Childhood Socioemotional Development Chapter 6

Samantha can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference and can reflect on her feelings. Samantha is showing: self-esteem. externalization. self-awareness. internalization.

self awareness

If a child is being bullied, the child's BEST defense is to: fight back. tell the teacher. avoid the bully. have a strong sense of self-efficacy.

have a strong sense of self efficacy

Children who have reached concrete operations are more likely to act prosocially than younger children because they: have better skills. are kinder than younger children. are rewarded by candy for being good. are punished if they are not prosocial.

have better skills

Astrid is excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed. Astrid has _____ tendencies. regulatory altruistic internalizing externalizing

internalizing

Children who are excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed may have _____ tendencies. regulatory externalizing internalizing altruistic

internalizing

When Ellie was 4 years old, she believed that she was the fastest runner in the world. Now that she is in third grade, her view of her running abilities is most likely: more inflated. more realistic. more unrealistic. the same.

more realistic

Gender-segregated play begins during: elementary school. infancy. adolescence. preschool and increases in elementary school.

preschool and increases in elementary school

Sharing, helping, and caring actions.

prosocial behavior

Disruptive and aggressive behavior may indicate _____, while timidity and self-consciousness may indicate _____. Both show problems with _____. a, externalizing tendencies; internalizing tendencies; emotion regulation b, internalizing tendencies; externalizing tendencies; emotion regulation c, self-esteem; self-awareness; an inferiority complex d, self-awareness; self-esteem; learned helplessness

externalizing tendencies; internalizing tendencies; emotion regulation

9. Which statement is true about popular children as they move into middle school? Popular middle-school children are those who are most liked. Popular middle-school children rarely fit gender stereotypes. Popular middle-school children may not be well liked. Popular middle-school children become well-adjusted adults.

Popular middle-school children may not be well liked.

_____ is a broad label referring to acts designed to cause harm. Socialization Aggression Frustration Fear

aggression

_____ is evaluating oneself as either good or bad as a result of comparing the self to other people. Self-awareness Self-esteem Externalization Internalization

self esteem

Faila believes that if she works hard, she can do almost anything. Faila has high: self-esteem. self-awareness. assertiveness. self-efficacy.

self-efficacy

When William Corsaro went undercover as an "oversized three-year-old," he found that preschool play plots: usually centered on helping others. often centered on mastering upsetting events. did not exist. were more common among girls than boys.

often centered on mastering upsetting events

Evaluating oneself as either "good" or "bad" as a result of comparing the self to other people.

self esteem

The capacity to manage one's feelings is called: internalizing tendencies. cognitive reconstruction. emotion regulation. externalizing tendencies.

emotion regulation

A state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events, and so gives up without trying.

learned helplessness

Jason believes he is a failure at everything he does. He is timid, anxious, and does not try, even when he could succeed. Jason has developed: learned helplessness. high self-efficacy. emotion regulation. externalizing tendencies.

learned helplessness

This is a state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events and gives up without trying. industry learned helplessness inferiority self-awareness

learned helplessness

Acts designed to cause harm are called: frustration. aggression. socialization. fear.

aggression

Actions that are helpful and kind without having a personal motive are labeled: selfish. altruism. antisocial. instrumentally motivated.

altruism

When people feel guilty, they may be motivated to: apologize and reconnect with others. withdraw from others. behave aggressively. dislike others.

apologize and reconnect with others

The capacity to manage one's feelings is called: cognitive reconstruction. externalizing tendencies. emotion regulation. internalizing tendencies.

emotion regulation

Feeling the exact emotion that another person is experiencing.

empathy

Six-year-old Beth is loud, disruptive, and aggressive. Beth may have _____ tendencies. internalizing externalizing altruistic induction

externalizing

Six-year-old Beth is loud, disruptive, and aggressive. Beth may have _____ tendencies. internalizing induction altruistic externalizing

externalizing

Six-year-old Mikey gets very angry at school and will often have outbursts in class in which he yells at the teacher and knocks over his desk. Mikey has: emotional regulation. extrinsic motivation. internalizing problems. externalizing problems

externalizing problems

Disruptive and aggressive behavior may indicate: self-awareness. externalizing tendencies. internalizing tendencies. self-esteem.

externalizing tendecies

A personality style that involves acting on one's immediate impulses and behaving disruptively and aggressively.

