420gmol. Which one has the higher melting point and why? I2, because it has less molar mass, and, therefore, the dispersion forces between molecules are smaller. I2, because it has the higher molar mass, and, therefore, the dispersion forces between molecules are higher. At2, because it has higher molar mass, and, therefore, stronger dispersion forces. At2, because it has less molar mass, and, therefore, stronger dispersion forces.

At2, because it has higher molar mass, and, therefore, stronger dispersion forces.

Adjacent polar covalent molecules will?

Attract each other, resulting in higher melting and boiling points

A 150 g sample of a compound is comprised of 44% C, 9% H and the remainder is O by mass. What is the compound's empirical formula?

C5H12O4

Where can you find an incomplete octect most?

B, Al, O, Br covalent compounds in groups 2 and 3 can form stable compounds in which the valence electrons are not in the noble gas structure. However, for these compounds you will find that they do form compounds that minimize formal charge. Hydrogen makes one bond (group 1). Beryllium makes two bonds (it is the only element in group 2 to make covalent compounds). The group 3 elements boron and aluminum make three bonds. How many bonds do carbon (and the other group four elements typically make)? Four.

How many electrons does potassium need to lose to attain a noble gas configuration? Select the correct answer below: A. 5 B. 1 C. 3 D. 8

B. 1. Explanation: Metal atoms of the elements in group 1 and group 2 lose enough electrons to leave them with the same number of electrons as an atom of the preceding noble gas. Potassium (K) is in group 1 and needs to lose 1 electron to attain a noble gas configuration.

What is the atomic symbol for an atom with 72 protons, 108 neutrons, and 72 electrons? Select the correct answer below: A. 108/72Hs B. 180/72Hf C. 180/108Hs D. 108/72Hf

B. 180/72Hf. Explanation: The atomic number is the number of protons, or 72. By referring to the periodic table, we can find the symbol for the element, Hf. Find the mass number by adding the number of protons to the number of neutrons: mass number=number of protons+number of neutrons=72+108=180. Write the atomic symbol by writing the element symbol first and then writing the atomic number in the lower left and the mass number in the upper left. Therefore, the symbol is 180/72Hf.

Which is NOT a scientific field that is requires a knowledge of chemistry? Select the correct answer below: A. physics B. sociology C. astronomy D. biology

B. sociology. Explanation: Chemistry deals with atoms and subatomic particles, which have properties as dictated by particle physics. Astronomy deals with chemistry in the sense that stars produce all of their chemical elements through nuclear fusion. And biology is intimately linked with chemistry, as the large molecules that make up biological structures obey chemical principles. Sociology deals with factors that are emergent properties of large groups of humans, so there is little to do with chemistry.

Molybdenum-99 is an isotope used to produce an isomer used in nuclear medicine. What is the atomic symbol for molybdenum-99? Select the correct answer below: A. 57/42Mo B. 99/57Mo C. 99/42Mo D. 99/25Mn

C. 99/42Mo. Explanation: The total number of neutrons and protons (atomic mass) for molybdenum-99 is 99. This value goes in the left-hand superscript. The left-hand subscript is the atomic number for molybdenum found on the periodic table, 42. Finally, the element symbol for molybdenum is Mo.

If an atom has a mass number of 18 and an atomic number of 10, then how many protons and neutrons does it contain? Select the correct answer below: A. 8 protons, 10 neutrons B. 7 protons, 11 neutrons C. 10 protons, 8 neutrons D. 9 protons, 9 neutrons

C. 10 protons, 8 neutrons. Explanation: If the mass number is 18 and the atomic number is 10 (number of protons) then there are 10 protons and 8 neutrons (18−10=8).

Use dimensional analysis to convert 15.0 inches into centimeters. (1.00 in =2.54 cm). Select the correct answer below: A. 2.54 cm B. 5.09 cm C. 38.1 cm D. 40.3 cm

C. 38.1 cm. Explanation: To convert between inches and centimeters you use the conversion factor: 1.00 in=2.54 cm. 15.0 in×2.54 cm=38.1 cm.

When carbon dioxide is dissolved in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, the mixture reacts to yield aqueous sodium carbonate and liquid water. Determine the net ionic equation for this process

CO2(aq)+2OH−(aq)⟶CO2−3(aq)+H2O(l)

What is the chemical formula for chromium(III) phosphate? (hint: phosphate has a 3− charge)

CrPO4

35 gigatons equals __________. Select the correct answer below: A. 3.5×10^−9tons B. 3.5×10^−10tons C. 3.5×10^9tons D. 3.5×10^10tons

D. 3.5×10^10 tons. Explanation: The prefix "giga" means 10^9, so it can be written as the following. 35 gigaton=35×10^9 tons To write the number in scientific notation, the decimal part must be between 1 and 10. Move the decimal point in 35 to the left one place, and, since this makes the number smaller by a power of 10, add 1 to the exponent on 10 to compensate. 35×10^9 tons=3.5×10^10 tons.

How many periods are present on the periodic table? Select the correct answer below: A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

D. 7. Explanation: The periodic table arranges the elements in increasing order of their atomic numbers and groups atoms with similar properties in the same vertical column. All of the elements on the table fit into 7 periods.

Which of the following molecules will NOT participate in dipole-dipole interactions? Select the correct answer below: A. SO2 B. H2O C. H2S D. CO2

D. CO2. Explanation: Only molecules with an overall net dipole will be able to participate in dipole-dipole interactions. Therefore, of the choices given only CO2 is a nonpolar molecule with no net dipole. Even though it does have polar bonds, the dipoles point in opposite directions and cancel each other out making it a nonpolar molecule that exhibits only London dispersion forces.

Who was the first person to propose the existence of the atom?

Democritus

Postural Deviations

Departures from the ideal, standard vertical alignment

Which of the following is the word used for the particulate component of a colloid that is typically present in a relatively minor amount?

Dispersed phase

Which of the following scientists published tables with the elements arranged according to increasing atomic mass?

Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer

What is the first step in predicting the geometry of a molecule?

Draw the Lewis Structure

Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Indicis, Extensor Digiti Minimi, Extensor Pollicis Longus

Extension of Fingers & Thumb(Reposition)

With scapular dumping what problems will be created?

False positive sulcus test False positive for AMBRI False positive for TUBS

What is the empirical formula of a compound that is made up of 72.4% Fe and 27.6% O by mass?

Fe3O4

what are the component motions of upper extremity ROM?

Glenohumeral Scapulothoracic acromioclavicular Sternoclavicular

Which fact adequately explains why HCl has a higher boiling point than F2?

HCl is a polar molecule and F2 is not

Which fact adequately explains why HCl has a higher boiling point than F2?

HCl is a polar molecule, F2 is not. The dipole present in HCl allows it to generate dipole-dipole interactions, while F2 is strictly nonpolar. The stronger intermolecular forces cause HCl to remain liquid until higher temperatures are reached.

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? HCl HF HBr they have the same boiling point

HF

Write the net ionic equation for: HF (aq)+NaOH (aq)→NaF (aq)+H2O (l)

HF(aq)+OH−(aq)⟶F−(aq)+H2O(l)

Write the acid-base reaction between the weak acid hydrofluoric acid, HF and the strong base sodium hydroxide NaOH

HF+NaOH⟶NaF+

Identify the chemical symbol of mercury.

Hg. Mercury is located in group 12 of the periodic table.

Hydrogen bonding in DNA?

Holds two strands of double helix together

What bond gives rise to properties of water?

Hydrogen bonds

Given 2 HNO3+6 HI→2 NO+3 I2+4 H2O, identify which element is oxidized.

I

Which of Cl2 or I2 has the higher boiling point and why?

I2 because it has higher molar mass, and therefore, stronger dispersion forces.

ICl is a polar molecule and Br2 is a non-polar molecule. Which molecule will have a higher boiling point? ICl Br2 Both ICl and Br2 will have the same boiling point. There is not enough information to answer this question.

ICl

Facet articulations

Inferior facet of the superior vertebrae face inferior and anterior superior facet of the inferior vertebrae face superior and posterior 60 degrees from horizontal plane

The overall formal charge in a molecule will always equal 1. An atom's formal charge is always equal to its actual charge. In covalent molecules, formal charges are hypothetical. all of the above

In covalent molecules, formal charges are hypothetical. In a molecule or ion containing only covalent bonds, the formal charge of an atom is the hypothetical charge that the atom would have if electrons could be redistributed evenly between atoms. In neutral covalent molecules, formal charges are always a formality—each of the atoms contained therein are electrically neutral. Conversely, in covalently bonded ions (which carry an overall charge), the formal charge of a given atom may be the actual charge on the atom, but often is not.

Which of the following can be explained by the kinetic molecular theory (KMT)?

Increased collisions of gas particles with their container translates to a higher pressure within that container. Lowering the temperature of gas molecules decreases their average kinetic energy. There is little or no attraction among the molecules of a gas.

Which of the following is true regarding the enthalpy change (ΔH) of a reaction? (select all that apply)

Increasing the coefficients of the reaction increases the enthalpy change, ΔH. A change in the physical state of the reactants and products will affect the enthalpy change, ΔH.

What phenomena can only be explained by considering the wave nature of light?

Interference

Check reins to side bending

Intertransverse ligament, Contralateral zygopophyseal joint

How do intermolecular forces compare with intramolecular forces in terms of strength?

Intramolecular forces are typically much stronger

Which intermolecular force is most commonly found in solutions?

Ion-Dipole (Ex salt in water)

What type of bonds hold together ionic compounds?

Ionic Bonds

Which describes ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds are electrically neutral because they consist of ions with opposite charges and equal magnitude.

Which of the following is a characteristic of an ionic compound?

Ionic solids exhibit crystalline structure. Ionic solids have high melting points. Ionic solids have high boiling points.

Through experiment, you determine the specific heat of a sample to be 0.46J/(g∘C). What is the sample most likely to be?

Iron

Who is credited with deriving the electronegativtiy values of the periodic table?

Linus Pauling

Which noble gas will have the narrowest curve for distribution of molecular velocity? He Ne Ar Kr

Kr The greater the mass, the more slowly the particles move. Slower moving particles have fewer velocities within which to distribute all the particles, so a great quantity of particles will end up moving at or near the most probable speed, which will be illustrated with a taller, narrower distribution curve.

Identify the chemical symbol for krypton.

Kr. Explanation: The chemical symbol for krypton is Kr. Krypton is located in group 18 in the periodic table.

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5, third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine

spondylolisthesis affects older generations in the _____ and younger in the ____

L4 and L5 L5-S1

Fryette's law of lower thoracic spine

Law 1 SB and rotation occur in opposite directions in neutral mechanics Obey Type 2 in non-neutral positions

Fryette's law of Upper Thoracic spine

Law 2 SB and Rotation occur in the same direction in neutral and non-neutral positions

What is the formula for lithium phosphate?

Li3PO4 Step 1: Identify the symbol of the cation. The cation is lithium, which is written as Li+. Step 2: Identify the formula of the anion. The anion is phosphate, which is written as PO3−4. Step 3: Use the minimum number of cations and anions needed to make the sum of all charges in the formula equal to zero. The Li+ cation has a 1+ charge and the PO3−4 has a 3− charge. In order to balance the charges, three Li+ cations are needed for every PO3−4 anion. Therefore, the formula for lithium phosphate is Li3PO4.

When the elbow is flexed, its primary source of stability is?

Ligaments. Radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament (provide stability where and when?)

Along with Dmitri Mendeleev, what other scientist is credited with organizing the periodic table of elements in order of increasing mass?

Lothar Meyer

Schrodinger was able to build off of the work of ________ to determine that electrons should be thought of in terms of wave functions.

Louis de Broglie

Why can the lower trap produce upward rotation in phase 2B? and what cant now?

Lower trap now has a MA because the ICR movement to the acromion, however now the upper trap has no MA so it can not produce upward rotation

After a reaction, a new compound contains 0.73 g Mg and 0.28 g N. What is the empirical formula of this compound?

Mg₃N₂

Which bond in phosphoryl chloride, shown above, is the "largest"

P=O

Which of the following does NOT have trigonal planar electron-pair geometry?

PCl3

Costosternal joint type? what is the exception?

Plane synovial joint, rib 1 is cartilaginous so there is little tto no motion

Matter that is super-ionized such that it is no longer strictly atomic is a:

Plasma Though it can be considered gaseous in a sense, the highly ionized character of a plasma makes it behave much differently than other forms of matter

Epichondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle, lateral epicondyle is less obvious (wrist extensor origin), medial epicondyle is very pronounced (wrist flexor origin)

As you move from T1-T12 what ROM increases and Why?

Sidebending increases, because of increased rib separation

What statement is NOT correct about σ bonding?

Rotation around single σ-bonds does not occur easily.

0.738×0.28 is 0.20664 but is rounded to 0.21. Which rule or rules are applied to this calculation?

Round the result to the same number of significant figures as the value with the least number of significant figures. Round up if the digit to be dropped is 5 or greater.

Clinically what will we see present in a patient who presents scapular dumping?

Rounded shoulder posture , Scapulae have protracted and downwardly rotated

For flexion which muscle is more important, serratus or trapezius?

Serratus more important, trapezius can alone onlt produce 20 degrees of flexion

What is the name of SnO2?

SnO2 is an ionic compound with a tin cation and the oxide anion. Tin can have multiple charges, so the name must indicate the charge with a roman numeral. To find the charge on the tin cation, use the fact that oxide has a charge of −2. There are two oxide anions, so the charge on the tin cation must be +4 in order to give a neutral charge overall. 1(+4)+2(−2)=0. Therefore, the name of the compound is tin (IV) oxide.

carpal bones mnemonic

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle

What is the molecular structure of IF₅?

Square pyramidal

2 Sr+O2→2 SrO is a redox reaction. Which of the following is the reducing agent and its change in oxidation number?

Sr is the reducing agent, oxidation change from 0 to 2+

Given the formula Fe(NO3)2 what is the name of the ionic compound it represents? (Hint: Use the periodic table above to help you if you don't know all of the symbols by heart.)

Step 1: Identify the cation and decide if it has variable charge. If yes, then a Roman numeral will be used.Result of this step = Iron (Fe) can have variable charge. Step 2: Identify the anion.Result of this step = The polyatomic anion is NO3¯. Step 3: If the cation shows variable charge, you must determine the necessary Roman numeral. This is done by calculating the total charge contributed by the polyatomic ion.Result of this step = NO3¯ has a charge of -1 and there are two of them, giving a total charge of -2. This means that the iron must have a +2 charge, in order to keep the total charge of the formula at 0. Step 4: Determine the name of the polyatomic anion.Result of this step = NO3¯ is nitrate. The resulting name of this compound is iron(II) nitrate.

Hydrogen bonds are

Stronger version of dipole dipole, found in molecules containing H and one of F, O, or N (water)

with trapezius paralysis how will abduction be affected?

The ROM will be limited to 75 degrees

What is energy?

The capacity to supply heat or do work

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle does not apply when measuring which pair of observable quantities?

The energy and momentum of an electron.

How do colloids differ from suspensions?

The dispersed particles in colloids do not settle out upon standing. The particles in colloids are smaller than the particles in suspensions.

Which of the following is NOT an assumption made regarding Bohr's atomic model?

The electron is continuously emitting electromagnetic radiation.

What is an assumption Bohr made about the hydrogen atom?

The electron is not continuously emitting electromagnetic radiation.

When reading a measurement from an analog instrument like a ruler or a mercury thermometer, how should you determine the number of significant figures to record?

The least significant figure should be estimated by reading between the smallest markings on the instrument.

What is enthalpy

The measure of energy in a thermodynamic system

To name an inorganic compound, we need to consider the answers to several questions. First, is the compound ionic or molecular? If the compound is ionic, does the metal only take on one charge value (fixed charge), or can it have multiple different charges (variable charge)? Are the ions monatomic or polyatomic? If the compound is molecular, does it contain hydrogen? If so, does it also contain oxygen? From the answers we derive, we place the compound in an appropriate category and then name it accordingly.

The majority of metals of variable charge are transition metals; most of the transition metals can form two or more different cations (each with a different charge). Ionic compounds containing these metals are named by the same method as compounds with fixed charge metals, except that the charge of the metal ion is specified by a Roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the metal. The charge of the metal ion is determined from the formula of the compound and the charge of the anion. For example, consider binary ionic compounds of iron and chlorine. Iron typically exhibits a charge of either 2+ or 3+, and the two corresponding chlorides are FeCl2 and FeCl3. The simplest name, "iron chloride," will, in this case, be ambiguous, as it does not distinguish between these two compounds. In cases like this, the charge of the metal ion is included as a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the metal name. These two compounds are then unambiguously named iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride, respectively. Older nomenclature used the suffixes -ic and -ous to designate metals with higher and lower charges, respectively: Iron(III) chloride, FeCl3, was previously called ferric chloride, and iron(II) chloride, FeCl2, was known as ferrous chloride. Though this naming convention has been largely abandoned by the scientific community, it remains in use by some segments of industry. For example, you may see the words stannous fluoride on a tube of toothpaste. This represents the formula SnF2, which is more properly named tin(II) fluoride. The other fluoride of tin is SnF4, which was previously called stannic fluoride, but is now named tin(IV) fluoride. Note that this older system of naming uses the Latin roots of the metals involved.

formal charge

The number of valence electrons in an isolated atom minus the number of electrons assigned to the atom in the Lewis structure

If we compare a mole of carbon atoms to a mole of oxygen atoms, which sample will contain more mass?

