Child Development 2 Exam
most frequently mentioned criterion for being an adult is
accepting responsibility for oneself
the inventionists perspective
adolescence only exists because we were taught to see it as distinct; adolescence did not really exist until the Industrial Revolution
when teens become self-conscious because they believe people are talking about them
an imaginary audience
the messages that society sends adolescents
are unclear and inconsistent
child protectionists
argued that young people needed to be kept away from the labor force for their own good
what is the sequence of steps in information processing
attention, processing, storing, and retrieving
the adolescent growth spurt...
begins 2 years earlier for girls than for boys
Piaget's cognitive development theory
children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world; all children progress through stages in the same order, not necessarily the same rate
Information processing theory
children are active, sense-making beings who modify thinking in response to environmental demands
while studying for her biology exam, Jennifer watches her favorite show on TV this is an example of...
divided attention
when did adolescence become a distinct transitional period?
during the industrial revolution
the two classes of sex hormones are
estrogens and androgens
G. Stanley hall
father of adolescence- pioneer of the child study movement
differences in the timing and rate of puberty among individuals growing up in the same general environment are caused by
genetic factors
what is part of the feedback loop?
gonads, hypothalamus, pituitary gland
longitudinal
group of junior high students studied over the course of 3 years
in america early maturing girls are more likely than their late maturing peers to
have a lower self-image
What causes the hypothalamus to increase GnRH production?
hitting a threshold level of body fat; females 11% males no percentage
not a major change in cognition during adolescence?
increased imagination
lengthening of adolescence
it has increased due to earlier onset of puberty and prolongation of formal education
although many intellectual abilities increase with brain development during adolescence what decreases?
language acquisition
What factor is considered to be the driving force in Piaget's theory of stage development?
maturation
the ability to think about one's own thoughts is called
metacognition
G. Stanley Hall and new requirements for children to attend secondary schools were crucial in establishing the characteristics of
modern adolescence
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory
multiple levels of the surrounding environment; individual, microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, microsystem, chronosystem
what can delay the onset of puberty?
nutritional deficiencies, excessive exercise, stress
Domains of development
physical, social and emotional, moral, and cognitive
Periods of development
prenatal, infancy and toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood
a double shift in social status takes place during adolescence with an increase
privileges and expectations
status offense
refers to a behavior that is problematic because of the young person's status as a juvenile
Multidimensional thinking helps adolescents to understand
sarcasm
age of majority
seen as adult- voting rights
what emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?
sensation-seeking
adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues through...
social cognition
what illustrates asynchronicity?
some body parts grow faster than others during puberty
first production of sperm in boys is called?
spermarche
Cross sectional study
subjects of different ages are assessed at the same time
one reason for the difference in body shapes of the sexes is
the difference in the amount and distribution of body fat
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group is transmitted to the next generation
what is not a part of the feedback loop?
thyroid hormones
zone of proximal development
what child can do alone vs. with help; actual vs. potential development level