externalizing tendencies

Arthur has _____ because he tends to act on his immediate emotions and behave aggressively. internalizing tendencies externalizing tendencies neutral tendencies emotion regulation

externalizing tendencies

Children with _____ act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively. emotion regulation externalizing tendencies internalizing tendencies neutral tendencies

externalizing tendencies

Disruptive and aggressive behavior may indicate: self-awareness. self-esteem. internalizing tendencies. externalizing tendencies.

externalizing tendencies

John is seven years old and does NOT like new social situations. Every time he and his mother are in a new situation he stays next to his mother and has even hid behind her. He is demonstrating _____ tendencies. externalizing extroverted internalizing self-awareness

internalizing

A state necessary for acting prosocially, involving feeling upset for a person who needs help.

sympathy

Peter is at the peak age for physical aggression. Peter is about age: 2 1/2. 5. 15. 10.

2 1/2

A hostile or destructive act initiated to achieve a goal.

proactive aggression

Any hostile or destructive act.

aggression

The capacity to manage one's emotional state.

emotion regulation

Why does self-esteem decline during elementary school? Children are beginning to be more disciplined. Children have developed learned helplessness. Children have reached pre-operations and are scared. Children have reached concrete operations and can realistically compare their abilities to their peers' abilities.

Children have reached concrete operations and can realistically compare their abilities to their peers' abilities.

Shame, or the feeling of being personally humiliated, may cause people to: behave in a more caring way. feel terrible about what they have done. connect with others. behave aggressively or withdraw.

behave aggressively or withdraw

Which behavior works BEST to decrease bullying? bystanders who laugh at the bullying victims who report the bully to a teacher victims who fight back bystanders who confront the bully

bystanders who confront the bully

Five-year-old Brenda is often loud, rude, aggressive, and disruptive. She probably has _____ tendencies. altruistic internalizing induction externalizing

externalizing

A feeling of being personally humiliated.

shame

Which statement about friends is false? They help insulate children from being bullied. They teach children how to relate to others. They rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures. They protect children as they venture into the world.

they rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures

. When asked why Jorge likes his friend Victor, he replies, "because we both love playing with swords." These boys are probably _____ children because they describe their friendships in terms of _____ qualities. older; external older; internal younger; external younger; internal

younger external

Which child is the LEAST likely to be prosocial? a, Grace, whose parents typically use the induction discipline style b, Khadisha, a happy child c, Rosa, a confident and outgoing child d, Lizzie, an anxious and fearful child

Lizzie, an anxious and fearful child

Rhashan, a three-year-old, is continually testing his abilities in the wider world. Josh, a second grader, is learning that he has to work for what he wants. Pick Erikson's psychosocial stages for each boy. Rhashan = industry; Josh = initiative Rhashan = self-efficacy; Josh = self-confidence Rhashan = self-awareness; Josh = self-efficacy Rhashan = initiative; Josh = industry

Rhashan = initiative; Josh = industry

John has sympathy for his friend Tom who recently went through a divorce. This means that John feels: bad for Tom, and experiences his intense distress. Tom's anxiety. Tom's anger. bad for Tom, without feeling his intense distress

bad for Tom, without feeling his intense distress

Zola, a new third-grade teacher, wants her male and female students to play together and have best friends of the opposite sex. Zola needs to understand that: boys are more willing to have female best friends. boys and girls almost never play together in elementary school. girls are more willing to have male best friends. boys and girls may play together but usually stick to their own gender for best friends.

boys and girls may play together but usually stick to their own gender for best friends

Internalizing and externalizing problems: cause social difficulties in Western cultures. cause social difficulties around the world. cause social difficulties when a culture says they are wrong. have not been measured in Eastern cultures.

cause social difficulties around the world

Internalizing and externalizing problems: have not been measured in Eastern cultures. cause social difficulties in Western cultures. cause social difficulties when a culture says they are wrong. cause social difficulties around the world.

cause social difficulties around the world

Girls' play often involves: rough-and-tumble activities. giving commands. establishing dominance. cooperating and collaborating in small groups.

cooperating and collaborating in small groups

5. Humans are biologically programmed to retaliate or strike back when thwarted. This is called the _____ hypothesis. relational-aggression instrumental-aggression reactive-aggression frustration-aggression

frustration aggression

Feeling upset about having caused harm to a person or about having violated one's internal standard of behavior.

guilt

Megan acts on her immediate impulses and behaves disruptively and aggressively. Megan: has internalizing tendencies. has externalizing tendencies. is introverted. is extroverted.