The oxygen sample

When adding or subtracting Sig Figs

The result will have as many decimal places of the value with the few were decimal places

Thoracic Rule of threes

The rule of threes divides the thoracic spine into 4 sets of 3 vertebrae from cranial to caudal, and states that the SPs are located at the same level, one half level below, or 1 full level below the TPs of their corresponding vertebrae

glenohumeral joint

The synovial ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder motions include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, internal and external rotation static stability of the GH joint is provided by the coracohumeral ligament and the joint capsule dynamic stability is provided by the rotator cuff

Which of the following is a characteristic of ionic solids?

Their ionic bonds are very strong Ionic solids are poor conductors of electricity Ionic solids dissolve easily in water The properties of ionic compounds shed some light on the nature of ionic bonds. Ionic solids exhibit a crystalline structure and tend to be rigid and brittle; they also tend to have high melting and boiling points, which suggests that ionic bonds are very strong. Ionic solids are also poor conductors of electricity for the same reason. Most ionic solids, however, dissolve readily in water.

Which of the following is true about thermochemistry?

Thermochemistry involves studying the release and absorption of heat energy. Both chemical and physical changes are studied in thermochemistry. Understanding the principles of thermochemistry is important for a wide variety of disciplines. Thermochemistry involves studying the release and absorption of heat energy during chemical and physical changes, and it is used in a great many disciplines.

What happens to the 1s orbitals on the hydrogen atoms as they approach to make a covalent bond?

They begin to overlap in a direct or head-on fashion. It is this overlapping of orbitals that allows the electrons to interact with both nuclei.

A particular kind of Spanish orange is completely fat free. If one of the oranges has 40 Calories total and a test shows that it contains 1gram of protein, how many grams of carbohydrates does it have? Report your answer with one significant figure.

Use the given Caloric content and the average values of 4Calories per gram for carbohydrates and 4Calories per gram for protein to set up an equation with x as the unknown amount of carbohydrates. 1g protein×4Calories/g protein+xg carb×4Calories/g carb=40Calories. Simplify and solve for x --->4+4x=40, so x=9. There are 9grams of carbohydrates in the orange.

When calculating the concentration of a diluted solution using the equation M1V1=M2V2 (also sometimes given as c1V1=c2V2), what must be true about the units of volume?

V1 and V2 can be any volume units, as long as they are the same.

Charles's law is described by which of the following equations?

V=kT V/T=k V1/T1=V2/T2

_________ is the pressure exerted by the vapor in equilibrium with a liquid in a closed container at a given temperature.

Vapor pressure

The work of which of the following people lent itself to the establishment of quantum mechanics?

Werner Heisenberg Erwin Schrodinger Louis de Broglie

A compound that consists of hydrogen and one other non-metallic element is known as:

a binary acid

a tight Glenohumeral anterior capsule acts as a what to ER?

a check rein

Polar covalent is?

When e- are shared unequally between two atoms (molecule has a slightly positive and slightly negative end)

When flexing index finger, your middle finger has to flex as well but?

When you extend your index finger your middle finger doesn't have to extend as well?

Which of the following units is a derived SI unit (not one of the SI base units)?

Which of the following units is a derived SI unit (not one of the SI base units)?

Someone with a carrying angle of 15 degrees is most likely a?

Women (greater ___ angle of __ degrees)

What role would an exaggerated thoracic kyphosis and/or an abnormally elevated position of the scapula play in sagital plane posture of the scapula?

Would lead to an external impingement due to the increased angle of the anterior tilt decreasing the "5 dime high space" in the subacromial space

Are facet joints synovial?

Yes they're not synarthroses (no movement)

Which will have the shortest wavelength?

a baseball

Supercritical fluids are considered to be:

a single, unique phase of matter

The interactions that molecules of one substance make with the surface of some other substance are called:

adhesive forces

extensors

all muscles of the elbow and radioulnar join that are of lateral origin are _____

To convert from the mass of one substance to the mass of another substance in a chemical equation, we will need to use:

all of the above

Which substance will sublimate when in the solid phase at room temperature and pressure?

carbon dioxide

Which bond is the shortest?

carbon-oxygen triple bond With each additional bond, the bond length contracts, so the triple bond will be the shortest.

Polar molecules have attractive dipole-dipole interactions when the dipoles are arranged in which of the following geometries? head-to-tail: →→ head-to-head: →← side-to-side, antiparallel: ↑↓ side-to-side, parallel: ↑↑

head-to-tail: →→ side-to-side, antiparallel: ↑↓ Dipole-dipole interactions can be attractive for both head-to-tail, where the positive end of one dipole is directed towards the negative end of the other dipole, and for side-to-side, where the positive end of one dipole is next to the negative end of the other. Both of these arrangements become repulsive if one of the dipoles is reversed.

Gases deviate from ideal gas behavior more at

high pressures and low temperatures At lower temperatures, molecules are moving slower and have more time to interact with each other. At high pressures, the molecules of a gas are crowded closer together, and there is more opportunity for interaction between attractive forces.

A hot shower is associated with _____________ thermal energy, and the heat will flow from a __________ object to a ___________ object.

high; hot, cold Thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. In a hot shower, the particles are moving more quickly than they would in a cold shower. Additionally, heat is the exchange of thermal energy, and heat will always flow from a hot object to a cold object.

Hydrogen bonding results in:

higher boiling points, higher melting points, and higher heats of vaporization

What is the name of the binary acid: HBr?

hydrobromic acid

What is the name of the compound with the formula Fe(OH)3?

iron(III) hydroxide Iron has two possible oxidation states. In this example, we know there are three hydroxides, each with a charge of -1. This totals to a charge of -3. In order to balance the formula charge, iron must have a charge of +3. Therefore, the first part of the name is iron(III). The second part of the name is hydroxide, the name of the polyatomic ion. The name of this compound is iron(III) hydroxide.

theory

is a comprehensive explanation for observed phenomena, and is generally backed up by many scientific experiments.

a chronic injury has..

lasted several weeks

Protraction of the scapula is coupled with?

medial rotation

What physical state of matter is associated with the strongest attractive forces between particles (molecules, ions, or atoms)?

solid

Which physical form of matter has definite shape and volume?

solid

Substances on the same side of a chemical equation are separated by a:

+

What is the oxidation number of lead (Pb) in the molecule PbO2?

+4

Determine Covalent Bond Strength Question H2 (g) + C2H4 (g) -> C2H6 (g) BE(C-H)-413 k] BE(H-H) 43...

-124 kj The enthalpy of the reaction is given by HH= Sum of bonds broken− Sum of bonds formed=[(H-H)+4(C-H)+(C=C)]−[6(C-H)+ (C-C)]=[436+4(413)+614]−[6(413)+348]=−124 kJ Notice that the number of bonds (used as a coefficient) is an exact value, so it does not constrain the number of significant figures. FEEDBACK

An object with a heat capacity of 3.40×103J∘C absorbs 54.0 kJ of heat, beginning at −25.0∘C. What will be the final temperature of the object?

-9.1

N2(g)+3H2(g)⟶2NH3(g)Bond energy of(N≡N)=941 kJBond energy of(H−H)=436 kJBond energy of(N−H)=391 kJ

-97 KJ Before solving this problem, be sure to draw out the structures of N2, H2 and NH3. Doing this, you should find that this reaction involves the dissociation of a N≡N bond and three H−H bonds (one in each H2 molecule), as well as the formation of six N−H bonds (three in each molecule of NH3). The enthalpy of the reaction is given by the following: ΔHΔHΔHΔH=∑Dbonds broken−∑Dbonds formed=[(N≡N)+3(H−H)]−6(N−H)=941 kJ+(3×436 kJ)−(6×391 kJ)=−97 kJ Notice that the number of bonds (used as a coefficient) is an exact value, so it does not constrain the number of significant figures.

Which of the following will participate in dipole-dipole interactions? C2H6 CO2 H2O H2

-H2O Dipole-dipole attraction is the electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another, and water is the only polar molecule of these choices.

ICl is a polar molecule and Br2 is a non-polar molecule. Which molecule will have a higher boiling point?

-ICl ICl and Br2 have similar masses (∼160 amu) and the same shape (they are both linear molecules). Therefore, these molecules experience similar London dispersion forces. However, ICl is polar and thus also exhibits dipole-dipole attractions, while Br2 is nonpolar and does not. The relatively strong dipole-dipole attractions require more energy to overcome than London dispersion forces, so ICl will have the higher boiling point.

Which of the following is a step in creating a Lewis structure?

-Place all remaining electrons on the central atom. -Draw a skeleton structure of the molecule around the central atom. -Rearrange electrons of the outer atoms to make multiple bonds with the central atom.

One cast iron pan has a mass of 2.26kg and a second cast iron pan has a mass of 3.54kg. Which of the following statements are true? (select all that apply)

-The two pans will have the same specific heat capacity. -The heat capacity of the larger pan will be greater than the heat capacity of the smaller pan.

A student wants to crush a can and needs to double the pressure they are applying to the can. Which action can they take to accomplish this?

-double the force applied and keep the area the same -keep the force the same and decrease the area by 1/2

Hydrogen bonding results in:

-higher boiling points Hydrogen bonding increases a substance's boiling point, melting point, and heat of vaporization. These are all due to the strong intermolecular forces present in such a substance, making the molecules harder to separate.

Which of the below factors contribute to making hydrogen bonds so strong? highly concentrated partial charges large differences in electronegativity between the two atoms in the bond strong dispersion forces small size of the atoms

-highly concentrated partial charges -large differences in electronegativity between the two atoms in the bond -small size of the atoms The very large difference in electronegativity between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for F, 3.5 for O, or 3.0 for N), combined with the very small size of a hydrogen atom and the relatively small sizes of fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atoms, lead to areas of highly concentrated partial charge on these atoms. All of these factors create strong hydrogen bonds.

Which of the following would result in stronger dispersion forces?

-large and heavy molecules -molecules with higher polarizability In larger and heavier molecules, valence electrons are farther away from the nuclei and can more easily form temporary dipoles. Polarizability is a measure of how easy it is for another electrostatic charge to distort a molecule's charge distribution. If a molecule is polarizable, it is easily distorted and will have large dispersion forces.

According to Amontons's law or Gay-Lussac's law, which states that the pressure of a gas is proportional to the temperature of the gas, what would be the pressure of a gas at absolute zero

0

If a hot metal were placed in a calorimeter filled with cooler water, ideally, what would the net heat exchange be?

0

A coat rack weighs 65.0 lbs when it is filled with winter coats and 40.0 lbs when it is empty. The base of the coat rack has an area of 452.4 in2. How much more pressure, in psi (pounds per square inch), is exerted by the coat rack on the floor when it is filled with winter coats than when it is empty

0.0553

How many moles are in 2.3 g of phosphorus? Your answer should have two significant figures.

0.074 mol To calculate the number of moles in 2.3g of phosphorus, divide this mass by the molar mass as follows. 2.3g×1mol/30.974g=0.0743mol Therefore, after rounding to two significant figures, we find that there are about 0.074mol of phosphorus in a 2.3g sample

What is the specific heat of a metal if 175 J are needed in order to increase the temperature of a 50. g sample from 25 ∘C to 50. ∘C? Report your answer with two significant figures.

0.14 J/(g ∘C)

What is the density of a sample of hydrogen gas that exerts 2.85 atm of pressure at 225K

0.31g/L

What is the partial pressure in atmospheres of CO2 if a mixture has 5.0 moles of CO2, 3.0 moles of N2, and 1.0 mole of H2? The container has a total pressure of 1.05 atm. Your answer should have two significant figures (round your answer to two decimal places).

0.58 atm

How many moles of sodium are in a 13.6 g block?

0.592 moles

How many moles of FeCl3 are present in a 145 g sample?

0.894 moles

Before landing the brakes and the tires of an airliner have a temperature of 15.0∘C. Upon landing, the 90.7 kg carbon fiber brakes of an airliner heat up to 312∘C. As the brakes start to cool down, the heat is absorbed by the 123 kg rubber tires. What is the specific heat of the tires if the final temperature of both the brakes and the tires at thermal equilibrium is 172∘C?

0.921

A typical barometric pressure in Kansas City is 740 torr. What is this pressure in atmospheres and in bar?

0.974 atm, 0.987 bar

Typically an oxygen atom with ____ covalent bond will have a formal charge of −1.

1 If oxygen has one bond and three lone pairs, that would cause a formal negative charge. For example, consider the Lewis structure for the hydroxide anion. [⋅⋅O⋅⋅⋅⋅−H]−−10 Here, oxygen has one bond and three lone pairs. Therefore, the oxygen atom "has control" of 7 electrons, (6 electrons from the three lone pairs and 1 from the O−H bond) and so oxygen has a formal charge of −1.

On the resonance hybrid for NO−2, in between the nitrogen atom and each oxygen atom there is:

1 covalent and one partial bond

A liter is equivalent to:

1 dm^3

The Lewis symbol for sodium will have how many dots?

1 dot. With one valence electron, its Lewis symbol will have one dot.

T10 Spinous process in relation to Transverse Process

1 full segment below

what ribs articulate with the sternum

1-7

Dalton believed

1. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike 2. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed

what are the three rotary motions at the scapulothoracic junction?

1. upward/downward rotation 2. anterior/posterior tilting 3. medial/lateral rotation

According to the given equation, how many moles of O2 are required to react with 3.6 moles of H2? 2H2+O2⟶2H2O

1.8mol O2

What is the volume of a 5.30g piece of aluminum? The density for aluminum is 2.70gmL.

1.96 mL. Explanation: Rearrange the density equation to solve for volume: d =m/v v =m/d. v =5.30 g/2.70g/mL v =1.96mL.

How many electrons does Na+ contain?

10 electrons. Explanation: The following equation can be used to determine the number of electrons in an element: overall charge=number of protons−number of electrons. The overall charge of the ion is +1. Rearranging and using the atomic number for the number of protons, we can solve for the number of electrons: # of electrons=number of protons−overall charge. # of electrons= 11−(+1)=10.

A tetrahedral molecule will have what degree angles?

109.5

Phase 2b elevation

120-end range ICR fully at AC joint Scapular upward rotation, being coupled with anterior tilting causes depression of the corocoid process, this depression tension loads coracoclavicular ligaments Conoid ligament will be tension loaded causing a posterior roll of the clavicle

Find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in 27/13Al.

13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons. Explanation: Start by using the atomic number from the symbol 27/13Al to find the number of protons. The 13 in the lower left is the atomic number, which means it is also the number of protons. In an uncharged atom, the number of protons matches the number of electrons, so there are also 13 electrons. The mass number is written in the upper left corner and is equal to the number of protons and neutrons. Writing the equation and solving for the number of neutrons gives mass number: number of neutrons=number of protons+number of neutrons= mass #−number of protons=27−13=14. Therefore, 27/13Al has 13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons.

Write the atomic symbol (including the atomic number) for an isotope with 54 protons and 78 neutrons. Write the answer in the form XZA using the atomic symbol button in the toolbar, where A is the mass number, Z is the atomic number, and X is the chemical symbol for the unknown element.

132/54Xe. Explanation: An isotope with 54 protons and 78 neutrons has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 54+78=132. Look up the atomic number on the periodic table to find the elemental symbol, Xe. The atomic symbol is written with the atomic number on the lower left and the mass number on the upper left, so it is 132/54Xe.

Air pressure at sea level is equal to:

14.7 psi 760 torr 1 atmosphere 101,325 pascals

flexion/extension of the elbow is about _ to _ degrees

145-150 degrees

An object with a heat capacity of 345J∘C experiences a temperature change from 88.0∘C to 45.0∘C. How much heat is released in this process, in joules

14800

what are the values for SC joint retraction and protraction?

15 degrees for both

Write the atomic symbol (including the atomic number) for the isotope of neodymium with 90 neutrons. Write the answer in the form XZA using the atomic symbol button in the toolbar, where A is the mass number, Z is the atomic number, and X is the chemical symbol for the unknown element.

150/60 Nd. Explanation: Using the periodic table to find "neodymium," the symbol is Nd and the atomic number is 60, which is also the number of protons. An isotope with 60 protons and 90 neutrons has mass number of 60+90=150. The atomic symbol is written with the atomic number on the lower left and the mass number on the upper left, so it is 150/60Nd.

A 5.45g object with a specific heat of 2.82 Jg∘C experiences a temperature increase from 23.8∘C to 33.9∘C. How much heat was absorbed in joules?

155J

What is the molar mass of a 4.10 g sample of gas exerting 1.35 atm of pressure at 325 K in a 5.00 L container

16.2g/mol

A car's fuel efficiency is 39.0 miles per gallon. What is its fuel efficiency in kilometers per liter? (1.6094 km=1 mile)(1 gallon=3.79 L) Report your answer with three significant figures

16.6 km/l

Write the atomic symbol (including the atomic number) for an isotope with 64 protons and 96 neutrons.

