chest/abd

for an upright AP abdomen projection, the

-ASIS's are positioned at equal distances from the IR -patient remains in an upright position at least 5 - 20 minutes before the image is obtained

which positioning problem(s) listed result(s) in an AP-PA chest projection (lateral decubitus position) with the manubrium and the thoracic vertebra located at the same level?

-an AP projection obtained with the upper midcoronal plane tilted away from the IR -a PA projection obtained with the midcoronal plane tilted toward the IR

A PA chest projection obtained on expiration demonstrates

-an underexposed image if exposure is not increased when a manual technique is used -a broader and shorter heart shadow -fewer than 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm

for an AP neonatal or infant chest projection, the

-central ray is centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of the mammary line -longitudinal collimation should be open enough to include the upper airway -head faces straight up, without rotation -central ray is angled 5* caudally

how much should the technique be adjusted from the routine for an AP abdomen projection in a patient who has large amount of bowel gas?

-decrease the mas 30-50% -decrease the kvp 5-8%

a left PA 60* oblique chest projection (LAO position)

-demonstrates the heart shadow to the right of the vertebral column -is obtained to evaluate the size and configuration of the hear shadow

a PA chest projection with poor positioning demonstrates the scapulae in the lung field and elevated lateral clavicular ends. how should the patient be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained

-depress the shoulders -anteriorly rotate the shoulders and elbows

how should the technique be adjusted from the routine for an AP abdomen projection (lateral decubitus position) in a patient with ascites or a bowel obstruction

-increase the mas 30-50% -increase kvp 5-8%

heart penetration on an AP chest projection

-is obtained by increasing the kvp -results in a lower contrast image -is required when apparatuses located at mediastinal region are of interest

for a lateral neonatal or infant chest projection, the

-neonate, or infant remains supine for a cross-table projection -neonate, or infant is elevated on a radiolucent sponge for a cross-table projection -central ray is centered to the mammary line

a left lateral chest projection with accurate positioning demonstrates

-no humeral soft tissue in the lung field -no more than a total of 0.5 inch of space between the posterior or anterior ribs -the hemidiaphragms inferior to the eleventh thoracic vertebra

a supine AP abdomen projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the

-outline of the psoas major muscles and kidneys -symphysis pubis -spinous processes aligned with the midline of the vertebral bodies -long axis of the vertebral column aligned with the long axis of the collimated field

voluntary motion can

-result from patient breathing -be controlled by using a short exposure time

for an AP-PA chest projection (right lateral decubitus position), the

-shoulders and the posterior ribs are positioned perpendicular to the cart -patient is elevated on a radiolucent sponge or cardiac board

for an AP chest projection obtained with a mobile x-ray unit

-the IR is positioned parallel with the midcoronal plane -the image is obtained w/out the use of a grid -the manubrium is superimposed over the fourth thoracic vertebra

a PA chest projection (lateral decubitus position) demonstrates

-the manubrium superimposed over the fourth vertebral body -a closed c6-c7 intervertebral disk space -clearly shown c6-c7 spinous processes and laminae

an AP chest projection (lateral decubitus position) obtained with the patient RPO position demonstrates

-the right SC joint without vertebral column superimposition -9 or 10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm

for an AP abdominal projection (left lateral decubitus position)

-the right hemidiapragm and iliac wing must be included to demonstrate intraperitoneal air -position the shoulders and the ASIS at equal distances from the IR -obtain the exposure on expiration

for an AP chest projection (lordotic position)

-the shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR -the patients back is arched until the midcoronal plane and IR form a 45* angle -the elbows and shoulders are rotated anteriorly

for a PA oblique chest projection

-there is twice as much lung field demonstrated on one side of the vertebral column as on the opposite side -10 or 11 posterior ribs are demonstrated above he hemidiaphragm -the apices, cosophrenic angles, and both lungs are included on the image

the recommended kv range for a child PA chest technique at 72 inches is

75-80 kv

an AP neonate abdomen projection that was obtained with the patient in a slight RPO position will demonstrate

a wider right iliac wing

a PA chest projection on a patient with a right side pneumothorax will demonstrate

air in the right pleural cavity

a left lateral chest projection obtained with the patients left side rotated anteriorly demonstrates the

anterior and posterior ribs with more than 0.5 inch of superimposition

the IR is positioned ___ for a PA chest hypersthenic patient

crosswise

a 45* PA oblique chest projection (LAO position) demonstrates the heart shadow w/out vertebral column superimposition. how should the positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal image?

decrease the degree of patient rotation

a PA chest projection obtained in full lung expansion

demonstrates 10-11 posterior ribs above the diaphragm

for AP projections of the chest performed with a portable x-ray unit, placing the IR lengthwise is not appropriate for which body habitus

hypersthenic

an AP axial chest projection (lordotic position) demonstrates the clavicles superimposing the lung apices and the ...their corresponding posterior ribs. how should the positioning setup be changed to obtain an optimal projection

increase the degree of midcoronal plane tilt with the IR

which side of the patient is positioned against the imaging table or cart for an AP-PA chest projection (lateral decubitus) to rule out a left side pleural effusion

left

excessive lung markings indicate all of the following EXCEPT

pleural effusion

optimal contrast, density, and penetration have been achieved on AP abdominal projections when which anatomic structures are demonstrated

psoas major muscle, kidneys, inferior ribs, and lumbar transverse processes

a rotated left lateral chest projection demonstrates the heart shadow posterior to the sternum. which is the anteriorly positioned lung?

right

a neonate AP chest projection demonstrates the left posterior ribs with greater length than the right posterior ribs. how should the positioning setup be changed to obtain an optimal projection

rotate the left side of the patient closer to the IR

the right SC joint is visible away from the vertebral column, and the left SC joint is superimposing the vertebral column on a mobile AP chest projection. how should positioning setup be adjusted to obtain an optimal image?

rotate the patient back toward the left side

to reposition a decubitus abdomen projection that demonstrates longer right posterior ribs and a wider right iliac wing,

rotate the right side of the patient away from the IR

a left lateral chest projection with poor positioning demonstrates the humeri soft tissue superimposed over the anterior lung apices. how was the patient positioned for such an image to be obtained

the humeri were positioned at a 90* angle with the body

a PA chest projection with poor positioning demonstrates vertical clavicles and the manubrium at the same level as the fifth thoracic vertebra. how was the patient positioned for such an image to be obtained

the patients upper midcoronal plane was tilted toward the IR

sufficient penetration has been obtained on a PA chest projection when the _____ and posterior ribs are demonstrated through the heart and mediastinal structures

thoracic vertebraae

the last rib is attached to the _____ vertebra

twelfth

a PA chest projection that demonstrates the vertebral column superimposing the left SC joint

was obtained with the patient rotated toward the left side

an AP chest projection that demonstrates the manubrium superimposing the third thoracic vertebra

was taken with the central ray angled to cephalically