Childhood Socioemotional Development Chapter 6
Samantha can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference and can reflect on her feelings. Samantha is showing: self-esteem. externalization. self-awareness. internalization.
self awareness
If a child is being bullied, the child's BEST defense is to: fight back. tell the teacher. avoid the bully. have a strong sense of self-efficacy.
have a strong sense of self efficacy
Children who have reached concrete operations are more likely to act prosocially than younger children because they: have better skills. are kinder than younger children. are rewarded by candy for being good. are punished if they are not prosocial.
have better skills
Astrid is excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed. Astrid has _____ tendencies. regulatory altruistic internalizing externalizing
internalizing
Children who are excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed may have _____ tendencies. regulatory externalizing internalizing altruistic
internalizing
When Ellie was 4 years old, she believed that she was the fastest runner in the world. Now that she is in third grade, her view of her running abilities is most likely: more inflated. more realistic. more unrealistic. the same.
more realistic
Gender-segregated play begins during: elementary school. infancy. adolescence. preschool and increases in elementary school.
preschool and increases in elementary school
Sharing, helping, and caring actions.
prosocial behavior
Disruptive and aggressive behavior may indicate _____, while timidity and self-consciousness may indicate _____. Both show problems with _____. a, externalizing tendencies; internalizing tendencies; emotion regulation b, internalizing tendencies; externalizing tendencies; emotion regulation c, self-esteem; self-awareness; an inferiority complex d, self-awareness; self-esteem; learned helplessness
externalizing tendencies; internalizing tendencies; emotion regulation
9. Which statement is true about popular children as they move into middle school? Popular middle-school children are those who are most liked. Popular middle-school children rarely fit gender stereotypes. Popular middle-school children may not be well liked. Popular middle-school children become well-adjusted adults.
Popular middle-school children may not be well liked.
_____ is a broad label referring to acts designed to cause harm. Socialization Aggression Frustration Fear
aggression
_____ is evaluating oneself as either good or bad as a result of comparing the self to other people. Self-awareness Self-esteem Externalization Internalization
self esteem
Faila believes that if she works hard, she can do almost anything. Faila has high: self-esteem. self-awareness. assertiveness. self-efficacy.
self-efficacy
When William Corsaro went undercover as an "oversized three-year-old," he found that preschool play plots: usually centered on helping others. often centered on mastering upsetting events. did not exist. were more common among girls than boys.
often centered on mastering upsetting events
Evaluating oneself as either "good" or "bad" as a result of comparing the self to other people.
self esteem
The capacity to manage one's feelings is called: internalizing tendencies. cognitive reconstruction. emotion regulation. externalizing tendencies.
emotion regulation
A state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events, and so gives up without trying.
learned helplessness
Jason believes he is a failure at everything he does. He is timid, anxious, and does not try, even when he could succeed. Jason has developed: learned helplessness. high self-efficacy. emotion regulation. externalizing tendencies.
learned helplessness
This is a state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events and gives up without trying. industry learned helplessness inferiority self-awareness
learned helplessness
Acts designed to cause harm are called: frustration. aggression. socialization. fear.
aggression
Actions that are helpful and kind without having a personal motive are labeled: selfish. altruism. antisocial. instrumentally motivated.
altruism
When people feel guilty, they may be motivated to: apologize and reconnect with others. withdraw from others. behave aggressively. dislike others.
apologize and reconnect with others
The capacity to manage one's feelings is called: cognitive reconstruction. externalizing tendencies. emotion regulation. internalizing tendencies.
emotion regulation
Feeling the exact emotion that another person is experiencing.
empathy
Six-year-old Beth is loud, disruptive, and aggressive. Beth may have _____ tendencies. internalizing externalizing altruistic induction
externalizing
Six-year-old Beth is loud, disruptive, and aggressive. Beth may have _____ tendencies. internalizing induction altruistic externalizing
externalizing
Six-year-old Mikey gets very angry at school and will often have outbursts in class in which he yells at the teacher and knocks over his desk. Mikey has: emotional regulation. extrinsic motivation. internalizing problems. externalizing problems
externalizing problems
Disruptive and aggressive behavior may indicate: self-awareness. externalizing tendencies. internalizing tendencies. self-esteem.
externalizing tendecies
A personality style that involves acting on one's immediate impulses and behaving disruptively and aggressively.