160/64Gd. Explanation: An isotope with 64 protons and 96 neutrons has an atomic number of 64 and a mass number of 64+96=160. Look up the atomic number on the periodic table to find the elemental symbol, Gd. The atomic symbol is written with the atomic number on the lower left and the mass number on the upper left, so it is 160/64Gd.

What is the heat capacity of an object at 25.5∘C that absorbs 45 kJ of heat and is heated to 28.2∘C?

17

Which of the following represents the smallest pressure?

1Pa

Determine the electron configuration of the sulfur ion (S−2).

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 Sulfur has a configuration of 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4 which means it's 2 away from having a noble gas configuration (its charge is −2) so the ion's configuration is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6. Alternatively, this can be written as [Ne]3s23p6 or [Ar].

A molecule with square planar geometry but with six electron regions has ______ lone pairs.

2

What is the total number of electrons an atom of hydrogen can have in its valence shell?

2 Hydrogen has an outermost shell of n=1, which can only hold two electrons.

what forms the T2-T8 facets?

2 concave demifacets on inferior body of 1st vertebrae and on the superior body of the vertebrae below it

What is the difference in the number of electrons between the calcium ion and elemental calcium?

2 electrons. Explanation: Calcium ions are required for proper muscle and nerve function and are an important component of bones. A neutral calcium atom has 20 protons and 20 electrons. It loses 2 electrons to become a calcium ion and is symbolized as Ca2+.

What is the difference in the number of electrons between the magnesium ion and elemental magnesium?

2 electrons. Explanation: Magnesium ions are an important component of bone and required for nerve control. In a magnesium atom, there are 12 electrons, making the atom neutral. When an ion is formed, the magnesium atom loses 2 electrons. Therefore, the magnesium ion has 2 more protons than electrons. It is symbolized as Mg2+

A cube with a mass of 250.0 g has sides measuring 5.00 cm each. What is the density of this cube in grams per cubic centimeter?

2.00 grams per cubic cm (g/cm^3). Explanation: Density is a mass to volume ratio: density=massvolume. First, calculate the volume of the cube. volume=(5.00 cm)^3=125 cm^3 Next, substitute in the mass and volume and simplify. density=250.0 g/125 cm^3=2.00g/cm^3

Find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in 40/20Ca.

20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. Explanation: Start by using the atomic number from the symbol 40/20Ca to find the number of protons. The 20 in the lower left is the atomic number, which means it is also the number of protons. In an uncharged atom, the number of protons matches the number of electrons, so there are also 20 electrons. The mass number is written in the upper left corner and is equal to the number of protons and neutrons. Mass number=protons+neutrons (40-20=20). Number of neutrons=mass number-protons.

If the heat of combustion of magnesium is −601.6 kJmole, how many grams of magnesium must combust in order to release 5,000. kJ of energy?

202.0g

If a 13.9 g object has a specific heat of 1.31Jg∘C and it experiences a temperature increase from 55.0∘C to 67.5∘C, how much heat in joules did it absorb?

228

How much energy in kilojoules is needed to melt 60.0 g of ice starting at −35.0∘C

24.4kJ

Find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in 64/29Cu.

29 protons, 35 neutrons, and 29 electrons. Explanation: Start by using the atomic number from the symbol 64/29Cu to find the number of protons. The 29 in the lower left is the atomic number, which means it is also the number of protons. In an uncharged atom, the number of protons matches the number of electrons, so there are also 29 electrons. The mass number is written in the upper left corner and is equal to the number of protons and neutrons. Writing the equation and solving for the number of neutrons gives the mass number: number of neutrons=number of protons+number of neutrons=mass number−number of protons=64−29=35 Therefore, 64/29Cu has 29 protons, 35 neutrons, and 29 electrons.

Calculate the Caloric content present in 100g of brown bread. It contains 54g of carbohydrates, 11g of protein, and 3.3g of fat. Round your answer to the nearest 10.

290 Calories. Explanation: First calculate the Calories provided by individual macronutrients. 54 grams of carb×4 Cal/gram of carb= 216 Cal 11 grams of protein x 4 Cal/grams of protein= 44 Cal 3.3 grams of fat x 9Cal/gram of fat= 29.7 Cal Then add them together: 216+44+29.7=289.7 Cal. Round to the nearest 10 to give the final answer of 290 Cal.

How many bonds would nitrogen need to form to obtain an octet?

3

What is the coefficient for O2 in the balanced version of the following chemical equation: C2H4+O2→CO2+H2O

3

Hydrochloric acid dissolves solid aluminum hydroxide. What is the complete ionic equation of this reaction?

3 H++3 Cl−+Al(OH)3(s)→3 H2O(l)+Al3++3 Cl−

anterior fibers: abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation middle fibers: abduction post. fibers: abduction, extension, horizontal abduction, external rotation

3 deltoid fibers actions:

how many degrees of freedom for thoracic vertebrae?

3 flexion/extension/sidebening

What is the charge of a yttrium cation?

3+ Yttrium has three valence electrons, and it will typically lose all three to become the 3+ ion.

(Controversial) what should the upward scapular rotation be at rest?

3-5 degrees

How many significant figures are in the number 806?

3. Explanation: All three of the digits shown in 806 are significant figures. Non-zero digits are always significant, as are any 0's that are between non-zero digits.

The number 0.0801 has how many significant figures?

3. Explanation: Non-zeros are significant, as well as zeros in between non-zeros, but leading zeros are not significant.

How many molecules of HCl are required to react with 2.50 moles Zn? Zn+2HCl⟶ZnCl2+H2

3.01×10^24 molecules HCl

According to the given equation, how many moles of H2 are required to react with 3.2 moles Cl2? H2+Cl2⟶2HCl

3.2 moles H2

How many total atoms are present in 32.8 grams of Cu2S?

3.72×10^23 First, use the molar mass of Cu2S and Avogadro's number to determine the number of formula units. 32.8 g×1 molCu2S/159.16 g×6.022×1023 formula units/1 mol=1.24×10^23 formula units Note that we are asked for the total number of atoms, not the number of formula units. Cu2S is an ionic compound with 3 atoms in each formula unit. Therefore, multiply the number of formula units by 3 to find the total number of atoms in the sample. 1.24×10^23 formula units×3 atoms/formula unit of Cu2S=3.72×10^23

A sample of sulfur trioxide (SO3) weighs 5100 g. How many molecules are contained in this sample? Use 80.063gmol for the molar mass of SO3

3.8×10^25 molecules

What is the average mass in grams of one uranium atom (U)?

3.953 × 10^-22

Phase 1B elevation

30-90 degrees of scaption 60-90 for flexion Scapula is upwardly rotating ICR at root of the scapular spine to the SC Joint acromion elevation will elevate outer clavicle

How many electrons will be shown on the molecular orbital diagram for O2?

32 We must show the eight electrons for each oxygen atom in the atomic orbitals to the sides, as well as all sixteen electrons again in the molecular orbitals that are generated.

what is the internal rotation range from 90 degrees of abduction?

45-60

humerus internal rotation at 90 degrees of abduction?

45-60 degrees

Determine the number of neutrons in the isotope bromine-81.

46 neutrons. Explanation: The following equation can be used to determine the number of neutrons in an element. mass number=number of protons+number of neutrons. Rearranging and using the atomic number for the number of protons, we can solve for the number of neutrons: number of neutrons=mass number−number of protons. number of neutrons=81−35=46

In a Lewis structure involving iodine and fluorine, if the central iodine atom has exactly one lone pair, how many fluorine atoms must be present?

5 Iodine has 7 valence electrons, and since it is a fifth period element, it can exceed the octet rule when it binds to a more electronegative element like fluorine. Fluorine also has 7 valence electrons, but cannot exceed an octet because it is in the second period. Each fluorine atom can therefore only form a single bond to the central iodine atom, and each single bond between iodine and fluorine accounts for 1 of iodine's valence electrons. Since there is a lone pair (or non-bonding pair) of electrons on the iodine, that means precisely 2 of the 7 valence electrons are not shared with a fluorine atom, and the remaining 5 are each shared with 1 fluorine atom, so there must be 5 fuorine atoms surrounding central iodine atom.

Which is NOT a typical cation of chromium?

5+ Most transition metals will readily form 2+ and 3+ ions. The electron configuration for neutral chromium is 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5. Chromium is a d-block transition metal, and so the valence electrons are removed from the s subshell before they are removed from the d subshell. Therefore, Chromium would lose its one s electron first and a d electron to form Cr2+, which is only stable in the absence of air. Chromium can also lose its one s electron and two more d electrons to become Cr3+, which is the most stable oxidation state for chromium. Chromium can also lose all the remaining valence electrons to become Cr6+. Chromium is seen in this oxidation state in chromium(VI) sulfide Cr2S3.

there are ___ muscles involved in shoulder girdle movements and they originate on the ____ skeleton and insert on the ____ and/or ____

5, axial skeleton, scapula, clavicle. They do not attach to humerus and do not cause shoulder joint movements

There are 4 gleeks in a glook, 7 glooks in a gluck, and 5 glucks in a glack. How many gleeks are in 4 glacks?

560 gleeks

An object absorbs 1.70×104J of heat and as a result, its temperature is increases from 45.0∘C to 75.0∘C. What is its heat capacity of the object?

567

how many muscles move the wrist?

6

How many molecular orbitals will have an n value of 2?

8 The atomic orbitals with an n value of 2 are the 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals. When these four orbitals from one atom interact with four orbitals from another atom, they generate 8 molecular orbitals, half of which will be bonding and the other half of which will be antibonding.

The nutritional information for a 100g package of shredded, hard-boiled egg states that it has 14g of protein, 1g of carbohydrates, and 11g of fat. How many Calories would you expect to find in a single 50g egg?Round your answer to the nearest 10.

80 Calories. Explanation: First calculate the Calories provided by the individual macronutrients: 1g carb×4Cal/g carb=4Cal 14g protein×4Cal/g protein=56Cal 11g fat×9Cal/g fat=99Cal Add the energy of each component to find the total nutritional energy in the 100g serving. 4Cal+56Cal+99Cal=159Cal So there are about 159Cal per 100g of egg. Write this as a conversion factor and multiply by 50g egg to find the energy in a single egg. 50g egg×159Cl/100g egg=79.5Cal Finally, rounding to the nearest 10 gives 80Calories.

the biceps brachii is most effective between __ and __ degrees

80-100

A gas in a sealed container has an initial pressure of 125 kPa at 25.0∘C. If the pressure is increased to 150.0 kPa, what will the new temperature be?

84.6c

How many moles are in 2141 grams of magnesium?

88.09 moles

how many muscles are primary movers of the phalanges?

9

What is the maximum wavelength of photon that will eject a ground state electron from a hydrogen atom?

9.13×10^−8 m

without scapula movement, shoulder joint would be __ degrees during abduction and flexion

90

without scapula movement shoulder joint ROM would be..

90 degrees during abduction and flexion

what is the external rotation range from 90 degrees of abduction?

90-100

How much energy is needed to boil 40.0 g of water starting at 78∘C?

94.1 kJ

Which of the following gives the definition of colloid?

A colloid is a mixture in which relatively large particles are dispersed uniformly throughout a gas, liquid, or solid.

What is the density of 30 mL of an unknown liquid with a mass of 90 g? Select the correct answer below: A. 3 g/mL B. 0.3 g/mL C. 90 g/mL D. 60 g/mL

A. 3 g/mL. Explanation: Density is derived using the equation D=mass/volume. 90/30=3 grams.

The modern periodic table is organized into __________________. Select the correct answer below: A. 7 periods and 18 groups B. 18 periods and 7 groups C. 4 periods and 14 groups D. 14 periods and 14 groups

A. 7 periods and 18 groups. Explanation: The elements in the periodic table are arranged into 7 horizontal rows known as periods or series, and 18 vertical columns, called groups. Groups are labeled at the top of each column.

The most common isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 14. Identify the number of neutrons in this isotope. Select the correct answer below: A. 7 B. 7.01 C. 14.01 D. 14

A. 7. Explanation: The atomic number is 7, which represents the number of protons. The average atomic mass is 14.01, but individual isotopes can only have whole numbers of neutrons. The mass number, 14, is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons, so there are exactly 7 neutrons in each atom of the isotope.

Which of the following is the chemical symbol for carbon monoxide? The carbon monoxide compound contains one carbon and one oxygen atom. Select the correct answer below: A. CO B. co C. Co D. cO

A. CO. Explanation: Carbon monoxide is a compound, meaning it is made of more than one element. The chemical symbol for carbon monoxide is CO. co and cO are not valid chemical symbols. Co is the chemical symbol for the element cobalt.

Which of the following statements about chemistry is accurate? Select the correct answer below: A. Chemical reactions occur in everyday situations. B. Chemical reactions are only observable in a laboratory. C. Only chemists need an understanding of chemical processes. D. Chemistry can only be used to study the properties of atoms.

A. Chemical reactions occur in everyday situations. Explanation: Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties and interactions. Chemical reactions take place in our daily lives and are readily observable outside of the laboratory.

How does the chloride ion Cl− differ from elemental chlorine? Select the correct answer below: A. Chloride ion has 1 electron more than elemental chlorine. B. Chloride ion has 1 electron less than elemental chlorine. C. Chloride ion has 2 electrons more than elemental chlorine . D. Chloride ion has 2 electrons less than elemental chlorine.

A. Chloride ion has 1 electron more than elemental chlorine. Explanation: The chloride ion has a negative charge, so it cannot have LESS electrons than elemental chlorine.

Knowing that electronegativity increases going up and to the right on the periodic table, which molecule would you expect to have the strongest dipole-dipole interactions?Select the correct answer below: A. HCl B. HBr C. HI D. HAt

A. HCl. Explanation: The elements bound to H are all in the same group (column) on the periodic table. Among the choices, Cl is the element that is the highest in the group, therefore, HCl will have the strongest dipole out of these options, resulting in the strongest dipole-dipole interactions.

Which statement BEST explains why temperature is an intensive property? Select the correct answer below: A. It is a property that is independent of the amount of matter in a sample. B. It is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. C. It is a property that is only viewable when a substance is undergoing a chemical reaction. D. It is a property that is dependent on the chemical properties of the matter.

A. It is a property that is independent of the amount of matter in a sample. Explanation: Temperature is an intensive property because it is independent of the amount of matter for a given sample.

Which of the following statements about the scientific method is true? Select the correct answer below: A. It is a systematic approach to research. B. It begins with performing an experiment. C. A hypothesis is formed at the end of the the process. D. The process provides the basis for the formation of laws.

A. It is a systematic approach to research. Explanation: The scientific method begins with observation and curiosity and provides a systematic approach to experimentation and scientific research.

A pattern that has been established based on verified experimental data that describes an observation but does not provide an explanation as to the reason why said observation occurs is a _________. Select the correct answer below: A. law B. theory C. hypothesis D. none of the above

A. Law. Explanation: A law is a pattern that has been established based on verified experimental data. Laws provide a description of a particular observation, but does not go so far as to explain why the observation occurs. For example, the law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed but does not explain why this is the case.

The following statement is an example of a ______________. "The force of gravity between two objects is related to the mass of each object and their distance from each other." Select the correct answer below: A. Law B. Theory C. Hypothesis D. Observation

A. Law. Explanation: A law is a statement about an observed phenomenon and is often a mathematical relationship. The statement from the question describes part of the Law of Gravity.

Predict the likely ion formation and charge of rubidium. Select the correct answer below: A. Rb+ B. Rb2+ C. Rb− D. Rb2−

A. Rb+. Explanation: Rubidium is in group 1. Main-group elements on the far left of the periodic table tend to form cations with a charge equal to the group number. Therefore, rubidium will lose an electron to gain a noble gas configuration and become Rb+.

Which physical form of matter has definite shape and volume? Select the correct answer below: A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. none of the above

A. Solid. Explanation: Solids have definite volume and definite shape. Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape, and gases have no definite volume or shape.

A compound has a melting point of 545 degrees Celsius and dissolves well in water. Why? Select the correct answer below: A. The high melting point points toward an ionic compound, though the fact that it dissolves is irrelevant. B. The high melting point points toward a covalent compound, though the fact that it dissolves is irrelevant. C. The high melting point points toward an ionic compound, and the fact that it dissolves is supports that. D. The high melting point points toward a covalent compound, and the fact that it dissolves is supports that.

A. The high melting point points toward an ionic compound, though the fact that it dissolves is irrelevant.

What is a cation? Select all that apply: A. an atom that has lost electrons B. an atom that has gained electrons C. an atom with a neutral charge D. an atom with a negative charge

A. an atom that has lost electrons.

Which of the following can only consist of only one kind of atom? Select the correct answer below: A. an element B. a pure substance C. a compound D. a mixture

A. an element. Explanation: Elements consist of only one kind of atom. Compounds and mixtures consist of more than one type of atom. A pure substance is either an element or a compound, so it could consist of one type of atom, but it does not have to.

