chemistry quiz #3
alpha decay + alpha particles
-atomic mass increases by 4 -atomic # decreases by 2
beta decay + beta particles
-atomic mass stays the same -atomic # increases by 1
positron emission
-has the same mass as electron but different charge -atomic mass stays the same -atomic # decreases by 1
fussion reactions
-heavy nuclei split into lighter nuclei -the atoms splits which releases 3 neutrons and A LOT of energy
Nuclear fusion
-joining of nuclei -NOT used as a power source
gamma radiation
-most dangerous -is a very high energy photon (light) -atomic mass stays the same -atomic # stays the same
nuclear fission
-occurs when 2 light nuclei fuse to produce a nucleus of a greater mass -A LOT of energy is released during this process
Nuclear fussion
-splitting of nuclei -used as a POWER source
Half-life
-the time required for half the atoms in a sample of radioactive material to decay -in page 6 of reference table!!!
isotopes notations for a particle
0 <--mass -1 <--charge
4 types of radioactive decay
1) Alpha decay 2) Beta decay 3) Positron emission 4) Gamma radiation
another equation for half-life
1/2^n
isotopes notations for an atom
11 <--atomic mass 6 <--atomic #
Both nuclear fission and fision ....
Both release a LARGE amount of energy!
OPPOSITES ATTRACT!
OPPOSITES ATTRACT! ex: alpha which is positively charge like the negatively charge very much !!!
penetrating power
ability for particle to go through something
unstable isotopes
aka radioactive isotopes -have unstable nucleus and break down by a process called radioactive decay by releasing (emitting) particles and radiation
weakest power
alpha ray -cannot go through paper
medium power
beta ray -can go through paper but not skin
common particles can be found in Table 0 (page 7) !!!
common particles can be found in Table 0 (page 7) !!!
The ratio of the mass of U-238 to the mass of Pb-206 can be used to...
date geological formations
nuclear chemistry
deals with the transformation of the nucleus of an atom
elements are produced in stars!!!
elements are produced in stars!!!
strongest power
gamma ray -can go through skin but not lead
Stable isotopes
have a stable nucleus and remain intact(as a whole) forever
charge of beta
negative
charge of gamma
neutral / no charge
equation for half-life
number of half-life (n) = total time ---------- half-life
charge of alpha
positive
cobalt-60
radioactive isotope that treats cancer
carbon-14
radioactive isotope used to determine the age of once living organisms
rate of decay
radioactive isotopes decay at different rates (Half-life)
Radioisotopes used for medical diagnosis must have...
short half-lives and be quickly eliminated by the body
symbol for half-life
t 1/2
transmutation
the changing of one chemical element to another
binding energy
the energy associated with the strong nuclear force
strong nuclear force
the force that holds the nucleus together
nuclear equations
total of the atomic number and the total of the mass number must be equal on both sides
iodine-131
used to diagnose thyroid disorders
we determine the composition of stars/planets by looking at the light (color of the light) !!!
we determine the composition of stars/planets by looking at the light (color of the light) !!!