externalizing tendencies
Arthur has _____ because he tends to act on his immediate emotions and behave aggressively. internalizing tendencies externalizing tendencies neutral tendencies emotion regulation
externalizing tendencies
Children with _____ act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively. emotion regulation externalizing tendencies internalizing tendencies neutral tendencies
externalizing tendencies
Disruptive and aggressive behavior may indicate: self-awareness. self-esteem. internalizing tendencies. externalizing tendencies.
externalizing tendencies
John is seven years old and does NOT like new social situations. Every time he and his mother are in a new situation he stays next to his mother and has even hid behind her. He is demonstrating _____ tendencies. externalizing extroverted internalizing self-awareness
internalizing
A state necessary for acting prosocially, involving feeling upset for a person who needs help.
sympathy
Peter is at the peak age for physical aggression. Peter is about age: 2 1/2. 5. 15. 10.
2 1/2
A hostile or destructive act initiated to achieve a goal.
proactive aggression
Any hostile or destructive act.
aggression
The capacity to manage one's emotional state.
emotion regulation
Why does self-esteem decline during elementary school? Children are beginning to be more disciplined. Children have developed learned helplessness. Children have reached pre-operations and are scared. Children have reached concrete operations and can realistically compare their abilities to their peers' abilities.
Children have reached concrete operations and can realistically compare their abilities to their peers' abilities.
Shame, or the feeling of being personally humiliated, may cause people to: behave in a more caring way. feel terrible about what they have done. connect with others. behave aggressively or withdraw.
behave aggressively or withdraw
Which behavior works BEST to decrease bullying? bystanders who laugh at the bullying victims who report the bully to a teacher victims who fight back bystanders who confront the bully
bystanders who confront the bully
Five-year-old Brenda is often loud, rude, aggressive, and disruptive. She probably has _____ tendencies. altruistic internalizing induction externalizing
externalizing
A feeling of being personally humiliated.
shame
Which statement about friends is false? They help insulate children from being bullied. They teach children how to relate to others. They rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures. They protect children as they venture into the world.
they rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures
. When asked why Jorge likes his friend Victor, he replies, "because we both love playing with swords." These boys are probably _____ children because they describe their friendships in terms of _____ qualities. older; external older; internal younger; external younger; internal
younger external
Which child is the LEAST likely to be prosocial? a, Grace, whose parents typically use the induction discipline style b, Khadisha, a happy child c, Rosa, a confident and outgoing child d, Lizzie, an anxious and fearful child
Lizzie, an anxious and fearful child
Rhashan, a three-year-old, is continually testing his abilities in the wider world. Josh, a second grader, is learning that he has to work for what he wants. Pick Erikson's psychosocial stages for each boy. Rhashan = industry; Josh = initiative Rhashan = self-efficacy; Josh = self-confidence Rhashan = self-awareness; Josh = self-efficacy Rhashan = initiative; Josh = industry
Rhashan = initiative; Josh = industry
John has sympathy for his friend Tom who recently went through a divorce. This means that John feels: bad for Tom, and experiences his intense distress. Tom's anxiety. Tom's anger. bad for Tom, without feeling his intense distress
bad for Tom, without feeling his intense distress
Zola, a new third-grade teacher, wants her male and female students to play together and have best friends of the opposite sex. Zola needs to understand that: boys are more willing to have female best friends. boys and girls almost never play together in elementary school. girls are more willing to have male best friends. boys and girls may play together but usually stick to their own gender for best friends.
boys and girls may play together but usually stick to their own gender for best friends
Internalizing and externalizing problems: cause social difficulties in Western cultures. cause social difficulties around the world. cause social difficulties when a culture says they are wrong. have not been measured in Eastern cultures.
cause social difficulties around the world
Internalizing and externalizing problems: have not been measured in Eastern cultures. cause social difficulties in Western cultures. cause social difficulties when a culture says they are wrong. cause social difficulties around the world.
cause social difficulties around the world
Girls' play often involves: rough-and-tumble activities. giving commands. establishing dominance. cooperating and collaborating in small groups.
cooperating and collaborating in small groups
5. Humans are biologically programmed to retaliate or strike back when thwarted. This is called the _____ hypothesis. relational-aggression instrumental-aggression reactive-aggression frustration-aggression
frustration aggression
Feeling upset about having caused harm to a person or about having violated one's internal standard of behavior.
guilt
Megan acts on her immediate impulses and behaves disruptively and aggressively. Megan: has internalizing tendencies. has externalizing tendencies. is introverted. is extroverted.