When adding numbers, the sum will have: Select the correct answer below: A. as many decimal places as the number with fewest decimal places. B. as many decimal places as the number with the most decimal places. C. as many significant figures as the number with fewest significant figures D. as many significant figures as the number with the most significant figures

A. as many decimal places as the number with fewest decimal places. Explanation: The rules state that for addition and subtraction we round to the same number of decimal places as the value with the fewest number of decimal places. This is how we adequately propagate the uncertainty of the most uncertain value through the operation.

Which of the following is NOT a physical property? Select the correct answer below: A. combustibility B. conductivity C. malleability D. elasticity

A. combustibility. Explanation: Combustibility is the measure of how readily something will burn in the presence of oxygen, which is a chemical reaction. Therefore combustibility is a chemical property.

Which of the following is NOT weaker than a hydrogen bond? Select the correct answer below: A. covalent bond B. dipole-dipole attraction C. dispersion force D. none of the above

A. covalent bond. Explanation: Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular forces, not bonds, so they are much weaker than covalent bonds, but much stronger than other dipole-dipole attractions and dispersion forces.

Compounds consisting of atoms that share electrons with one another instead of gaining or losing electrons are called __________. Select all that apply: A. covalent compounds B. ionic compounds C. molecular compounds D. polyatomic compounds

A. covalent compounds and C. molecular compounds. Explanation: When atoms share electrons with one another instead of losing or gaining electrons they form a covalent bond. A covalent bond is when one electron from each atom feels the pull of the other atom's nucleus. The compound that results is called a covalent or molecular compound.

What subatomic particle is characterized by a negative charge? Select the correct answer below: A. electron B. neutron C. proton D. positron

A. electron. Explanation: Electrons are found outside of the nucleus and are characterized by a negative charge. The nucleus contains the majority of an atom's mass because protons and neutrons are much heavier than electrons, whereas electrons occupy almost all of an atom's volume.

If object A and object B have the same density, but object A has greater mass, then object A must have: Select the correct answer below: A. greater volume B. smaller volume C. the same volume D. can't be determined

A. greater volume. Explanation: If these objects have the same density, that means they have the same ratio of mass to volume, so a greater mass must also mean a greater volume.

Which of the following is a property of an ionic compound? Select the correct answer below: A. high melting point B. soft C. malleable D. liquid at room temperature

A. high melting point. Explanation: Most ionic compounds are solids that typically melt at high temperatures and boil at even higher temperatures. None of the other options apply.

Where are neutrons located? Select the correct answer below: A. inside the nucleus B. outside the nucleus C. underneath the nucleus D. none of the above

A. inside the nucleus. Explanation: The neutrally charged neutrons are located inside the nucleus. Positively charged protons are also found inside the nucleus which is surrounded by a much larger volume of space containing negatively charged electrons.

Covalent bonds are most commonly formed between: Select the correct answer below: A. nonmetals B. metals C. a metal and a nonmetal D. a metal and a metalloid

A. nonmetals. Explanation: Bonds between nonmetals are almost always covalent in nature.

When a pure substance undergoes a change from a solid state to a gaseous state, this is an example of a(n): Select the correct answer below: A. physical change B. chemical change C. electrical change D. reactive change

A. physical change. Explanation: When a pure substance undergoes a change from a solid state to a gaseous state, this is an example of a physical change. This is because the chemical formula that describes a pure substance does not change during a change of state.

NaCl has the chemical name of __________. Select the correct answer below: A. sodium chloride B. sodium chlorine C. sodide chlorine D. sodide chloride

A. sodium chloride.

Which phase exhibits the strongest intermolecular forces? Select the correct answer below: A. solids B. liquids C. gases D. these will all exhibit the same degree of interaction

A. solids. Explanation: In a solid, particles are in constant contact and fixed positions that will maximize intermolecular forces.

Left lateral rotation of the hip is associated with ___ of left hip and ___ of right hip and ___ at lumbar spine

Abduction of left hip and adduction of right hip lateral flexion right at lumbar spine (what hip movement?)

Pressure is inversely proportional to which of the following, assuming all other variables are constant?

Area

When chlorine becomes an ion, it has the same electron configuration as:

Argon (Ar) Argon is the element immediately to the right of chlorine. Chlorine will attain the same electron configuration as argon by gaining one electron.

Which element does not follow the octet rule when forming a molecular compound?

B Unlike most elements with only three valence electrons, boron can form molecular compounds with some non-metals rather than only forming ionic compounds with nonmetals or alloys with metals. Because it only has three valence electrons, it can only form three single bonds by sharing its valence electrons, and does not accept another pair of electrons to satisfy the octet rule because it has a low electronegativity.

The prefix pico (p) means: Select the correct answer below: A. 10^6 B. 10^−12 C. 10^−3 D. 10^3

B. 10^−12. Explanation: A picometer is one trillionth of a meter, because pico means 10−12. The prefix for 106 is mega (M), the prefix for 10−3 is milli (m), and the prefix for 103 is kilo (k).

Place the following steps of the scientific method in the correct order. 1. Hypothesis becomes theory. 2. Curiosity leads to observations. 3. Experiment is performed and results are consistent with prediction. 4. Hypothesis is created. 5. Additional testing is conducted and it supports hypothesis. A. 5, 4, 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1 C. 3, 5, 2, 1, 4 D. 4, 2, 3, 5, 1

B. 2, 4, 3, 5, 1. Explanation: all scientific investigations start with a simple curiosity based on observations. After that initial step, scientists create a hypothesis and conduct an experiment to test their hypothesis. If much additional testing is done that supports the hypothesis, then it becomes a theory.

If we wish to convert a value in years into days, a conversion factor we could use would be: Select the correct answer below: A. 1 year/365 days B. 365 days/1 year C. 1 year/24 hours D. 24 hours/1 year

B. 365 days/1 year. Explanation: The top and the bottom must be equal to each other, so 365 days and 1 year, as those represent the same length of time. In addition, days must be on top and years on the bottom so that we can appropriately cancel out the existing unit.

Convert 0.006734 into scientific notation. Select the correct answer below: A. 6.734×10 B. 6.734×10−3 C. 6.734×103 D. 6734×10−3

B. 6.734×10−3. Explanation: Scientific notation is used to express very large and very small numbers as a product of two numbers. The first number of the product is usually a number not less than 1 and not greater than 10. The second number of the product, the exponential term, is written as 10 with an exponent. This means that for 0.006734 the first number (coefficient) will be 6.734 and the exponent will be 10−3.

0.738×0.28 is 0.20664 but is rounded to 0.21. Which rule or rules are applied to this calculation? Select all that apply: A. Round the result to the same number of decimal places as the value with the least number of decimal places. B. Round the result to the same number of significant figures as the value with the least number of significant figures. C. Round down if the digit to be dropped is less than 5. D. Round up if the digit to be dropped is 5 or greater.

B. B. Round the result to the same number of significant figures as the value with the least number of significant figures, and D. D. Round up if the digit to be dropped is 5 or greater. Explanation: For multiplication and division, we round the result to the same number of significant figures as the value with the least number of significant figures. In this calculation, this means rounding to two significant figures by dropping all of the digits after and including the 6 in the thousandths place and rounding up to 0.21.

Digestion is a complex biological process which involves several chemical reactions. Which statement below related to digestion is an example of a chemical process in digestion? Select the correct answer below: A. a major part of digestion takes place in the small intestine. B. During the process of digestion, lots of enzymes help to break down food particles into usable nutrients. C. Undigested food leaves the body as feces. D. The first step in digestion is physically breaking food into tiny pieces.

B. During the process of digestion, lots of enzymes help to break down food particles into usable nutrients. Explanation: Thousands of chemical reactions take place during digestion. Enzymes are chemicals that are used to break down food particles into their nutrients to be used by the body. The other statements relate more to the physical process of breaking down food and are better related to anatomy and physiology.

Why is the term "chemical-free" when used to market cleaning products misleading? Select the correct answer below: A. Only synthetically made cleaners are available to purchase. B. Even naturally occurring substances are chemicals. C. "Chemical-free" cleaners would not be effective. D. All cleaners are made in laboratories and contain chemicals.

B. Even naturally occurring substances are chemicals. Explanation: The term "chemical-free" is misleading because all substances are made up of chemicals. Even natural-based cleaners like vinegar or baking soda are chemical compounds. The term is used only to sell products and plays on the misconception that chemicals are toxic.

Which of the following elements will NOT form a covalent bond between one another? Select the correct answer below: A. C and O B. Mg and O C. N and H D. O and H

B. Mg and O. Explanation: Magnesium will very readily ionize, which means it will form an ionic compound with oxygen rather than a covalent one.

Which would you expect there to be more of, types of elements or compounds? Select the correct answer below: A. More elements -- there are more than 100 known elements. B. More compounds -- compounds are made by combining elements, so there are more possible combinations. C. There are the same number of elements and compounds. D. It is impossible to tell, because nobody knows how many compounds there are.

B. More compounds -- compounds are made by combining elements, so there are more possible combinations. Explanation: There are only a little over a hundred elements, but these come together to form an unlimited number of possible compounds. It is true that nobody even knows how many compounds are present on the Earth, but that is partly because there are so many.

Which of the following is a correct method for determining the number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus? Select the correct answer below: A. The mass number is equal to the number of neutrons. B. Subtract the atomic number from the mass number. C. Add the atomic number and the mass number. D. Determine the number of protons; the number of neutrons is always equal to the number of protons in an atomic nucleus.

B. Subtract the atomic number from the mass number. Explanation: Since the number of neutrons plus the number of protons is equal to the mass number in an atomic nucleus, subtract the atomic number (which is the same as the number of protons) from the mass number to obtain the number of neutrons. Mass number−atomic number=number of neutrons.

Why is chemistry helpful for understanding why tea smells good? Select the correct answer below: A. The tea leaves are organic, while the water is not. Chemistry is the study of the interaction of organic materials with inorganic materials. B. The smell is a result of the release of compounds from the leaves. The process is described by multiple interactions between the water and the compounds in the leaves, which is an example of chemistry. C. Chemistry is the study of the interaction of matter with air. Since the smell is transported through air, chemistry is involved. D. Chemistry is the study of the interaction of matter with water. Since the leaves are immersed in water, chemistry is involved.

B. The smell is a result of the release of compounds from the leaves. The process is described by multiple interactions between the water and the compounds in the leaves, which is an example of chemistry. Explanation: Chemistry is the study of the properties, composition, and interactions of matter. The release of the smell from the leaves involves multiple interactions between the compounds in the leaves and the water. This is an example of a process that can be described using chemistry.

Explain when trailing zeros should be considered significant. Select the correct answer below: A. When the number has no decimal point. B. When the number includes a decimal point. C. Trailing zeros are always significant. D. Trailing zeros are never significant.

B. When the number includes a decimal point. Explanation: If the number has a decimal point, then all trailing zeros are significant. For example 3200., 320.0 and 0.03200 are all numbers that have two non-zero digits and two significant trailing zeros, for a total of four significant digits. If there is no decimal point, as in 3200, then the trailing zeros are considered either ambiguous or not significant (opinions vary), but never considered to be significant.

Which of the following substances will float when placed in pure water, which has a density of 1.00 g/mL? Select the correct answer below: A. aluminum with a density of 2.70 g/mL B. ethanol with a density of 0.81 g/mL C. milk with a density of 1.03 g/mL D. steel with a density of 7.80 g/mL

B. ethanol with a density of 0.81 g/mL. Explanation: Anything that has a density less than that of pure water will float on the surface of water. Ethanol is the only listed substance with the a density less than 1.00 g/mL.

Temperature is a measure of _______________. Select the correct answer below: A. light energy B. heat energy C. degrees D. warmth

B. heat energy. Explanation: Temperature is a measure of heat energy. Degrees (Celsius, Fahrenheit) are the units we use to measure temperature. Temperature is not a measure of light energy, and warmth is not the best answer.

Oil and water collected together in a container is an example of a: Select the correct answer below: A. homogeneous mixture B. heterogeneous mixture C. pure substance D. compound

B. heterogeneous mixture. Explanation: Oil and water are separate compounds and are not chemically bonded together. Therefore, together, they are not a pure substance or compound. In addition, oil and water will not mix evenly, so this is an example of a heterogenous mixture.

Orange juice with pulp is an example of a: Select the correct answer below: A. homogeneous mixture B. heterogeneous mixture C. pure substance D. compound

B. heterogeneous mixture. Explanation: This is not distributed evenly, as the pulp will clump together rather than completely spread out.

If ice floats on liquid water, then the density of ice is: Select the correct answer below: A. greater than that of liquid water B. less than that of liquid water C. the same as liquid water D. can't be determined

B. less than that of liquid water. Explanation: In order for ice to float, its density must be less than that of liquid water, so that it displaces more water than an amount equivalent to the mass of the ice.

The ion Na+ has a 1+ charge. This means this element has __________. Select the correct answer below: A. gained an electron B. lost an electron C. gained a proton D. lost a proton

B. lost an electron. Explanation: The ion Na+ occurs when neutral Na loses an electron. This is what gives it a 1+ charge. When an element loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion, and when it gains an electron, it become a negative ion.

Which of the following statements about bromine (Br) are true? Select all that apply: A. Bromine needs to gain 1 electron to achieve noble gas electron configuration. B. Bromine is a halogen. C. If bromine gains 18 electrons, it will have the same configuration as krypton. D. If bromine gains 1 electron, it will have the same electron configuration as argon.

Both A. Bromine needs to gain 1 electron to achieve noble gas electron configuration, and B. Bromine is a halogen. Explanation: Bromine is a halogen, so it needs to gain 1 electron to achieve noble gas electron configuration. If bromine gains 1 electron, it will have the same electron configuration as krypton, not argon.

Which of the following can be explained by the kinetic molecular theory? Select all that apply.

Boyle's Law Dalton's Law Amonton's Law Charles's Law

Of the following, which are not colloids

Brass Saltwater Vinegar

Hybridization

Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

Which type of group will NOT generate hydrogen bonds? F-H O-H N-H C-H

C-H Only when hydrogen is bonded to one of the three most electronegative elements, fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, will hydrogen bonding occur.

What is the atomic symbol for an atom with 38 protons, 48, neutrons and 38 electrons? Select the correct answer below: A. 48/38Rn B. 86/48Rn C. 86/38Sr D. 48/38Sr

C. 86/38Sr. Explanation: The atomic number is the number of protons, or 38. By referring to the periodic table, we can find the symbol for the element, Sr. Find the mass number by adding the number of protons to the number of neutrons: mass number= protons+neutrons (38+48=86). Write the atomic symbol by writing the element symbol first and then writing the atomic number in the lower left and the mass number in the upper left. Therefore, the symbol is 86/38Sr.

Which is the atomic mass of Strontium? Select the correct answer below: A. 38 amu B. 44.956 amu C. 87.62 amu D. 21 amu

C. 87.62 amu. Explanation: Strontium has an atomic mass of 87.62 amu. This value can be found at the bottom of the element block.

Which of the following gives all of the information necessary to determine the number of subatomic particles? Select the correct answer below: A. mass number B. atomic number C. atomic symbol D. element name

C. Atomic symbol. Explanation: The atomic symbol includes the elemental symbol, the atomic number and the mass number. The latter two are the number of protons and the sum of the number of protons and neutrons, so it is possible to find the number of neutrons by subtracting atomic number from mass number.

Explain why chemistry is sometimes called "The Central Science". Select the correct answer below: A. Chemistry is typically studied in the central years (tenth and eleventh grade) of a high school education. B. Chemistry is the most important discipline in science. C. Chemistry is highly interconnected with so many other scientific disciplines. D. Other fields of science only connect to each other through chemistry.

C. Chemistry is highly interconnected with so many other scientific disciplines. Explanation: Chemistry is sometimes referred to as “the central science†due to its interconnectedness with a vast array of other STEM disciplines (STEM stands for areas of study in the science, technology, engineering, and math fields). Chemistry and the language of chemists play vital roles in biology, medicine, materials science, forensics, environmental science, and many other fields.

The temperature scale we use most frequently in chemistry is: Select the correct answer below: A. Fahrenheit B. Celsius C. Kelvin D. none of the above

C. Kelvin. Explanation: The Kelvin scale is used most often because it is an absolute temperature scale. Celsius is also used, while Fahrenheit is rarely used in the field of chemistry.

What symbol would be used for a measurement in mega liters? Select the correct answer below: A. mL B. ml C. ML D. Ml

C. ML. Explanation: The abbreviation for the prefix "mega" is "M." The abbreviation for "milli" is "m." Liter is abbreviated with a "L."

Which of the following is a molecular compound? Select the correct answer below: A. TiBr3 B. Cu3P C. N2O4 D. NH4Cl

C. N2O4. Explanation: The other choices are ionic compounds.

Object A has a density of 2.0 g cm3 and a mass of 100 g. Object B a density of 0.8 g cm3 and a mass of 240 g. Object C a density of 5.0 g cm3 and a mass of 100 g. Which of the objects above (A, B, or C) has the smallest volume? A. Object A B. Object B C. Object C D. all of the objects have the same volume

C. Object C. Explanation: volume=mass/density For A: 100 g/2.0 g/cm^3=50 cm^3. For B: 240 g/0.8 g/cm3=300 cm^3. And for C: 100 g/5.0 g/cm^3=20 cm^3. Object C would have the smallest volume.

