chemistry quiz #3

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alpha decay + alpha particles

-atomic mass increases by 4 -atomic # decreases by 2

beta decay + beta particles

-atomic mass stays the same -atomic # increases by 1

positron emission

-has the same mass as electron but different charge -atomic mass stays the same -atomic # decreases by 1

fussion reactions

-heavy nuclei split into lighter nuclei -the atoms splits which releases 3 neutrons and A LOT of energy

Nuclear fusion

-joining of nuclei -NOT used as a power source

gamma radiation

-most dangerous -is a very high energy photon (light) -atomic mass stays the same -atomic # stays the same

nuclear fission

-occurs when 2 light nuclei fuse to produce a nucleus of a greater mass -A LOT of energy is released during this process

Nuclear fussion

-splitting of nuclei -used as a POWER source

Half-life

-the time required for half the atoms in a sample of radioactive material to decay -in page 6 of reference table!!!

isotopes notations for a particle

0 <--mass -1 <--charge

4 types of radioactive decay

1) Alpha decay 2) Beta decay 3) Positron emission 4) Gamma radiation

another equation for half-life

1/2^n

isotopes notations for an atom

11 <--atomic mass 6 <--atomic #

Both nuclear fission and fision ....

Both release a LARGE amount of energy!

OPPOSITES ATTRACT!

OPPOSITES ATTRACT! ex: alpha which is positively charge like the negatively charge very much !!!

penetrating power

ability for particle to go through something

unstable isotopes

aka radioactive isotopes -have unstable nucleus and break down by a process called radioactive decay by releasing (emitting) particles and radiation

weakest power

alpha ray -cannot go through paper

medium power

beta ray -can go through paper but not skin

common particles can be found in Table 0 (page 7) !!!

common particles can be found in Table 0 (page 7) !!!

The ratio of the mass of U-238 to the mass of Pb-206 can be used to...

date geological formations

nuclear chemistry

deals with the transformation of the nucleus of an atom

elements are produced in stars!!!

elements are produced in stars!!!

strongest power

gamma ray -can go through skin but not lead

Stable isotopes

have a stable nucleus and remain intact(as a whole) forever

charge of beta

negative

charge of gamma

neutral / no charge

equation for half-life

number of half-life (n) = total time ---------- half-life

charge of alpha

positive

cobalt-60

radioactive isotope that treats cancer

carbon-14

radioactive isotope used to determine the age of once living organisms

rate of decay

radioactive isotopes decay at different rates (Half-life)

Radioisotopes used for medical diagnosis must have...

short half-lives and be quickly eliminated by the body

symbol for half-life

t 1/2

transmutation

the changing of one chemical element to another

binding energy

the energy associated with the strong nuclear force

strong nuclear force

the force that holds the nucleus together

nuclear equations

total of the atomic number and the total of the mass number must be equal on both sides

iodine-131

used to diagnose thyroid disorders

we determine the composition of stars/planets by looking at the light (color of the light) !!!

we determine the composition of stars/planets by looking at the light (color of the light) !!!


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