Child Development 2 Exam

most frequently mentioned criterion for being an adult is

accepting responsibility for oneself

the inventionists perspective

adolescence only exists because we were taught to see it as distinct; adolescence did not really exist until the Industrial Revolution

when teens become self-conscious because they believe people are talking about them

an imaginary audience

the messages that society sends adolescents

are unclear and inconsistent

child protectionists

argued that young people needed to be kept away from the labor force for their own good

what is the sequence of steps in information processing

attention, processing, storing, and retrieving

the adolescent growth spurt...

begins 2 years earlier for girls than for boys

Piaget's cognitive development theory

children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world; all children progress through stages in the same order, not necessarily the same rate

Information processing theory

children are active, sense-making beings who modify thinking in response to environmental demands

while studying for her biology exam, Jennifer watches her favorite show on TV this is an example of...

divided attention

when did adolescence become a distinct transitional period?

during the industrial revolution

the two classes of sex hormones are

estrogens and androgens

G. Stanley hall

father of adolescence- pioneer of the child study movement

differences in the timing and rate of puberty among individuals growing up in the same general environment are caused by

genetic factors

what is part of the feedback loop?

gonads, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

longitudinal

group of junior high students studied over the course of 3 years

in america early maturing girls are more likely than their late maturing peers to

have a lower self-image

What causes the hypothalamus to increase GnRH production?

hitting a threshold level of body fat; females 11% males no percentage

not a major change in cognition during adolescence?

increased imagination

lengthening of adolescence

it has increased due to earlier onset of puberty and prolongation of formal education

although many intellectual abilities increase with brain development during adolescence what decreases?

language acquisition

What factor is considered to be the driving force in Piaget's theory of stage development?

maturation

the ability to think about one's own thoughts is called

metacognition

G. Stanley Hall and new requirements for children to attend secondary schools were crucial in establishing the characteristics of

modern adolescence

Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

multiple levels of the surrounding environment; individual, microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, microsystem, chronosystem

what can delay the onset of puberty?

nutritional deficiencies, excessive exercise, stress

Domains of development

physical, social and emotional, moral, and cognitive

Periods of development

prenatal, infancy and toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood

a double shift in social status takes place during adolescence with an increase

privileges and expectations

status offense

refers to a behavior that is problematic because of the young person's status as a juvenile

Multidimensional thinking helps adolescents to understand

sarcasm

age of majority

seen as adult- voting rights

what emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?

sensation-seeking

adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues through...

social cognition

what illustrates asynchronicity?

some body parts grow faster than others during puberty

first production of sperm in boys is called?

spermarche

Cross sectional study

subjects of different ages are assessed at the same time

one reason for the difference in body shapes of the sexes is

the difference in the amount and distribution of body fat

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory

the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group is transmitted to the next generation

what is not a part of the feedback loop?

thyroid hormones

zone of proximal development

what child can do alone vs. with help; actual vs. potential development level