Predict the likely ion formation and charge of phosphorous. Select the correct answer below: A. P− B. P2− C. P3− D. P4−

C. P3−. Explanation: Phosphorous is in group 15 which is three groups left of the noble gases. Elements in group 15 will have a tendency to gain three electrons in order to achieve a noble gas configuration giving them a charge of 3−.

Why is it important to use a standard system of measurement across all science disciplines? Select the correct answer below: A. Science has unique measurements that need to be taken. B. Conversion factors are easily used between science disciplines. C. So that scientists around the world can easily compare experimental results. D. Science uses the oldest measurements to ensure accuracy.

C. So that scientists around the world can easily compare experimental results. Explanation: Scientists use an international system of measurement and units so that they can easily compare their results and there is consistency.

Why is chemistry helpful in understanding how a toaster creates the brown color and crispy texture of toast? Select the correct answer below: A. The properties of the bread molecules are changing in the toaster. B. The toaster uses electricity. C. The composition and/or properties of the surface of the toast are somehow changed by the toaster. D. The process takes place in the atmosphere.

C. The composition and/or properties of the surface of the toast are somehow changed by the toaster. Explanation: Chemistry is the study of the composition, properties, and interaction of matter. The properties of the bread are changed by the toaster, so chemistry should be able to help determine why.

Jordan measures a cube and finds that each side (length, width, height) of the cube is 3.0cm. She then uses a scale and finds the mass of the block is 243g. What is the density of the block? Of what substance is the block made? A. The density is about 1.0g/cm^3, and the block is oak (wood). B. The density is about 10.0g/cm^3, and the block is silver. C. The density is 9.0g/cm^3, and the block is copper. D. The density is about 9.0g/cm^3, and the block is iron.

C. The density is 9.0g/cm^3, and the block is copper. Explanation: To calculate density you must use the equation density=massvolume. We know each side of the cube is 3.0cm, but that is not our volume. To get our volume, we must multiply the length, width and height of the cube. That means we must use the equation: volume=3.0cm×3.0cm×3.0cm=27 cm3. We can then use our values for volume and mass to calculate density. density=243 g27 cm3=9.0 g/cm^3. We then find this value on our chart and see that it matches the density of copper. Therefore, our cube is made of copper.

Which of the following best describes how the periodic table is organized? Select the correct answer below: A. The periodic table is organized by increasing number of electrons. B. The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic weights and similar properties. C. The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number and similar properties. D. The periodic table is organized in alphabetical order.

C. The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number and similar properties. Explanation: The periodic table arranges the elements in increasing order of their atomic numbers and groups atoms with similar properties in the same vertical column. The rows represent collections of elements that have the same valence shell. This means the outermost electrons in all the elements in a given period all have roughly the same energy.

In general, covalent bonding can occur between which of the following? Select the correct answer below: A. An ion and a neutral atom B. Two ions of opposite charge C. Two neutral atoms D. Any combination above

C. Two neutral atoms. Explanation: Covalent bonding occurs between two neutral atoms; the electrons are shared between the two atoms so that each can fill its octet. Ions are not typically involved in covalent bonding.

Chicken noodle soup is an example of Select the correct answer below: A. a homogenous mixture. B. a pure substances. C. a heterogenous mixture. D. a compound.

C. a heterogenous mixture. Explanation: Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniformly mixed on an atomic or molecular level. Chicken noodle soup is not uniformly mixed, as it contains many ingredients that come together to form it (for example: broth, chicken, noodles, carrots, celery, etc.) Since each component is identifiable on its own, chicken noodle soup is considered a heterogenous mixture.

Intermolecular forces are all some kind of____. Select the correct answer below: A. gravitational attraction B. nuclear repulsion C. electrostatic attraction D. Kinetic energy

C. electrostatic attraction. Explanation: Intermolecular forces are the various forces of attraction that may exist between the atoms and molecules of a substance due to electrostatic phenomena. This involves involves an electron excess interacting with an electron deficiency. The attraction caused by IMFs serve to hold particles close together, whereas the particles' kinetic energy provides the energy required to overcome the attractive forces and thus increase the distance between particles.

When water becomes ice, it undergoes a physical change based on its: Select the correct answer below: A. reactivity B. basicity C. freezing point D. flammability

C. freezing point. Explanation: The process of transforming liquid water into ice refers to freezing. The freezing point of a substance is a physical property.

The vertical columns of the periodic table are known as: Select the correct answer below: A. rows B. columns C. groups D. periods

C. groups. Explanation: Groups are labeled at the top of each column. In the United States, the labels were traditionally Roman numerals with capital letters. All columns, apart from the transition metals, are numbered from IA to VIIA. The transition metals (in the middle of the periodic table) are numbered from IB to VIIIB. However, IUPAC recommends that the numbers 1 through 18 be used, and these labels are more common.

For a given atom, which of the following is typically the largest in value? Select the correct answer below: A. atomic number B. number of protons C. mass number D. all of the above are typically equal

C. mass number. Explanation: The mass number is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. This is typically larger than the atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons. The only exception would be hydrogen, which will typically have an atomic number and mass number both equal to one.

What does density measure? Select the correct answer below: A. mass per weight B. weight per mass C. mass per volume D. volume per mass

C. mass per volume. Explanation: Density is the measure of mass per unit volume or how much 'stuff' occupies a certain amount of space.

SiO2 is called __________. Select the correct answer below: A. silicon oxide. B. silicon monoxide. C. silicon dioxide. D. silicon trioxide.

C. silicon dioxide. Explanation: Two oxygen atoms will require the prefix "di." Since oxygen is the second element, you have to add the suffix "ide."

Which of the following is NOT a physical property of a bronze coin? Select the correct answer below: A. that it is shiny B. that it is hard and durable C. that it will slowly change color over many years D. that it sinks in water

C. that it will slowly change color over many years. Explanation: The slow color change is due to chemistry that the material participates in over time, and is therefore not a physical property like the other options.

Dispersion forces are specifically the interaction between_____. Select the correct answer below: A. two formal dipoles B. an instantaneous dipole and a permanent dipole C. two temporary dipoles D. none of the above

C. two temporary dipoles. Explanation: It is these temporary dipoles, whether instantaneous or induced, that comprise the dispersion forces.

When computing using dimensional analysis: Select the correct answer below: A. all unit conversions must be done separately B. all unit conversions must be done in a singular calculation C. unit conversions can be done either simultaneously or separately D. unit conversions are not a part of dimensional analysis

C. unit conversions can be done either simultaneously or separately. Explanation: We can perform unit conversions one at a time or many at a time, just be sure to keep in mind that this could create a discrepancy in the number of significant figures in your result, depending on when you decide to round your value.

The empirical formula of a compound is CH2O and its molecular weight is 90.09 g/mol. Determine the molecular formula.

C3H6O3

If the empirical formula for a compound is C3H8, which of the following are possible molecular formulas?

C3H8 and C6H16 If the empirical formula for a compound is C3H8 then the molecular formula can be a compound with multiples of these numbers of atoms. C3H8 and C6H16 are possible molecular formulas.

A compound consists of 37.51 g C, 4.20 g H, and 58.29 g O. What is the empirical formula?

C6H8O7

Citric acid contains 37.51% C, 4.20% H, and 58.29% O by mass. What is the empirical formula of this compound?

C6H8O7

Identify the substance that does not show dipole-dipole interactions between molecules water, HCl, CCl4

CCl4 A stronger intermolecular force result when molecules have permanent dipoles. Polar molecules have a partially positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side--a separation of change called a dipole. This attractive force is called a dipole dipole attraction-- the electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another. Dipole-dipole attractions in polar molecules are stronger than the dispersion

What is the hybridization of the C atom in CF4 ?

CF4 has a tetrahedral structure and carbon in it has a hybridization of sp3. 7

Which molecule will NOT participate in hydrogen bonding? H2O CH3OH CH3OCH3 CH3CH2OH

CH3OCH3

Consider the structural formulas for methanol, CH3OH, and ethane, C2H6. Which has a higher melting point and which statement substantiates the answer? CH3OH because it has a hydrogen directly bonded to an oxygen. C2H6 because it has hydrogen directly bonded to oxygen. CH3OH because it has a hydrogen directly bonded to a methyl group. C2H6 because all of its hydrogens are directly bonded to carbon.

CH3OH because it has a hydrogen directly bonded to an oxygen. Methanol has a molecular weight of 32 grams per mole and a melting point of −97.8∘C. Ethane has a molecular weight of 30 grams per mole and a melting point of −172∘C. The hydroxyl group on methanol has hydrogen directly bonded to oxygen, so it can hydrogen bond, while ethane cannot. The hydrogen bonding is responsible for its higher melting point.

What is the formula for cobalt (II) sulfide?

CoS The formula for cobalt (II) sulfide is CoS because sulfide's charge is S2−.

Lewis structures are limited because they do not display the __________.

Correct bond angles In the molecule

Where is the specific articulation of the costotransverse joints?

Costal tubercle of the rib with the costal facet on the Transverse Process

The moon is 384,400 km from earth. Select the value that corresponds to this distance expressed in scientific notation. Select the correct answer below: A. 384,400 km B. 3844×100 km C. 384.400×103 km D. 3.844×105 km

D. 3.844×105 km. Explanation: The magnitude of this number is greater than 1, so the exponent will be positive. Move the decimal point to the left until the number has a single digit in the ones place. In this case, the decimal point is moved 5 places to the left.

What is the formula of the ionic compound, aluminum sulfide? Select the correct answer below: A. Al2S B. AlS C. Al3S2 D. Al2S3

D. Al2S3. Explanation: Because the ionic compound must be electrically neutral, it must have the same number of positive and negative charges. Two aluminum ions, each with a charge of 3+, would give us six positive charges, and 3 sulfide ions with a charge of 2−, would give us six negative charges. Therefore, the formula is two aluminum ions to three sulfide ions: Al2S3.

Which of the following does not describe matter? A. Matter takes up space. B. Matter can exist in different phases. C. Matter has mass due to its atoms. D. Mass is composed of only one type of atom.

D. Mass is composed of only one type of atom. Explanation: Matter is a physical substance that has both mass and volume and can exist in different phases, such as solid, liquid, or gas. It is not a requirement that matter be composed of only one type of atom, though it can be (like a pure element).

Manganese(V) oxide is formed from Mn5+ cations and O2− anions. What will be its chemical formula? Select the correct answer below: A. 3Mn2O5 B. MnO3 C. 2MnO5 D. Mn2O5

D. Mn2O5. Explanation: An ionic compound must be electrically neutral, so it must have the same number of positive and negative charges. Two manganese cations, each with a charge of 5+, would give us ten positive charges, while five oxygen anions, each with a charge of 2−, would give us ten negative charges. Therefore, the formula would be Mn2O5.

What is the chemical formula for the polyatomic ion permanganate? Select the correct answer below: A. ClO−4 B. NO−3 C. PO3−4 D. MnO−4

D. MnO−4. Explanation: The chemical formula for permanganate is MnO−4. ClO−4 is the formula for perchlorate. NO−3 is the formula for nitrate. PO3−4 is the formula for phosphate.

Which is NOT a property of the alkaline earth metals? Select the correct answer below: A. React with oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. B. They are shiny. C. Conduct electricity. D. They are gases.

D. They are gases. Explanation: The alkaline earth metals, in group 2 are solid metals.

Why do metals and nonmetals usually form ionic compounds, whereas two bonded nonmetals are never ionic? Select the correct answer below: A. Nonmetals can share and transfer electrons. B. Metals can share and transfer electrons. C. Two metals would share electrons which would make a covalent, not an ionic bond. D. Two nonmetals would share electrons which would make a covalent, not an ionic bond.

D. Two nonmetals would share electrons which would make a covalent, not an ionic bond. Explanation: Metal transfer electrons while nonmetals either share electrons with other nonmetals or "receive" electrons from metals. Therefore, electron sharing between 2 nonmetals would always be covalent, not ionic.

Which group does magnesium belong to? Select the correct answer below: A. noble gases B. halogens C. alkali metals D. alkaline earth metals

D. alkaline earth metals

The prefixes kilo, mega, and giga can be applied to: Select the correct answer below: A. meters B. seconds C. grams D. all of the above

D. all of the above. Explanation: All the prefixes that can be applied to one unit can be applied to any other unit. This is why the metric system is such a powerful way of communicating scientific data.

Which is a sign that a chemical change occurred? Select the correct answer below: A. an increase or decrease in temperature due to the mixing of two substances B. a new color during a reaction C. gas bubbles D. all of the above

D. all of the above. Explanation: An increase or decrease in temperature, a new color, and gas bubbles are all signs that a chemical change has occurred.

The symbol Fe could refer to which of the following? Select the best answer below. A. an iron atom B. The element known as "iron." C. a macroscopic sample of iron D. all of the above

D. all of the above. Explanation: Fe means "iron" and it can be used to represent an individual iron atom in a molecular formula, or a ratio of iron atoms to other elements or compounds in a reaction, or just to represent the element itself without reference to any specific sample of iron.

Which of the following units can be used for time? Select the correct answer below: A. hours B. years C. days D. all of the above

D. all of the above. Explanation: Hours, years, and days can all be used to report measurements of time.

Which of the following is a characteristic of molecular compounds? Select the correct answer below: A. They have low melting points. B. They have low boiling points. C. Many are gases. D. all of the above

D. all of the above. Explanation: Molecular compounds are typically low-melting solids (like the common phosphorus tetramer, P4), low-boiling liquids (like molecular bromine, Br2), or gases (like carbon dioxide, CO2).

What is the correct name of the following polyatomic ion: CaSO4? Select the correct answer below: A. calcium sulfide B. calcium sulfur C. calcium ion sulfide D. calcium sulfate

D. calcium sulfate. Explanation: Step 1: Identify the cation: Result of this step = Ca^2+ is calcium. Step 2: Identify the anion: Result of this step = SO2^−4 is sulfate. The resulting name of this compound is calcium sulfate.

What is the name of the molecular compound P2O5? Select the correct answer below: A. phosphorus oxide B. diphosphorus oxide C. phosphorus pentoxide D. diphosphorus pentoxide

D. diphosphorus pentoxide. Explanation: The first symbol, P, represents phosphorus. The subscript, 2, indicates that there are two phosphorus atoms present. Because of this, we use the prefix di-, resulting in the first part of the compound name: diphosphorus. The second element in the formula, O, represents oxygen. We use the root ox- plus the suffix -ide, giving us oxide. However, note the subscript 5, which indicates 5 atoms. This means we must add the prefix for 5, penta-, to the name, resulting in pentoxide. Because there are consecutive vowels present, the "a" from penta- is dropped. The name of this compound is diphosphous pentoxide.

Which of the following is the correct name for F−? Select the correct answer below: A. fluorion B. fluorine ion C. fluorine D. fluoride

D. fluoride. Explanation: Simple anions are named by replacing the end of the element name with -ide.

In dimensional analysis, what is a conversion factor? Select the correct answer below: A. accepted values for physical quantities B. theoretical quantities of matter C. experimental values for given quantities of matter D. ratios of physical quantities used to compare desired units

D. ratios of physical quantities used to compare desired units. Explanation: Conversion units are ratios of physical quantities used to compare between two desired units. They are not experimental or theoretical.

Volume is the: Select the correct answer below: A. basic unit for measuring distance B. amount of matter in an object C. force per unit area D. space occupied by any sample of matter

D. space occupied by any sample of matter. Explanation: Volume is the space that is occupied by any sample of matter. The meter is the SI unit for measuring distance or length, mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, and pressure is the force per unit area.

Dalton

Dalton's formulated the postulates of what is now described as atomic theory: that matter is made of atoms, which are the smallest possible particle of a particular element.

nonpolar molecules

Electrically balanced molecules. Look for symmetry if there is an element around it it isnt polar. N2, O2, Cl2, F2, H2, He, Ne, Ar, Xe, Ch4, C2H6, Ch2=Ch2

Which of the following substances produce ions when dissolved in water?

Electrolytes

According to the Bohr model:

Electrons only emit or absorb a photon if they move to a different orbit within the atom.

What is the chemical symbol that is commonly used to represent a "proton" in the context of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases?

H+

normal values for Horizontal abduction and adduction?

H. Abduction - 120-140 H. Adduction - 40-60

Which molecule will have a double bond?

H2CO In H2CO, carbon and oxygen form a double bond in order to satisfy the octet rule. In CO, carbon and oxygen must form a triple bond to satisfy the octet rule. In OF2 and CCl4, there are only single bonds.

Use the figure provided to determine which of the following has bonds with the greatest bond-polarity.

H2O Calculating the difference between the electronegativities for each element of each molecules, we find that H and O have the greatest difference, so H2O has bonds with the greatest polarity.

