Chemistry Unit 5 Study Guide
Alkali Metals Dot Diagram
1
Which of the following is the correct dot notation for the element potassium, K?
1
All of the elements of the alkali metals group form ions with a charge of
1+
The alkali metals form ions with a charge of
1+
All of the elements of the halogens family form ions with a charge of
1-
The halogens form ions with a charge of
1-
The atomic radii of F, Cl and I are 72, 99 and 133 pm respectively. Predict a value for the atomic radii of Br from this data.
114 pm
A group of elements that all have six valence electrons:
16
The first three ionization energies for element X are 900, 1757 and 14848 kJ/mol respectively? In which group is X most likely to be found?
2
All of the elements of the alkaline earth metals group form ions with a charge of
2+
The alkaline earth metals form ions with a charge of
2+
The nonmetal members of the oxygen family (oxygen, sulfur and selenium) form ions with a charge of
2-
The nonmetals of the oxygen family (oxygen, sulfur, selenium) form ions with a charge of
2-
The nonmetal members of the nitrogen family (nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic) form ions with a charge of
3-
The nonmetals of the nitrogen family (nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic) form ions with a charge of
3-
When considering the successive ionization energies of Aluminum, which pair of values might be expected to exhibit the greatest difference?
3rd and 4th
Carbon dot diagram
4
Which of the following is the correct dot notation for the element carbon?
4
Sulfur Electron Dot Diagram
6
Which of the following is the correct dot notation for the element sulfur?
6
Electron Dot Diagram for Halogens
7
The atomic radius of F, Br, and I are 64, 114, and 138 pm respectively. From this information (and not your book) estimate a reasonable atomic radius of Cl.
89 pm
Of the following elements, which one would have the largest radius?
Cesium
Which of these elements does not have the same number of valence electrons as the other three?
Cesium
Which of the following elements is likely to be the best oxidizing agent?
Cl
Which of the following elements would be expected to have a most common ion that is larger than the corresponding atom?
Cl
Which of the following elements is likely to be the best reducing agent?
Cs
Which of these elements would have the lowest first ionization energy?
Element D (1e-, 8e-, 2e-)
Ionization energies can always be described in which of the following ways?
Endothermic
Consider the elements of group I. All of the following properties increase down the group, EXCEPT;
First Ionization Energy
Which of the following describes the energy change associated with the process, Na(g) ==> Na+(g) + e-?
First Ionization energy
Magnesium has larger value than Strontium for which of the following properties?
First ionization energy
Of the following elements, which one would have the largest electronegativity energy?
Fl
Of the following elements, which one would have the smallest radius?
Fl
Of the following elements, which one would have the smallest radius?
Fluorine
Use the periodic table (not any tables or charts in your book) to predict which element has the largest atomic radius.
Fr
Use your knowledge of periodic trends to predict which element reacts most vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas.
Fr
Generally speaking, the group of elements with the highest first ionization energy is:
Group 18
A group of elements that all have seven valence electrons:
Halogens
Use the periodic table (not any tables in your book) to predict which element has the largest ionization energy.
He
Which of the following elements has the largest first ionization energy?
He
Of the following elements, which one would have the largest ionization energy?
Hydrogen
Of the following elements, which one would have the largest radius?
Iodine
Which of the following properties increase as the third period is traversed from left to right (Na to Ar)?
Ionization energy
Which of the following species would be expected to be paramagnetic?
K
Which of the following sets of elements could replace the generic "X" symbol with their own to produce a valid dot notation for the element(s)? (8)
Krypton, Neon, Argon, Xenon, Radon
Of the following elements, which one would have the largest radius?
Li
Of the following elements, which one would have the smallest ionization energy?
Li
Which of the following elements has the lowest first ionization energy?
Li
The energy needed to remove the first electron from an atom is the first ionization energy. The energy needed to remove the second electron from an atom is the second ionization energy. The definition of third and fourth ionization energies is similar. Which of the atoms below would you expect to have the largest 3rd ionization energy?
Mg
Which element would be expected to exhibit the greatest difference between its second and third ionization energies?
Mg
Electron Dot Diagrams
Mg-2 Ga-3 Se-6 Ar-8 Si-4 N-5 O-6 K-1 Cl-7 Al-3
Charges of elements
Mg-2+ Al-3+ N-3- Li-1+ Cl-1- O-2-
Which of the following species would have the largest ionization energy?
Mg2+
Which of these is the proper formula for a magnesium ion?
Mg^2+
Of the following elements, which one would have the smallest radius?
Ne
When the following elements are ordered according to increasing size (smallest first), which is the correct order? Li, Ne, Na, K
Ne, Li, Na, K
Which family of elements does not readily form ions?
Noble gases
Which period 2 element has a first ionization energy that is lower than expected due to mutual repulsion of electrons within a p orbital?
O
Which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius?
Rb
Which of the following is a transition element?
Rh
Which of the following oxides would be expected to be most acidic?
S
What energy change is summarized in the following process? O-(g) + e- ==> O2-(g)
Second electron affinity of oxygen
The element germanium is used in the manufacture of some transistors. What other element might be used for such a purpose?
