Child Psch test #3

according to piaget, "egocentrism" reffered to the charastic ________ thinking of young children

"centered on oneself"

The utterance "Boys are playing" contain

5 morphemes

Violent events are found in _______ % of the television programs young children watch

80

Which of the following is an example of a false belief from a test of a child's mental perspective taking?

After being shown that a box contains pencils, a boy reports that a friend will think a box contains pencils even though it looks as if it contains candy

Interactionist theories differ from nativist theories in which of the following ways?

Interactionists emphasize the links between language development and the development of general cognitive processes, such as remembering and categorizing

heteronomous morality refers to the belief of

Piaget that children internalize an externally imposed value system

Which of the following has been suggested as a reason why children give inaccurate testimony in long criminal proceedings when many questions are repeated?

They assume there is something wrong with their first answer

When a child learns that the word "rabbit" refers to the white animal with big ears and fur, she has solved the problem of reference

True

halloween is likely to be frighteneing to 3-year-olds because

a child that age, has difficulty distinguishing appearence from reality

For a child to learn to "behave himself," she must

adopt the standards of proper conduct in her culture

One feature that distinguishes adults' vocabulary from children's is

adults often know alternative forms of meaning for each word

High pitch, exaggerated intonation, slow speech, and distinct pauses between utterances are speech patterns of

adults speaking to children

A gender schema is a mental model that is used to process

all types of gender-relevant information

Damage to Broca's area results in

an absence or disruption of normal speech

damage to broca's area results in

an absence or disruption of normal speech

Economic factors are:

an important determinant of many aspects of parenting.

Autism is a disorder defined primarily by

an inability to relate normally to other people

autism is a disorder defined primarly by

an inability to relate normally to other people

The process of socialization, or acquisition of the standards, values, and knowledge of one's culture, begins

at birth

In the stage following the oral and anal stages of development, Freud children

become interested in their own genitals as a source of pleasure

The fact that most 3- to 4-year old children know that a person in a costume is the same person when in his or her regular clothes indicates that children at this age

can distinguish appearance from reality

The growth in children's system of meaning occurs becauce...

children become familiar with a large number of situations in which the same word is used

The domain-specific view of cognitive development is that

children's reasoning about things in different domains proceeds at the same pace across all domains

Joan Grusec (1991) observed that the use of explicit rewards to promote prosocial behavior

did not work

The inhibition of an action that is already underway is called

effortful control

In Freudian terms, the mental structure that develops as the infant is forced by reality to cope with the social world is called the:

ego

The view that aggressive behavior occurs because it is often rewarded fits with which framework?

environmental-learning

According to Baumrind, permissive parents:

exert little explicit control over their children's behavior.

With the emergence of the capacity to use words, children can

express themselves and organize their activity in a new way

As large numbers of individuals migrated from rural areas to newly industrialized cities, family structure changed from _______________ to _____________

extended families; nuclear families

A(n) __________ has been traditionally defined as a group of people with ancestry, shared residence, and/or marital ties

extended family

Autistic children tested on false belief tasks

fail to pass the false belief task, regardless of their age

An examination of the influence of the contexts of early childhood helps us understand the stage-like nature of early development

false

Piaget viewed development as tied to the specific contexts within which a child develops

false

the idea of skeletal principles is that children are born with innate modules of knowledge that proceed to mature physically, leading to improved reasoing

false

The term _______ refers to how families function, specifically, the patterns of interaction and communication among members

family dynamics

According to Diana Baumrind, authoritarian parents:

favor punitive measures to control children's behavior

the rules that govern both the sequence of words in a sentence and the ordering of parts of words called

grammer

Reports that boys are generally more aggressive than girls

have been found across the world

Two-year-old Amanda uses the word "flower" to refer to lilies, carnations, pansies, and dandelions. She probably does this because

her first words are at an intermediate level of abstraction

Children who receive day care in the United States tend to be more:

independent of adults.

mental modules are

innate mental faculties that mature to drive developement

When children are expected to make economic contributions to a family such as being responsible for portions of the farming or caring for younger siblings, these are likely to foster a self-identity based on

interdependence

Although research on the relationship of educational television viewing and school performance is correlational, the data suggest that high levels of viewing educational content

is positively associated with higher high school grades in English, science, and math, especially for boys

When Bartlett and Carey arranged for preschool children to learn the word "chromium," the children

learned the word after one experience with its use in a familiar situation

In court proceedings, adult witnesses

may alter their testimony as a result of the questions being asked

Highly specific mental faculties associated with particular domains of environmental input are referred to

mental modules

Oprah wants her 4-year-old to behave in a more prosocial manner. She should

model prosocial behavior and explain to her daughter why she should behave in a prosocial manneer

which of the following is a relational word that appears early in childrens vocab?

no

Preschoolers can be viewed as similar to adults who are

novices

What is the term used to describe the conventional American family, consisting of mother, father, and their children?

nuclear

Which of the following seems to increase sibling fighting

parental fighting

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory of development, around the fourth year children begin to regard their own genitals as a major source of pleasure. What is the name of this stage of development?

phallic

the basic sounds of a language are known as

phonemes

according to piaget, the stage in which children cannot decenter their thinking or think through the consequences of an action known as the

preopertional stage

A mother under stress is more likely to act in which of the following ways toward her children?

punitively

Which of the following is NOT considered a privileged domain by Chen & Siegler?

reasoning

The ability to embed sentences within each other, as when "I went to the park." "I played on the swings." and "I played in the sandbox" become, "I went to the park and played on the swings and in the sandbox" is referred to as

recursion.

The term morpheme

refers to a basic unit of meaning in a language

Socioemotional competence is

related to being liked by peers and teachers

Socioemotional competence is:

related to being liked by peers and teachers.

Personal rules are

rules that govern a child's decision making in terms of his own preferences

When babies and mothers talk, they share knowledge about objects to which they jointly attend. This is an example of _______ as a precursor to language

secondary intersubjectivity

A person's view of himself or herself is reflected in the concept of

self-concept.

According to research by Mascolo, Fisher, and Li, which emotion was taught at a much earlier age to Chinese children than to American children?

shame

A recent formulation of the modularity position, which more precisely delineates the kinds of interaction with the environment that are required for development to occur, is

skeletal principles

Make-believe play, in which two or more participants enact a variety of social roles, is called:

sociodramatic play

Day care originated to _______, while preschool originated to _______ children

supervise; educate

According to Robert Le Vine, which of the following are goals of parents in all cultures?

survival, economic, cultural

Dorothy and Jerome Singer state that _______ have/has penetrated children's lives like no other influence outside the parents

television

Personality is the individual's pattern o

temperament, emotions, and intellectual abilities

A child says "puzzle" instead of "puddle." Later, the same child says "puggle" instead of "puzzle." Examples of this type provide evidence that

the basic sounds of a language are not isolated instances of pronunciation

According to Piaget, early childhood is a time of transition between

the overtly physical schemas of infancy and the ability to use mental operations in middle childhood

The fact that even adult speakers of a language cannot explain all the rules of grammar suggests

the rules of grammar are highly abstract

Research on the role of fathers in children's development has confirmed the importance of all of the following factors EXCEPT

total amount of time spent with children

Cultural contexts influence the unevenness of children's development by regulating a child's role in the activity

true

Hoffman's theory regarding the development of empathy relates to Piaget's cognitive stages.

true

In the environmental-learning view of development, modeling and differential reinforcement are key processes in socialization

true

That children must acquire a large repertoire of scripts needed for appropriate contexts provides a natural explanation of

unevenness of development in early childhood

damage to a specific part of the brain that leads to an inability to comprehend language is known as

wernicke's aphasia