Which of the following will have the highest boiling point? Select the correct answer below: CH2O CH3F H2O2 they have the same boiling point

H2O2 Compounds with stronger intermolecular forces will have higher boiling points (ion-ion > hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole > london dispersion). All three compounds are polar, but only hydrogen peroxide has O bonded directly to H so it exhibits hydrogen bonding. This means hydrogen peroxide will have the highest boiling point.

Which of these is NOT a binary acid?

H2SO4 A binary acid may consist only of hydrogen and one other element. H2SO4 has hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, so it can't be considered binary.

Which of the following does NOT exhibit hydrogen bonding? H2O HBr HF H3N

HBr Hydrogen bonding occurs between H-F, H-O, and H-N groups.

Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side—a separation of charge called a dipole. Which of the following molecules has this kind of a dipole? CH4 CO2 C6H6 HCl

HCl A stronger intermolecular force results when molecules have permanent dipoles. Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side—a separation of charge called a dipole. Consider a polar molecule such as hydrogen chloride, HCl. In the HCl molecule, the more electronegative Cl atom bears the partial negative charge, whereas the less electronegative H atom bears the partial positive charge. An attractive force between HCl molecules results from the attraction between the positive end of one HCl molecule and the negative end of another. This attractive force is called a dipole-dipole attraction—the electrostatic force between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another. Intermolecular attractions in polar molecules are stronger than the those between nonpolar molecules of similar mass, which only consist dispersion forces.

A chef places a cold glass of water into a hot pan. Which of the following is true about the heat flow between these two bodies?

Heat will flow from the pan to the water, making the water warmer and the pan colder until they are both the same temperature.

Which of the following statements about hybridization are true?

Hybrid orbitals within the same atom have the same energy and shape. Hybrid orbitals are described mathematically as a linear combination of atomic orbitals. An atom can have both hybridized and unhybridized orbitals at the same time.

Arrange the halogens Br2, I2, F2, and Cl2 in the order of decreasing boiling point.

I2 > Br2 > Cl2 > F2

MOVE

IF A MUSCLE DOES NOT CROSS THE JOINT THEN IT CANNOT ________ THE JOINT (or bone)

Choose the best explanation below for why dimensional analysis is also sometimes referred to as the factor label approach.

It is sometimes called the factor label approach because units are treated as a factor (along with a numeric factor) in a quantity like 25g, allowing us to subject the unit to algebraic operations as if they were variables.

What is the chemical symbol for the element potassium?

K. This can be found in group 1 of the periodic table.

In which temperature scale is the boiling point of water represented by the largest number?

Kelvin

When doing calculations with temperature using Amontons's law, the correct scale to use will be:

Kelvin

When doing calculations with temperature using Charles's law, the correct scale to use will be:

Kelvin

According to VSEPR Theory, electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form ________.

Lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons

What is the most common diagnosis for winging scapula?

Long thoracic nerve palsy

humerus scapula --humerus

Look at _______for shoulder JOINT action - when ______stops moving = _____ stops moving

ARE NOT - scapula and clavicle - flex/ext abd/add

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER INSERTION _______________ ON THE HUMERUS - this means that the shoulder cannot act on the humerus - it can only act on the ____ and ____ ONLY - the shoulder girdle cannot ___/___/__/___ the shoulder

Who is credited with thinking of the electron "waves" as complex probability amplitudes?

Max Born

Magnesium phosphate has the formula __________.

Mg3(PO4)2 Mg2+ and (PO4)3− will combine in a 3:2 ratio in order to keep the overall compound electrically neutral.

Enter the formula for magnesium nitride.

Mg3N2. Explanation: Step 1: Identify the symbol of the first element and its charge. Result of this step: Mg2+. Step 2: Identify the symbol of the second element and its charge. Result of this step: N3−. Step 3: Use the minimum number of cations and anions needed to make the sum of all charges in the formula equal to 0. Result of this step: Mg has a 2+ charge, and N has a 3− charge. To balance these charges, we need three equivalents of Mg2+ and two equivalents of N−. Thus, three Mg2+ ions and two N3− ions are required. The resulting formula of this compound is Mg3N2.

Name a positive ion that is an important component of bone in the human body. Give the chemical formula with the charge.

Mg^2+ or Ca^2+. Explanation: Both magnesium and calcium ions are important positive ions in the structure of bone. They both have a charge of +2 because they are in Group 2 of the periodic table. The carbonate and phosphate ions are also important in bone structure, but they are negative ions.

Hip is most commonly dislocated what direction?

Most dislocated posterior direction (what joint)

When drawing the Lewis structure for a molecule, after drawing the skeletal structure and distributing all of the electrons around the the terminal atoms, what actions should be taken if the central atom does not have a complete octet?

Move lone pairs of electrons on the outer atom(s) to form double or triple bonds to the central atom.

If a compound's formula mass was experimentally determined to be 71, the chemical formula could be: BF3 NF3 CF4 OF2

NF3 N=14 F3=57 57+14=71

Which of the following will NOT exhibit hydrogen bonding to the N atom? NH3 (CH3)2NH NH+4 CH3NH2

NH+4 The ammonium ion does not have any lone pairs available on the nitrogen to form hydrogen bonds.

Ammonium hydroxide has the formula __________.

NH4OH. Explanation: Step 1: Identify the symbol of the cation: Result of this step = NH+4. Step 2: Identify the formula of the anion: Result of this step = OH−. Step 3: Use the minimum number of cations and anions needed to make the sum of all charges in the formula equal to zero: Result of this step = Ammonium has a 1+ charge and hydroxide has a 1− charge, which equate to zero. Putting these ions together gives the formula NH4OH, which is named ammonium hydroxide.

Which of the following statements about nonmetal anions are true?

Nonmetals tend to form anions by gaining electrons to form a noble gas configuration. Anions of nonmetals tend to be isoelectronic with a noble gas. Most monatomic anions form when a neutral nonmetal atom gains enough electrons to completely fill its outer s and p orbitals (valence orbitals), thereby reaching the electron configuration of the next noble gas. Anions that have the same number of electrons as the next noble gas makes the anion isoelectronic with the noble gas.

If there are multiple resonance structures of a molecule with a formal negative charge that can end up on different atoms, placing the negative formal charge on which of the following elements generally gives the most stable resonance structure?

O, The negative charge is most stabilized when it is on the most electronegative atom. Of the above options, that would be oxygen.

O: spinous process of 7th cervical and upper 3 thoracic vertebrae I: medial border of the acromion process and superior border of the scapular spine

O/I middle trap

What is the zone of weakness?

Outlined in red area of decreased trabecular system in spongy bone can lead to compression fracture thoracic spine most susceptible can increase with age

what types of individuals are more susceptible to a pars fracture?

Overweight and fit individuals

The shape of a molecule may determine its?

Properties and uses

2Li+S→Li2S is a redox reaction. Identify which of the following is the oxidizing agent and its change in oxidation number.

S is the oxidizing agent, oxidation change from 0 to 2−

Jacob finds that a compound has a molar mass of 128 g/mol and an empirical formula of SO2. What is the molecular formula of this compound?

S2O4

stability of the shoulder comes from the ___________ ____________ to the __________ _________

SC joint to the AC joint

Which molecule has a molecular structure that differs from its electron-pair geometry?

SF4 This is the only molecule with any lone pairs on the central atom, which will cause the molecular structure to differ from the electron-pair geometry.

Sulfur hexafluoride has the formula

SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride is SF6 because the name indicates 1 sulfur atom and 6 fluorine atoms.

Which pair of molecules has the same electron-pair geometry?

SF6 and XeF4

Sulfur hexafluoride has the formula ______________.

SF^6. Explanation: The name indicates 1 sulfur atom and the prefix "hexa-" indicates 6 fluorine atoms.

All of the following are ionic compounds except:

SO2 is a covalent compound.

What element has an atomic number of 50? Report your answer as an element symbol.

Sn (tin). Explanation: Tin has an atomic number of 50 and an atomic mass of approximately 119 amu.

Rule of three's for T4-T6

Spinous processes are 1/2 level inferior to their Transverse processes Example the T4 SP is 1/2 between the TP of T4 and T5

Given the compound name copper(II) chlorate, what is the formula of the compound? (Hint: Use the periodic table above to help you if you don't know all of the symbols by heart.)

Step 1: Determine the symbol of the cation using the first word in the compound name.Result of this step = In this case, the first word in the compound name is copper. Its symbol is Cu. Step 2: Identify the Roman numeral associated with the cation. This will tell you the charge on the cation.Result of this step = In this case, the Roman numeral associated with the copper cation is (II), signifying a charge of +2. Step 3: Identify the anion and its charge using the second word in the compound name.Result of this step = In this case, the polyatomic anion ion is chlorate. Its formula is ClO3¯. Step 4: Balance the formula so that the charge equals 0.Result of this step = Cu has a charge of +2 and ClO3 has a charge of -1. This means that for every one Cu ion, we must have two ClO3 ions. The resulting formula for this compound is Cu(ClO3)2.

The image below represents a molecule that takes up a three-dimensional space. Use this image to answer the question that follows. What does the net dipole moment of PF5 look like?

The dipole moment is 0 There is a vector for each F pointing from P to F. This molecule has high symmetry so the vectors all cancel out, leaving the dipole moment as 0.

According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum mechanics differs from classical mechanics in that:

The measurement of an observable quantity in the quantum domain inherently changes the value of that quantity.

Which of the following statements about deciding between resonance structures with formal charges is correct?

The molecular structure where all formal charges are zero is preferred.

What happens to the potential energy between two hydrogen atoms as they approach each other to form a covalent bond?

The potential energy decreases as the hydrogen atoms approach each other, but will increase if they get too close. Potential energy decreases as two hydrogen atoms approach each other to form a covalent bond. However, if the atoms get too close their positively charged nuclei begin to repel each other, which increases the potential energy between the atoms. Thus we define bond length as the distance at which the lowest potential energy is achieved. This an illustration of the Goldilocks principle: the distance between atoms must be just right.

Which of the following is true of covalent bonds?

They have lower melting points than ionic bonds. They have lower boiling points than ionic bonds. They do not conduct electricity or heat well. Covalent compounds generally have much lower melting and boiling points than ionic compounds because the attraction between molecules (which are electrically neutral) is weaker than that between electrically charged ions. Therefore, they do not conduct electricity or heat well.

A 1g sample of copper and a 50g sample of copper are both heated. Which item has the higher specific heat (c)?

They have the same specific heat capacities

Thoracic vertebral bodies diameter makeup?

Thoracic vertebral bodies have equal transverse and anterior - posterior diameters

Given the deviations at lower temperatures and higher pressures, when might we still use the ideal gas laws?

To describe gases at atmospheric pressure and room temperature Atmospheric pressure is considered a low pressure, and room temperature (about 25∘C) is a moderate temperature. Under these conditions gases will still largely approximate ideal gas behavior, so the ideal gas laws will remain useful.

What is the electron pair geometry of O₃?

Trigonal planar

True or false: According to the Heisenberg principle, the exact position and momentum of a particle cannot be determined simultaneously.

True

In general, covalent bonding can occur between which of the following?

Two neutral atoms Covalent bonding occurs between two neutral atoms; the electrons are shared between the two atoms so that each can fill its octet.

In general, covalent bonding can occur between which of the following?

Two neutral atoms Covalent bonding occurs between two neutral atoms; the electrons are shared between the two atoms so that each can fill its octet.

Repetitive throwing actions such as those done by pitchers can impact the integrity of the?

Ulnar collateral ligament (What pitching action affects the UCL?)

What force couple creates phase 1B movement?

Upper trap and lower serratus

Which of the following will favor the spontaneous formation of a solution?

a decrease in the internal energy of the system an increase in the disorder in the system

If something is a compound, it is also

a pure substance; Pure substances are either elements or compounds. A compound is a pure substance composed of more than one element.

At a sufficiently low temperature, a liquid does not have enough kinetic energy to overcome intermolecular attractions, and changes into:

a solid

In a neutralization reaction, which of the following can occur?

a strong acid and strong base react to form water.

During vaporization

a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

At the end of the 19th century, light was viewed as being:

a wave

Which of the following would have the higher boiling point? Select the correct answer below: a. CH3CHO b. F2 C. they have the same boiling point D. there is not enough information to determine this

a. CH3CHO. Explanation: Compounds with stronger intermolecular forces will have higher boiling points (ion ion > hydrogen bonding > dipole dipole > london dispersion). F2 is nonpolar and only has dispersion forces. CH3CHO is polar and has dipole-dipole attractions so it will have the higher boiling point.

pronation of the forearm

actions of the pronator quadratus

Wrist muscles that cross the elbow will?

also have a function on the elbow joint (what muscles?)

Of the following, which will always result from the spontaneous formation of a solution?

an increase in the disorder of a system and its surroundings

the agonists in glenohumeral flexion are

anterior delt, upper pec, coracobrachialis

flexion and pronation

anterior muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joint are primarily...

pectoralis major upper fibers and lower fibers subscapularis coracobrachialis

anterior muscles of the glenohumeral joint

the center of gravity falls____________ to the thoracic spine creating a ____________ moment

anterior, flexion

What is scapular elevation/depression coupled with?

anterior/posterior tilting

What are the Acromioclavicular joint motions?

anterior/posterior tipping medial/lateral rotation small amount of upward/downward rotation

Medial rotation of the scapula directs the glenoid fossa.........

anteriorly/medially opposite for lateral rotation

What types of particles can participate in dispersion forces?

any particles

Scientific theories

are well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanations of particular aspects of nature. Theories are accepted because they provide satisfactory explanations as to why an observation occurs, but they can be modified if new data become available.

electron pair geometry

arrangement around a central atom of all regions of electron density (bonds, lone pairs, or unpaired electrons)

scapulothoracic joint

articulation between the anterior scapula and the thoracic wall movement includes elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward and downward rotation

How did Schrodinger visualize electrons?

as three-dimensional wavefunctions

What happens in the joint with humerus external rotation to free up subacromial space?

as we ER the greater tubercle will move out from under the acromion and open up space

Any antibonding orbital will be symbolized with a:

asterisk The asterisk is read as "star", and it implies an antibonding orbital.

Above the critical temperature, a gas will liquefy:

at no pressure value

T12 Spinous process in relation to its Transverse Process

at the same level

The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element is called a(n):

atom

the smallest particle of a substance that still retains the chemical properties of that substance

atom molecule

The atomic masses on the periodic table are listed in:

atomic mass units

In a molecular orbital diagram, which of the following is listed down the right and left-hand sides of the diagram?

atomic orbitals In molecular orbital diagrams, the atomic orbitals are listed down the right and left, and the molecular orbitals are listed down the center. The entire diagram is arranged vertically from lowest to highest energy.

Dalton's atomic theory states that in chemical reactions, _________ are combined, separated, or rearranged.

atoms

Intermolecular forces occur between particles in a substance. These particles can be:

atoms separate molecules

According to Dalton, compounds consist of different types of __________ in specific whole number ___________.

atoms;ratio

the clavicle attaches joint to ___, but NOT part of the joint

axial

Which of the following molecules will NOT participate in dipole-dipole interactions? Select the correct answer below: a. HBr b. CCl4 c. HCl d. NH3

b. CCl4. Explanation: Only molecules with an overall net dipole will be able to participate in dipole-dipole interactions. Therefore, of the choices given only CCl4 is a nonpolar molecule with no net dipole. Even though it does have polar bonds, the dipoles point in opposite directions and cancel each other out making it a nonpolar molecule that exhibits only London dispersion forces.

Which of the following would have the higher boiling point? Select the correct answer below: a. CO2 b. CH3Cl C. they have the same boiling point D. there is not enough information to determine this

b. CH3Cl. Explanation: Compounds with stronger intermolecular forces will have higher boiling points (ion ion > hydrogen bonding > dipole dipole > london dispersion). CO2 is nonpolar and only has dispersion forces. CH3Cl is polar and has dipole-dipole attractions so it will have the higher boiling point.

In a resonance structure for NO−3, nitrogen has single bonds to two of the oxygens and a double bond to one of the oxygens. In a resonance hybrid structure, what will the nature of the bonds be?

between one or two bonds

where is the specific articulation of the plane synovial joint for the costovertebral joint?

between the head of the rib and the 2 demifacets of the thoracic vertberae

Intermolecular forces are ________________ molecules and are ________________ than intramolecular forces.

between, weaker

O: supraglenoid tubercle above the superior lip of glenoid fossa I: tuberosity of the radius and bicipital aponeurosis

biceps brachii long head O/I

O: coracoid process of scapula and upper lip of glenoid fossa in conjunction with the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis I: tuberosity of the radius and bicipital aponeurosis

biceps brachii short head O/I

What is determined by the distance at which the lowest potential energy is achieved and the distance at which positive charges have the least repulsion?

bond length The bond length is determined by the distance at which the lowest potential energy is achieved and the distance at which positive charges have the least repulsion. When a covalent bond forms, each electron interacts with each nucleus, which brings the system to a lower energy. The ideal bond length is determined by the lowest energy that can be attained as the atoms approach each other.

The electrons involved in VSEPR theory will be core electrons.

bonding electrons and lone pairs. These are the electrons in the valence shell, which are the ones that will generate the repulsion responsible for the geometry of the molecule.