has externalizing tendencies
Eight-year-old Ahmed doesn't care about sports at all and reports that he is not a very good athlete. The fact that he is not a good athlete will _____ his self-esteem. drastically change increase decrease have little impact on
have little impact on
George feels that everyone is out to get him. George has a(n): instrumental type of aggression. pretend-type of play. hostile attributional bias. frustration-aggression bias.
hostile attributional bias
The tendency of highly aggressive children to see motives and actions as threatening when they are actually benign.
hostile attributional bias
"Imagine how hurt you would feel if your friend treated you that way." This type of child-rearing intervention is called: induction. shame inducing. altruistic. power assertion.
induction
The ideal discipline style for socializing prosocial behavior, involving getting a child who has behaved hurtfully to empathize with the pain he has caused the other person.
induction
Erik Erikson called the psychosocial task children face during elementary school: trust versus distrust. ndustry versus inferiority. integrity versus despair. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
industry versus inferiority
Erik Erikson's term for the psychosocial task of middle childhood involving managing our emotions and realizing that real-world success involves hard work.
industry versus inferiority
Children who engage in prosocial behavior have _____ skills that allow them to think about different options and then choose a prosocial action. externalizing internalizing information processing social
information processing
Four-year-old Tate is playing soccer for the first time. He is energetically chasing the ball and running around the field. Erik Erikson say's that Tate's mission is to achieve: trust. autonomy. initiative. industry.
initiative
According to Erikson, preschoolers face the challenge of: autonomy versus shame and doubt. industry versus inferiority. trust versus mistrust. initiative versus guilt.
initiative versus guilt
Erik Erikson's term for the preschool psychosocial task involving actively taking on life tasks.
initiative versus guilt
The Erikson stage during which children test their abilities such as climbing high in a tree is called: initiative versus guilt. industry versus inferiority. autonomy versus shame and doubt. trust versus mistrust.
initiative versus guilt
Astrid is excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed. Astrid has _____ tendencies. internalizing regulatory externalizing altruistic
internalizing
John is seven years old and does NOT like new social situations. Every time he and his mother are in a new situation he stays next to his mother and has even hid behind her. He is demonstrating _____ tendencies. externalizing self-awareness extroverted internalizing
internalizing
A personality style that involves intense fear, social inhibition, and often depression.
internalizing tendencies
Four-year-old Reece struggles to take risks. He is anxious and stays close to his teachers at school and his parents at home. He does not participate with the other children on the playground. Erik Erikson might say that Reece is struggling to achieve: trust. industry. identity. initiative.
intiative
When William Corsaro went undercover as an "oversized three-year-old," he found that preschool play plots: were more common among girls than boys. usually centered on helping others. did not exist. often centered on mastering upsetting events.
often centered on mastering upsetting events
Research in your text suggests that highly prosocial behavior during the preschool years; predicts prosocial behavior in adulthood. doesn't predict prosocial behavior in adulthood. is negatively correlated with prosocial behavior in adulthood. predicts of learned helplessness in adulthood.
predicts prosocial behavior in adulthood
A hostile or destructive act carried out in response to being frustrated or hurt is _____ aggression. proactive physical relational reactive
reactive
A hostile or destructive act carried out in response to being frustrated or hurt.
reactive aggression
Thomas tends to discount his academic failures and blame others for his problems. Thomas's teachers should: a, focus just on reinforcing him for what he does well. b, reinforce his successes and gently provide accurate feedback about his failures. c, point out his failures. d, tell him he is a terrific kid.
reinforce his successes and gently provide accurate feedback about his failures
Eleven-year-old Sarah loves to tattle on her older sister. Last week, Sarah told her sister's boyfriend that her sister had kissed another boy. Sarah showed _____ aggression. hostile relational instrumental reactive
relational
A hostile or destructive act designed to cause harm to a person's relationships.
relational aggression
Samantha can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference and is able to reflect on her feelings. Samantha has: internalizing tendencies. externalizing tendencies. self-awareness. self-esteem.
self awareness
The ability to observe our abilities and actions from an outside frame of reference and to reflect on our inner state.
self awareness
Faila believes that if she works hard, she can do almost anything. Faila has high: self-awareness. self-esteem. assertiveness. self-efficacy.
self efficacy
Collaborative pretend play involves _____, and develops around age _____. a child pretending with a parent; 2 two children fantasizing together; 2 two children fantasizing together; 4 a child pretending with a parent; 4
two children fantasizing together; 4
Collaborative pretend play involves _____, and develops around age _____. a child pretending with a parent; 2 two children fantasizing together; 4 two children fantasizing together; 2 a child pretending with a parent; 4
two children fantasizing together; 4