Si
Which statement is INCORRECT?
Sodium atoms are larger than Potassium atoms
Valence electrons in elements:
Strontium-2 ve Phosphorous- 5ve Carbon- 4ve Fluorine- 7ve Sodium- 1ve Ne-8ve
When sulfur dioxide reacts with water, what is the product?
Sulfurous acid
Which of the following species is the largest?
The species with 10 electrons and 8 protons
The least electronegative elements are the:
alkali metals
Which elements have three dots on the the dot diagram?
aluminum and indium
Which alkaline earth metals should have the smallest radius?
beryllium
Given the representation of a chlorine atom, which circle might a chloride ion, Cl-?
biggest circle
Given the representation of a chlorine atom, which circle might represent an atom of bromine?
biggest circle
Which of the following sets of elements could replace the generic "X" symbol with their own to produce a valid dot notation for the element(s)? (3)
boron, aluminum, and gallium
Place the elements above in order from smallest energy needed to remove the outermost electron to the largest energy needed to remove the outermost electron:
cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, lithium
As one moves from down ( ↓ ) a group on the periodic table, the electronegativity of the elements encountered tends to:
decrease
As one moves from down ( ↓ ) a group on the periodic table, the ionization energy of the elements encountered tends to:
decrease
As one moves from left to right ( → ) within a period across the periodic table, the atomic radius of the elements encountered tends to:
decrease
How many valence electrons are present in the dot notation for radon?
eight
The measure of the attraction that an atom has for electrons involved in chemical bonds is known as:
electronegativity
A vertical column ( ↓ ) of elements on the periodic table may also be referred to as a:
family, group
For which of the properties does Li have a larger value than potassium? Use the periodic table (not the tables or charts in your text.)
first ionization energy
Place the elements above in order from largest energy needed to remove the outermost electron to the smallest energy needed to remove the outermost electron:
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
Electronegativity tends to increase as you
go from left to right across the periodic table..
Which of these elements does not have the same number of valence electrons as the other three?
helium
As one moves from down ( ↓ ) a group on the periodic table, the atomic radius of the elements encountered tends to:
increase
As one moves from left to right ( → ) within a period across the periodic table, the electronegativity of the elements encountered tends to:
increase
As one moves from left to right ( → ) within a period across the periodic table, the ionization energy of the elements encountered tends to:
increase
As one moves down ( ↓ ) a group on the periodic table, the atomic radius of the elements encountered:
increases
Place the elements above in order from largest atomic radius to smallest atomic radius:
iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is known as:
ionization energy
Place the elements above in order from smallest atomic radius to largest atomic radius:
lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium
When forming ions, metals tend to _________ electrons and nonmetals tend to __________ electrons.
lose, gain
The elements with the largest atomic radii are found in the:
lower left hand corner of the periodic table
The most active metals are located in the:
lower left hand corner of the periodic table
Anions have a ______________ charge and are ______________ than the atoms from which they formed.
negative, larger
Which of the following elements would have five dots in its electron dot notation?
nitrogen
Which of the following sets of elements could replace the generic "X" symbol with their own to produce a valid dot notation for the element(s)? (5)
nitrogen, phosphorous, and arsenic
Which elements have 5 valence electrons
nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic
What family of elements doesn't form ions?
noble gases
How many valence electrons are present in the dot notation for cesium?
one
How many valence electrons are present in the dot notation for potassium?
one
How many valence electrons does each element in this group possess?
one
Cations have a ______________ charge and are ______________ than the atoms from which they formed?
positive and smaller
Place the elements above in order from largest atomic radius to smallest atomic radius:
potassium, sodium, aluminum, boron
Place the elements above in order from smallest atomic radius to largest atomic radius:
radon, platinum, tungsten, cesium
Place the elements above in order from largest atomic radius to smallest atomic radius:
rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium
horizontal row ( → ) of elements on the periodic table may also be referred to as a:
series, period
How many valence electrons does each element in this group possess
seven
Which of the following elements has the same number of valence electrons as the element carbon, C?
silicon (4)
The same element, X, as in question #1 above, will form an ion that can be described as which of the following when compared to an atom of X?
smaller
Given the representation of a chlorine atom, which circle might represent an atom of argon?
smallest circle
Given the representation of a chlorine atom, which circle might represent an atom of fluorine?
smallest circle
Place the elements above in order from largest atomic radius to smallest atomic radius:
sodium, aluminium, sulfur, argon
Place the elements above in order from the easiest from which to remove the outermost electron, to the hardest to remove that electron:
sodium, aluminium, sulfur, argon
Which of the following is NOT a trend that varies systematically in the periodic table?
symbols of elements
Given the representation of a chlorine atom, which circle might represent an atom of sulfur?
the biggest
How many valence electrons are present in the dot notation for aluminum?
three
How many valence electrons are present in the dot notation for boron?
three
How many valence electrons are present in the dot notation for strontium?
two
The elements with the smallest atomic radii are found in the:
upper right hand corner of the periodic table