When filling molecular orbitals, which orbital would we fill first?

bonding orbital We fill molecular orbitals by the Aufbau principle, filling lower-energy orbitals first. Bonding orbitals have lower energy than antibonding orbitals, so we will fill them first.

Which of the following conditions is/are true when a transition between states is observed in the order of solid→liquid→gas? increase in kinetic energy decrease in intermolecular forces both a and b neither a nor b

both a and b The differences in the properties of a solid, liquid, or gas reflect the strengths of the attractive forces between the atoms, molecules, or ions that make up each phase. The phase in which a substance exists depends on the relative extents of its intermolecular forces (IMFs) and the kinetic energies (KE) of its molecules. As a substance goes from solid to liquid to gas, the kinetic energy of the particles increases and intermolecular forces experienced by the particles decrease.

According to VSEPR theory, electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form __________.

both lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons

1. flexion of the elbow 2. pronation from supination to neutral 3. supination from pronation to neutral

brachioradialis actions

Based on the rules for naming oxyacids, what is the correct name for H2CO3?

carbonic acid We omit the word "hydrogen" and start with the root name of the anion. Then we replace "ate" with "ic" and add the word acid to get carbonic acid.

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

carpal bones names

_____ results from repetitive stress to tissue and accounts for 64% of work injuries. Caused by a pinched nerve

carpal tunnel

A Lewis symbol with no dots must be a:

cation

A Lewis symbol with no dots must be a:

cation Lewis symbols show the valence electrons, so if a Lewis symbol has no dots, the atom must have lost its valence electrons and will therefore be a positively charged cation.

Atoms that have a positive charge are known as __________.

cations

nucleus pulposus

center of the intervertebral disc, high fluid content, relatively low collagen content

A thermochemical equation is a balanced chemical equation that also lists the:

change in enthalpy

Which of the following correctly pairs the polyatomic ion with its formula?

chlorate, ClO−3

Which type of anion will typically result in an insoluble compound?

chromate

Which of the following is considered a colloid?

cloud fog smoke

Droplets are spherical because of:

cohesive forces

According to the kinetic molecular theory, where does the pressure exerted by a gas in a container come from?

collisions between the gas molecules and the container walls

When water is placed in a glass tube, the meniscus will be:

concave

the radiocarpal is a ___ joint

condyloid

what ligaments stabilize the AC joint

conoid, trapezoid, and AC ligaments

anterior tilt (upward tilt)

consequential rotational movement of the scapula about the frontal axis occurring during hyperextension of the glenohumeral joint resulting in the the superior border moving anteroinferiorly and the inferior angle moving posteriosuperiorly - top forward and bottom back

Active restraint

contractile tissues that stabilize a joint **contraction

there is a lot of variation but in general, what are the arthrokinematic shapes of the acromion and clavicle?

convex lateral clavicle with a concave acromion

What is the physiological purpose of sweat?

cooling down your body as the sweat evaporates

the coracobrachialis originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

coracoid process, humeral shaft

Molecular electron configurations will often omit:

core electrons Because the valence electrons are the ones of interest, we will often omit core electrons, which are the ones that do not have the highest principle quantum number of any electron in the molecule.

Which of the following is a step in predicting electron pair geometry and molecular structure using VSEPR theory?

count the number of regions of electron density around the central atom write the Lewis structure of the molecule use the number of lone pairs to determine the molecular structure identify the electron-pair geometry based on the number of regions of electron density

Which of the following is a step in predicting electron pair geometry and molecular structure using VSEPR theory? Select all that apply.

count the number of regions of electron density around the central atom write the Lewis structure of the molecule use the number of lone pairs to determine the molecular structure identify the electron-pair geometry based on the number of regions of electron density VSEPR theory can be used to determine both the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure. First, we write the Lewis structure of the molecule, and then count the number of electron dense regions around the central atom. Single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, and lone pairs each count as one electron dense region. After determining the electron dense regions, the electron pair geometry can be determined based on the number of regions. Finally, we can use the number of lone pairs to determine the molecular structure by focusing on minimizing repulsions.

At the critical temperature, a gas will only liquefy at:

critical pressure

The symbol "d" is used with SI base units. What is the name of the prefix and quantity indicated by the symbol "d"?

deci- 10^−1

As we rise in elevation, the atmospheric pressure will:

decrease

Intermolecular forces (IMF) _________________ when temperature increases.

decrease

To increase the solubility of gases in liquids, we:

decrease temperature and increase partial pressure of the gas

As n increases, the distance between the energy levels:

decreases

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume increases as the pressure:

decreases

When an object's temperature _______, it contracts

decreases

In comparing diethyl ether and water, which will have the greatest vapor pressure? Remember, diethyl ether is more volatile than water.

diethyl ether at 75∘C

N2O5 is called

dinitrogen pentoxide. The name of the more metallic element (the one farther to the left and/or bottom of the periodic table) is first, followed by the name of the more nonmetallic element (the one farther to the right and/or top) with its ending changed to the suffix -ide. The numbers of atoms of each element are designated by the Greek prefixes shown below.

Hydrogen bonding is technically a type of:

dipole-dipole attraction Hydrogen bonds are exceptionally strong dipole-dipole interactions.

Which type of orbital overlap results in the strongest covalent bond?

direct overlap Direct overlap maximizes the volume shared by the orbitals and thus maximizes bond strength.

What is the relationship between dipole moment and the distance between the charges?

directly proportional, The further away the partial charges are, the longer the vector will be that represents the resulting dipole, and a longer dipole means a stronger dipole.

Pressure is _______________ related to force and __________________ related to area.

directly, inversely

the annular ligament in the elbow prevents ___

dislocation

In a model that precedes the Bronsted-Lowry model, a base is defined as something that

dissociates in water to yield hydroxide ions

Often times ionic equations can also be called:

double displacement reactions

Which of the following is very reactive and can readily combine with molecules containing atoms with lone pairs?

electron-deficient molecules Electron-deficient molecules that do not have filled valence shells can readily combine with molecules containing atoms with lone pairs.

The ________ describes the location of electrons and the ________ describes the location of atoms.

electron-pair geometry, molecular structure

VSEPR theory considers which of the following?

electron-pair repulsions VSEPR theory considers electron-pair repulsions in that it predicts molecular structure based on electron pairs minimizing their repulsions from each other in order to achieve the most stable structure.

Hydrogen bonds are formed between hydrogen and: nonpolar molecules cations electronegative atoms all of the above

electronegative atoms

Different ions of a given element will have differing numbers of __________.

electrons Ions and neutral atoms of the same element differ by having different numbers of electrons.

A mixture can be made up of two or more

elements compounds pure substances

what arthrokinematic motion will be created with inhalation at rib 1 and then at T1

elevation with posterior superior motion T1: posterior and inferior

Scapular upward and downward rotation is coupled with clavicular _____________ & ________________

elevation, depression

actions of the trapezius are...

elevation, depression, upward rotation, and depression

actions of the levator scapulae are...

elevation, retraction, downward rotation

Cephalad translation is also called......

elevation, think cephalic is moving towards head

upper trap, middle trap, rhomboids, levator scapulae

elevation:

A cold pack utilizes what kind of reaction to cool your skin?

endothermic

When covalent bonds break:

energy is absorbed Energy must be added to break covalent bonds (endothermic), whereas forming covalent bonds releases energy (exothermic).

When an electron moves from a lower, more stable orbit to a higher-energy orbit:

energy is absorbed in the form of a photon

If a molecule with trigonal bipyramidal geometry has one lone pair on the central atom, that lone pair will occupy what position?

equatorial The equatorial position is preferred because of the 120∘ bond angles, minimizing the repulsion felt by the lone pair, which repels more than a single bond does.

Why does upper thoracic vertebrae have decreased flexion and extension?

facets lie in a frontal plane, 60 degrees from horizontal

what are ribs 8-10?

false ribs, costal cartilage above will attach to sternum

An alternative name for iron(II) chloride is:

ferrous chloride The word ferrous implies the Fe2+ ion.

movements of the humeroulnar joint are ___ and ___

flexion/extension

movements of the radiohumeral joint are ___, ___, and ___

flexion/extension/rotation

The muscles on the front of the upper arm and forearm are?

flexors and pronators (what muscle location)

what are ribs 11 and 12?

floating ribs, no attachment to sternum at all

What is the 2:1 relationship of glenohumeral elevation?

for every 2 degrees the humerus moves up the scapula will move up 1

scapular muscles move shoulder girdle so that the..

glenoid fossa is in optimal position

the carpometacarpal is a ___ joint

gliding

the intercarpal and midcarpal are ___ joints

gliding

All digit joints are what kind of joints?

gliding joints (what joints?)

the radiohumeral is a ___ joint, is composed of the ___ and ___, and is involved in ___, ___, and ___ motions

gliding, capitulum and radius, flexion, extension and rotation

Particles in a hot object, when compared to a colder object, have:

greater kinetic energy

Which of the following groups contain elements that, when used as the central atom of a molecular compound, form electron deficient molecules.

groups 2 and 13 Central atoms from groups 2 and 13 have 2 and 3 valence electrons and form single bonds in molecular compounds, so they end up with fewer than 8 electrons.

_____ results from gripping handle bars too tightly by putting pressure on ulnar nerve

handlebar pulsy

The ideal gas law does not describe gas behavior well at:

high pressures

the rotator cuff provides dynamic support and attaches to the..

humeral head

Water freezes at 0∘C and CO freezes at −250∘C. Which type of intermolecular force accounts for this difference in freezing point between the two compounds?

hydrogen bonding

Which of the following intermolecular force, when present in a substance, will typically result in the lowest vapor pressure?

hydrogen bonding

Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force?

hydrogen bonding

Which type of intermolecular force is strongest in HF ? hydrogen bonding dipole-dipole interactions dispersion forces ionic bonding

hydrogen bonding

Which of the following is a strong type of dipole-dipole attraction that involves molecules with F-H, O-H, or N-H? hydrogen bonding dipole-dipole bonding dispersion force all of the above

hydrogen bonding Molecules with F-H,O-H, or N-H have highly concentrated partial charges that allow for a very strong dipole-dipole attraction to develop known as hydrogen bonding.

When described as an acid, the correct name of H2S is:

hydrosulfuric acid 1. The word "hydrogen" is changed to the prefix hydro- 2. The other nonmetallic element name is modified by adding the suffix -ic 3. The word "acid" is added as a second word.

Assuming the temperature and the amount of gas are held constant, a plot of volume vs. pressure will give a:

hyperbola

herniated discs are caused from ___ with lateral bending

hyperflexion

On a diagram showing the potential energy of two hydrogen atoms according to their internuclear distance, the lowest point will correspond to the:

ideal bond length The lowest energy will be the ideal bond length. This length is the distance between the nuclei that maximizes the electrostatic attraction between the two electrons and the two nuclei but minimizes the proton-proton repulsion.

In order to increase the volume of a sample of gas, one can:

increase the temperature, keeping pressure constant increase the number of moles present, keeping temperature and pressure constant reduce the pressure, keeping temperature constant

What motions have a greater range in upper thoracic vertebrae?

increased rotation and Side bending (Because upper are more like cervical)

Surface tension will increase with:

increasing intermolecular forces

Dispersion forces increase with:

increasing molecular mass

The solubility of a gas will increase with:

increasing partial pressure of the gas

The kinetic energies of molecules are responsible for:

increasing the distance between particles.

Scapulothoracic motions do not occur.........

independently, there is always a mix of the 5 motions, scapula(train) must stay attached to the thoracic wall(Track)

in the solid state of matter

individual particles are too tightly packed to translate, but may still vibrate.

The noble gases are also called the

inert gases

Upward rotation supports.......

inferior stability, creates a shelf for the humeral head to sit

the infraspinatus originates at the ___ and inserts at the___

infraspinous fossa, head of humerus

inflammation is the response to ___

injury

which of the following describes the gaseous state of matter?

it expands to fill its container particles are far away from one another, and experience little attraction

If boron only has three valence electrons, it is an exception to the octet rule because

it is an electron-deficient molecule Boron only has three valence electrons, so it can only form three covalent bonds.

scapula

it is unusual to have movement of the humerus without ________ movement

What is the SI unit of heat, work, and energy

joule

What is the Lewis symbol for Be2+?

just Be no dots

Which of the following will increase the solubility of carbon dioxide in seltzer water?

keeping the seltzer in a refrigerator

Which of the following quantum numbers describes an electron in an atom? Select all that apply.

l n ml ms

Which of the following labels are used for quantum numbers to describe the state of an electron inside an atom? Select all that apply.

l, ms

O: post. crest of ilium, back of sacrum, and spinous processes of lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae I: medial side of intertubercular groove of humerus, just anterior to the insertion of the teres major

lat. dorsi O/I

Origin of many wrist extensor

lateral epicondyle ( origin of what?)

the extensor carpi radialis longus originates at the __ and inserts at the __

lateral epicondyle of humerus 2nd metacarpal

the extensor carpi ulnaris originates at the __ and inserts at the __

lateral epicondyle of humerus fifth metacarpal

retraction of the scapula is coupled with?

lateral rotation

extension, adduction, internal rotation, horizontal abduction

latissimus dorsi actions:

the agonists in glenohumeral internal rotation are

lats, t major, pec major, subscapularis

Leading zeros are only significant if they are:

leading zeros are never significant

What is used to describe valence electron configurations of atoms and monatomic ions?

lewis symbols

glenohumeral capsule

ligaments that surround the humerus & keeps it in the glenoid cavity what you injure with shoulder dislocations provides stability to the joint

J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron relied on the observation that

like charges repel and unlike charges attract

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle imposes:

limits on what can be known in science

In clouds, fogs, mists, and sprays, ______________ is the dispersed phase and ______________ is the dispersion medium.

liquid, gas

Which of the following correctly pairs the ion name with the ion symbol?

lithium cation, Li+

disc function

load reduction force transmission motion guiding (in the lumbar vertebrae)

What axis does the clavicle rotate about with SC joint posterior and anterior rotation?

longitudinal axis

Under which set of conditions will the ideal gas law give the best approximation for the properties of a real gas?

low pressure and high temperature

the humeral head faces where at neutral

medially superiorly and posteriorly

Elements in group 2 are

metals

What kinds of substances typically form crystalline solids?

metals ionic compounds small neutral molecules

Which of the following is considered a colloid?

milk

The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that ___________ repulsions by __________ the distance.

minimizes, maximizing

A _________ is defined as the amount of substance containing the same number of discrete particles as the number of atoms in a 12.00-gram sample of pure carbon-12.

mole

In a molecular orbital diagram, which of the following is listed down the center of the diagram?

molecular orbitals In molecular orbital diagrams, the atomic orbitals are listed down the right and left, and the molecular orbitals are listed down the center. The entire diagram is arranged vertically from lowest to highest energy.

Electron-deficient molecules will react with:

molecules with lone pairs An electron-deficient molecule will react with electron excess, namely a lone pair from some other molecule, like ammonia.

The combined gas law, P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2, is derived from the ideal gas law and does NOT include:

moles

When naming binary covalent compounds, the element listed first will be the one that is

more metallic. The atom farther to the left on the periodic table, which will be the one with more metallic character, will be listed first.

More surface are equates to.....

more muscle attachment

What is the result of having a greater surface area for humeral head articulation with ER?

more stability at the glenohumeral joint

Shoulder planes of motion

mostly sagittal

Rib kinematics of ribs 1-6?

motion occurs around an axis that is almost in the frontal plane, so an M-L axis

wrist flexion, wrist extension, wrist abduction, wrist adduction, flexion of fingers and thumb, opposition, extension of fingers/thumb/resposition, adduciton of metacarpophelangeal joints and thumb, abduciton of metacarpophelangeal joints and thumb

movements of the wrist include: (8)

Which of the following is the best example of a suspension?

mud

When assessing atoms with more than one proton, we must:

multiply the Rydberg constant by the nuclear charge

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Pollicis Longus • (weak : Extensor Indicis, Extensor Digiti Minimi)

muscles that extend the wrist:

Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus

muscles that flex the wrist:

metacarpophalangeal joint proximal interphalangeal joint distal interphalangeal joint carpometacarpal joint (thumb)

name all digit joints

range of motion for cervical vertebrae

non-sagittal 3d no pure rotation or flexion

Electrons that inhabit different orbitals must have a different value for the:

none of above They could have the same principle quantum number if they are in different orbitals with the same shell, they could have the same angular momentum quantum number if they are in different orbitals of the same type of subshell, and they could have the same spin value, as every full orbital will have one electron spin up and one spin down.

We can always determine the precise structural formula from the:

none of above We will not necessarily be able to determine the structural formula, even given all of the above data.

Which of the following will exhibit hydrogen bonding? Br2, F2, I2, none of the above

none of the above Molecules with F-H,O-H, or N-H have partial charges that allow for a very strong dipole-dipole attraction to develop known as hydrogen bonding. None of these molecules are capable of hydrogen bonding because they do not contain F-H,N-H, or O-H bonds.

The sum of formal charges of all atoms in an ion should always be:

none of the above The sum of the formal charges in an ion should equal the charge of that specific ion.