has externalizing tendencies

Eight-year-old Ahmed doesn't care about sports at all and reports that he is not a very good athlete. The fact that he is not a good athlete will _____ his self-esteem. drastically change increase decrease have little impact on

have little impact on

George feels that everyone is out to get him. George has a(n): instrumental type of aggression. pretend-type of play. hostile attributional bias. frustration-aggression bias.

hostile attributional bias

The tendency of highly aggressive children to see motives and actions as threatening when they are actually benign.

hostile attributional bias

"Imagine how hurt you would feel if your friend treated you that way." This type of child-rearing intervention is called: induction. shame inducing. altruistic. power assertion.

induction

The ideal discipline style for socializing prosocial behavior, involving getting a child who has behaved hurtfully to empathize with the pain he has caused the other person.

induction

Erik Erikson called the psychosocial task children face during elementary school: trust versus distrust. ndustry versus inferiority. integrity versus despair. autonomy versus shame and doubt.

industry versus inferiority

Erik Erikson's term for the psychosocial task of middle childhood involving managing our emotions and realizing that real-world success involves hard work.

industry versus inferiority

Children who engage in prosocial behavior have _____ skills that allow them to think about different options and then choose a prosocial action. externalizing internalizing information processing social

information processing

Four-year-old Tate is playing soccer for the first time. He is energetically chasing the ball and running around the field. Erik Erikson say's that Tate's mission is to achieve: trust. autonomy. initiative. industry.

initiative

According to Erikson, preschoolers face the challenge of: autonomy versus shame and doubt. industry versus inferiority. trust versus mistrust. initiative versus guilt.

initiative versus guilt

Erik Erikson's term for the preschool psychosocial task involving actively taking on life tasks.

initiative versus guilt

The Erikson stage during which children test their abilities such as climbing high in a tree is called: initiative versus guilt. industry versus inferiority. autonomy versus shame and doubt. trust versus mistrust.

initiative versus guilt

Astrid is excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed. Astrid has _____ tendencies. internalizing regulatory externalizing altruistic

internalizing

John is seven years old and does NOT like new social situations. Every time he and his mother are in a new situation he stays next to his mother and has even hid behind her. He is demonstrating _____ tendencies. externalizing self-awareness extroverted internalizing

internalizing

A personality style that involves intense fear, social inhibition, and often depression.

internalizing tendencies

Four-year-old Reece struggles to take risks. He is anxious and stays close to his teachers at school and his parents at home. He does not participate with the other children on the playground. Erik Erikson might say that Reece is struggling to achieve: trust. industry. identity. initiative.

intiative

When William Corsaro went undercover as an "oversized three-year-old," he found that preschool play plots: were more common among girls than boys. usually centered on helping others. did not exist. often centered on mastering upsetting events.

often centered on mastering upsetting events

Research in your text suggests that highly prosocial behavior during the preschool years; predicts prosocial behavior in adulthood. doesn't predict prosocial behavior in adulthood. is negatively correlated with prosocial behavior in adulthood. predicts of learned helplessness in adulthood.

predicts prosocial behavior in adulthood

A hostile or destructive act carried out in response to being frustrated or hurt is _____ aggression. proactive physical relational reactive

reactive

A hostile or destructive act carried out in response to being frustrated or hurt.

reactive aggression

Thomas tends to discount his academic failures and blame others for his problems. Thomas's teachers should: a, focus just on reinforcing him for what he does well. b, reinforce his successes and gently provide accurate feedback about his failures. c, point out his failures. d, tell him he is a terrific kid.

reinforce his successes and gently provide accurate feedback about his failures

Eleven-year-old Sarah loves to tattle on her older sister. Last week, Sarah told her sister's boyfriend that her sister had kissed another boy. Sarah showed _____ aggression. hostile relational instrumental reactive

relational

A hostile or destructive act designed to cause harm to a person's relationships.

relational aggression

Samantha can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference and is able to reflect on her feelings. Samantha has: internalizing tendencies. externalizing tendencies. self-awareness. self-esteem.

self awareness

The ability to observe our abilities and actions from an outside frame of reference and to reflect on our inner state.

self awareness

Faila believes that if she works hard, she can do almost anything. Faila has high: self-awareness. self-esteem. assertiveness. self-efficacy.

self efficacy

Collaborative pretend play involves _____, and develops around age _____. a child pretending with a parent; 2 two children fantasizing together; 2 two children fantasizing together; 4 a child pretending with a parent; 4

two children fantasizing together; 4

Collaborative pretend play involves _____, and develops around age _____. a child pretending with a parent; 2 two children fantasizing together; 4 two children fantasizing together; 2 a child pretending with a parent; 4

two children fantasizing together; 4