China's One Child Policy

What are the negative effects of the One Child Policy

Women forced to have late abortions Pressure from 'Granny Police' Gender imbalance: Boys preferred (135:100) Female infanticide Children over-indulged: Little Emperors

What is the salary (percentage) cut for having more than 1 child?

10% cut

What are some of the penalties if families have more than 1 child?

10% salary cut Family must pay for education and health care for all of the family Second children born abroad are not allowed to become Chinese citizens

What is the ratio of boys to girls as a result of the One Child Policy?

135:100

When was it introduced?

1979

Average Number of births has decreased from ___ to ___

2.9 to 1.7

Number of births prevented

400 million

How much of a salary rise would a couple receive as an incentive for having 1 child?

5-10% rise

What are some incentives/benefits to a family if they follow the policy?

5-10% salary rise Priority housing and pension Free education Longer maternity leave

In rural areas, how does the policy differ?

A second pregnancy is allowed if the first child is a girl because a son is more essential to farm the land

Why are people living in the countryside allowed to have more than one child?

Demand for agricultural products: Children are required to work on the land.

Why can ethnic minorities can have more than one child?

Ethnic minorities make up a very small proportion, so would not make a big difference. These ethnic minorities do not contribute much to the economic growth of the country.

Why was it introduced?

Famine from 1959 to 1961: 35 million deaths Less farming and baby boom looked likely that another Famine would occur in 1970s Government introduced One Child Policy

What were some of the terms stated in the initial One-Child policy?

Must not marry until late 20s Must only have 1 successful pregnancy Must be sterilised or abort future pregnancies Would receive a 5-10% salary rise for limiting family to 1 child Would receive priority housing, pension and family benefits: free education

Granny Police

Older women of the community who enforced the One Child Policy by keeping a close eye on couples of a childbearing age

What were some of the changes made to the One child Policy in the 1990s

Only child couples can have to have 2 children People living in the countryside can have more than one child Ethnic minorities can have more than one child

What is the ethnic group that is exempt from the One Child policy?

Han race

What are the positive effects of the One Child Policy

Has prevented up to 400 million births Fertility rate has decreased from 5.7 to 1.8 Prevented famine: There is enough food and jobs Increased standard of living Families are richer due to Government incentives

What is the minimum age a couple can marry under the One Child Policy?

Late 20s

Why are only-child couples allowed to have more than one child?

The family unit may die out. To balance the population and reduce ageing population. The dependency ratio may become too high

Why is there less gender imbalance more recently?

The status of women in society is higher, so people are not so desperate for a male child