Covalent bonds are most commonly formed between:

nonmetals Bonds between nonmetals are almost always covalent in nature.

What is the electron pair geometry of IF₅?

octahedral

What is the electron pair geometry of IF5?

octahedral IF5 has six electron domains with one of those domains resulting from a nonbonding pair. The electron pair geometry is octahedral (6), and the molecular structure is square pyramidal because the lone pair occupies an equatorial position to minimize lone pair repulsions.

On the resonance hybrid for NO−2, in between the nitrogen atom and each oxygen atom there is:

one covalent bond and one partial bond

Which sample of gas would have exert the greatest pressure?

one mole of CO2 at 330K

Resonance Form

one of a number of valid Lewis structures for a particular molecule

microtraumatic injuries are often called ___ and result from repetitive loading or ___ ___. This results in ___,____,___

overuse injuries, incorrect mechanics tendinitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis

Compounds that contain hydrogen, oxygen, at least one other element, and have acidic properties are known as:

oxyacids

O: ant. surface of costal cartilage of 1st 6 ribs and adjoining portion of sternum I: intertubercular groove of humerus

pec. major lower fibers O/I

internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension, adduction

pec. major lower fibers actions:

O: medial half of anterior surface of clavicle I: intertubercular groove of humerus

pec. major upper fibers O/I

internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion, abduction

pec. major upper fibers actions:

The percentage by mass of a compound by each of its elements is known as its:

percent composition

In general, the type and magnitude of intermolecular forces that are present in a substance will determine that substance's:

physical properties

In general, the type of magnitude of intermolecular forces that are present in a substance will determine that substances:

physical properties

an injury to the medial epicondylitis

pitchers elbow or golfers elbow

the distal radiounar is a ___ joint

pivot

The proximal radioulnar joint is a ___ joint?

pivot joint (the ___ radioulnar joint)

The model for the atom that was understood when Bohr made his contributions was called the:

planetary model

Bonds that are composed of electrons shared unequally between two atoms are called __________.

polar covalent bonds Covalent bonds are those characterized by electrons shared between atoms, as opposed to ionic bonds which involve a transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Covalent bonds that share the electrons equally between two atoms are called "pure covalent bonds" (or sometimes "nonpolar covalent bonds"), while those with unequal distributions of electrons are called "polar covalent bonds."

An electrically charged object can be used to attract:

polar molecules

If heat flows into a system, or work is done on the system, the change in internal energy will be:

positive

Bond dissociation energies are always:

positive It will always require energy to break a bond, so bond dissociation energies are always positive.

In the equation that predicts the change in energy of an electron, the n values must be:

positive integers

Scapular winging results from what?

posterior displacement of the medial border of the scapula

extension and supination

posterior muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joint are primarily...

triceps brachii anconeus supinator

posterior muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joint)

latissimus dorsi teres major infraspinatous teres minor

posterior muscles of the glenohumeral joint

With SC Joint retraction what will the arthrokinematic motions be?

posterior roll and posterior slide

trapezius (upper, middle, and lower fibers) rhomboid levator scapulae

posterior shoulder girdle muscles

A water insoluble compound that forms as the product of a net ionic equation is called a:

precipitate

Because a crystalline solid has the same forces and energy for each atom, it has a

precise melting point

pronator teres action

pronates and flexes forearm (muscle?)

O: distal part of medial condyloid ridge of humerus and medial side of the proximal ulna I: middle 1/3 of lateral surface of the radius

pronator teres O/I

the agonists in radioulnar pronation are ___,___,___

pronator teres, pronator quadratus, brachioradialis

Ions typically have:

properties that are dramatically different from those of the corresponding neutral atom By definition of an ion, they will always bear an electrical charge, either positive or negative. Sodium and chlorine are excellent examples of how properties of individual ions correspond to the properties of the ionic compound. Both sodium and chlorine are toxic elements individually, but once ionized, are harmless components of table salt. Therefore, ions typically exhibit dramatically different properties from those of the corresponding neutral compound.

PRICE

protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation

movements of the sternoclavicular joint are..

protraction, retraction, elevation, depression

If the liquid inside a container is 30∘C and the surrounding environment is 25∘C, then:

q will be negative Heat will be released from the container (making q negative) since heat flows from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature.

A muscle that inserts in to the radius will also have a function on the...

radioulnar joint (what will cause a function on this joint?)

The attractive forces between gas particles will serve to:

reduce the pressure

In order to increase the pressure of a gas, one can:

reduce the volume, keeping temperature constant

The individual Lewis structures of resonance are known as:

resonance forms Resonance is when two or more Lewis structures can be written for a molecule with the same arrangement of atoms. The distribution of electrons is an average shown by the Lewis structures, and these individual Lewis structures are resonance forms.

medial tilt (inward tilt)

return from the lateral tilt, consequential movement during extreme adduction in which scapula rotates about its verticle axis, resulting in anterior movement of the medial border and posterior movement of the lateral border.

The square root of the average of the squares of the velocities in a sample of gas is called the:

root mean square velocity

What is the plane of the scapula?

scapular plane 30 degrees anterior to the frontal plane

Anterior and posterior tilting are coupled with which motions?

scapular retraction/protraction and upward/downward rotation

Axis (C2)

second cervical vertebrae -dens or odontoid process -spinous process Allows the head to shake no

If a molecule with a central atom that has five regions of electron density has exactly one lone pair of electrons, what will its molecular geometry be?

seesaw A molecule that contains a central atom with five regions of electron density will have a trigonal bipyramidal electron pair geometry. If one of the regions of electron density is a lone pair, the molecule will have seesaw geometry. This is because the lone pair will occupy a position that will accommodate the greater repulsion that it will experience.

Kinetic molecular theory:

serves as an explanation for the gas laws

In Schrodinger's equation (Ĥ ψ=Eψ), Ĥ is called the Hamiltonian operator. What does the hamiltionian operator represent?

set of mathematical operations representing the total energy of the particle

shoulder joint: adduction

shoulder girdle: downward rotation

neck sprain (whiplash) is a ____

soft tissue injury

Which substance below will require the most heat energy to enter the gas phase? Crystalline solid, liquid, gas

solid

Which substance below will require the most heat energy to enter the gas phase?

solid Of the three substances listed, solids have the strongest intermolecular forces. More energy is required to break apart stronger intermolecular forces; therefore, a solid substance will require the most heat energy to enter into the gas phase.

If a sample of H2O is at −50∘C and 0.01 kPa and the temperature is slowly increased, the sample will transform from which phase to which other phase?

solid to gas

If a sample of water is at −50∘C and 0.3 kPa and the temperature is slowly increased, the sample will transform from which phase to which other phase?

solid to gas

Which option shows the phases in order of increasing kinetic energy contained within a sample?

solid, liquid, gas

Intermolecular forces are greatest in

solids

Intermolecular forces are greatest in liquids solids gases IMF are equal for all phases

solids The stronger the intermolecular forces are, the more the particles will stick together. In a solid, particles are very close together and are in a fixed location, allowing them to interact the most.

Colloidal systems involve:

solids in liquids liquids in gases gases in liquids

In a colloid, the term "dispersed phase" corresponds to what component of a solution?

solute

A homogeneous mixture is also known as a

solution

When diluting a solution, which of the following changes?

solution volume solution concentration liters of solvent

In a colloid, the term "dispersion medium" corresponds to what component of a solution?

solvent

A calorimeter can be used to calculate:

specific heat

What is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 ∘C known as?

specific heat capacity

___ is the translation or slippage between adjacent joints

spondylolisthesis

If a molecule with octahedral electron-pair geometry contains a central atom with two lone pairs, what will be the resulting molecular geometry?

square planar

the glenoid labrum slightly enhances..

stability (acts like a suction cup)

With serratus paralysis how will abduction be affected?

still get full range due to trapezius compensation

According to the kinetic molecular theory, in what direction do gas molecules move?

straight line

costoclavicular ligament and interclavicular ligaments prevent..

superior displacement

deltoid anterior fibers, middle fibers, and posterior fibers supraspinatus

superior muscles of the glenohumeral joint

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and posterior ulna I: lateral side of proximal radius below head Supination of the forearm

supinator O/I Action:

the supraspinatus originates at the ___ and inserts at the ___

supraspinous fossa, head of humerus

Which type of mixture will contain particles of the largest size?

suspension

What is the substance undergoing a chemical or physical change known as?

system

The average kinetic energy of a sample of gas molecules is proportional to:

temperature

Molecules have higher speeds when

temperatures increase and molar mass decreases

Dispersion forces result from the formation of:

temporary dipoles Because the electrons of an atom or molecule are in constant motion, at any moment in time, an atom or molecule can develop a temporary, instantaneous dipole if its electrons are distributed asymmetrically. The presence of this dipole can, in turn, distort the electrons of a neighboring atom or molecule, producing an induced dipole. These two rapidly fluctuating, temporary dipoles thus result in a relatively weak electrostatic attraction.

O: post. on third of lateral border of scapula i: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

teres major O/I

extension, adduction, internal rotation

teres major actions:

external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension

teres minor actions:

When drawing Lewis structures, which atoms must receive lone pairs first?

terminal atoms We will put lone pairs on the atoms at the edges of the molecule first.

What is the electron pair geometry of SnCl−3?

tetrahedral

In a molecule of CH3CH3, each carbon atom will have what geometry?

tetrahedral Each carbon will have four electron domains, so they will each be tetrahedral.

What is the electron pair geometry of the leftmost carbon?

tetrahedral There are four electron domains for the leftmost carbon with none due to nonbonding pairs. The electron pair geometry and the local structure are both tetrahedral.

Use the following Lewis structure of H2O to identify the electron-pair geometry and molecular structure of H2O. Do not assume the Lewis structure is drawn to indicate the geometry of the molecule.

tetrahedral, bent

Molecular orbitals will be filled according to:

the Aufbau principle the Pauli exclusion principle Hund's rule Like atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals will be filled from lowest energy to higher energy, placing one in each degenerate orbital before doubling up, and with opposite spin.

aconeus - extension

the ____ pushes on the synovial membrane to push it out of the way of the ulnar; so that the ulna doesnt smash membrane during _____ - keeps synovial membrane out of the way

Resonance hybrid

the actual structure of a molecule that is intermediate between two or more resonance structures

resonance hybrid

the actual structure of a molecule that is intermediate between two or more resonance structures

The lanthanides and actinides belong between:

the alkaline earth metals and the transition metals

What is the rate of diffusion?

the amount of gas passing through some area per unit of time

Mass is a measure of

the amount of matter in an object

Which of the following determines the strength of a covalent bond?

the amount of overlap for the orbitals involved When overlap occurs between two atomic orbitals, the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged electrons for the atoms involved create a covalent bond. The more overlap that occurs between two orbitals, the stronger the attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged electrons. Therefore, the more overlap that occurs, the stronger the covalent bond.

sternoclavicular joint

the area where the clavicle and the sternum connect

Electron structure

the arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule

The prefix in subatomic tells us that subatomic particles are

the basic building blocks of atoms

The molecular structure of a molecule will differ from its electron-pair geometry if:

the central atom has at least one lone pair

what is a benefit to have a severe thoracic kyphosis compared to a moderate kyphosis?

the cervical spine can reorientate itself and will be positioned better

Which of the following is used to abbreviate an element or an atom of a given element?

the chemical symbol

The temperature and pressure at which the distinction between liquid and gas can no longer be made, is known as:

the critical point

In Bohr's model, the energy of a photon absorbed or emitted by the electron will be equal to:

the difference in orbital energies associated with the transition

How to find dipole moment of a molecule?

the dipole moment is calculated to be 1.85 D by multiplying the distance between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms by the charge difference between them and then finding the components of each that point in the direction of the net dipole moment

Today, the meter is based on

the distance light travels in a particular fraction of a second

The elbow joint is the joint between...

the humerus and ulna (what joint is between these 2?)

On an energy diagram representing the distance between two hydrogen atoms, what does the lowest energy represent?

the ideal covalent bond length When a covalent bond forms, each electron interacts with each nucleus, which brings the system to a lower energy. The ideal bond length is determined by the lowest energy that can be attained as the atoms approach each other, as seen in the graph below. If the atoms get too close, the nuclei repel each other and the energy increases again.

An expression for the density of a gas can also be derived from:

the ideal gas law

Which factor(s) will affect the rate of diffusion of a gas? (select all that apply)

the identity of the gas the velocity of the particles Temperature

The solubility of a gas will depend on:

the identity of the solvent

acromioclavicular joint

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

manubrium, clavicle, coracoid process, acromion process, glenoid fossa, lateral border, medial border, inferior angle, superior angle and spine of the scapula.

the key bony landmarks of the shoulder girdle include: ______,_______,______ process, ________ process, _______, _______ border, _______ border, ______ angle, _______ angle and ______ of the scapula.

Which of the following statements is true for a substance that undergoes a change of phase from liquid to solid? -The kinetic energy of the particles is less than the energy of the intermolecular attractions -The kinetic energy of the particles is greater than the energy of the intermolecular attractions -A change of phase will not affect the kinetic energy of the particles -none of the above

the kinetic energy of the particles is less than the energy of the intermolecular attractions

theoretical yield

the maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant

actual yield

the measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction

the brachial plexus is..

the network of nerve fibers that run from the spine to the upper extremity

We can predict the number of bonds an atom can form by counting:

the number of additional electrons needed to form an octet the number of valence electrons We can predict the number of bonds an atom can form by counting the number of electrons needed to form an octet, or the number of valence electrons in the atom.

the scapula and its attachment through the clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint

the only attachment of the shoulder joint to the axial skeleton is...

the clavicle's articulation with the sternum

the only bony link of the scapula and clavicle to the axial skeleton is provide by..?

Which of the following produces sigma bonds?

the overlap of an s and p orbital the overlap of two s orbitals the end-to-end overlap of two p orbitals direct orbital overlap

The energy difference of a photon is 8.3×10−20 J. From this number we know that:

the photon is being absorbed

If hydrogen atoms are pushed together closer than the ideal bond length:

the potential energy goes up If compressed beyond the ideal bond length, the protons begin to repel each other, thus raising the potential energy of the system.

rib cage

the scapula moves on the ______

scapulothoracic

the shoulder girdle is also called...

Hydrogen bonding is:

the strongest van der Waals force Hydrogen bonds are the strongest dipole-dipole attraction, and are therefore considered to be the strongest type of van der Waals force.

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to:

the sum of the partial pressures

The fluid that forms at the critical point is known as:

the supercritical fluid

The height to which a liquid will rise in a capillary tube depends on:

the surface tension of the liquid the radius of the tube the density of the liquid

Gay-Lussac's law assumes that __________.

the volume is held constant the number of moles is held constant

the scapula and clavicle are often fractured because..

their shape and they are held in place by ligaments

why cant the lower trap produce upward rotation in phase 1B?

there is no MA based on the ICR location at the root of the spine of the scapula

Which of the following is a postulate of the kinetic molecular theory?

there is no attraction between gas particles or between the particles and the walls of the container

If a collision is said to be elastic, it means:

there is no loss of energy

Hydrogen bonds are exceptionally strong because:

they involve exceptionally strong dipoles hydrogen atoms are very small fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms are relatively small

If we compare a mole of carbon atoms to a mole of oxygen atoms, which sample will contain more atoms?

they will contain same, they will both contain precisely avogadro's number of atoms.

The surface area of a liquid will affect the:

time required to reach dynamic equilibrium

What is the name of SnO2?

tin (IV) oxide SnO2 is an ionic compound with a tin cation and the oxide anion. Tin can have multiple charges, so the name must indicate the charge with a roman numeral. To find the charge on the tin cation, use the fact that oxide has a charge of −2. There are two oxide anions, so the charge on the tin cation must be +4 in order to give a neutral charge overall. 1(+4)+2(−2)=0. Therefore, the name of the compound is tin (IV) oxide.

What is the main purpose of scapulothoracic motion?

to appropriately position the glenoid to allow optimal motion

serratus anterior, trap muscle

upward rotation:

What type of electrons are shared in covalent bonds?

valence electrons Valence electrons are shared in covalent bonds. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons which are most easily removed. They are the highest in energy. Core electrons are the innermost electrons that are lowest in energy and will not participate in sharing.

The image provided shows two 3py orbitals. Predict what type of molecular orbital will result.

π3p The side by side overlap of the two 3p orbitals will result in the formation of a π3py bonding orbital because they are in-phase.

A hybridized atomic orbital can contain or participate in which of the following?

σ-bonds lone pairs of electrons single unpaired electrons (radicals)

The image provided shows two 3px orbitals. Predict what type of molecular orbital will result.

σ3p The two 3px orbitals overlap end to end and will result in the formation of a σ3px bonding orbital because they are in-phase.

Three types of repulsion

• lone pair - lone pair • lone pair - bonding pair • bonding pair - bonding pair

If the heat of combustion of methanol (CH3OH) is −726.1 kJ mole, what is the enthalpy change associated with the combustion of 500.g of methanol?

−11,300kJ.

If 20.0 g of CH4 reacts with excess oxygen, what is the change in enthalpy for the reaction?

−1110kJ