CHM Unit 8 Polymers

plasticizers

-PVC commonly conatins plasticizers -disrupt the regular packing of polymer molecules

hdpe

-exhibits a highly ordered molecular structure -has a slightly higher density, -greater rigidity, -more strength - higher melting point than LDPE.

different forms of polystyrene

-expandable -crystal

hdpe

-high-density polyethylene plastic; -commonly used for milk containers and soft drink bottles -linear chain -egg cartons/foam

addition

5 of the big 6 undergo ____ polymerization

natural; amino acids

A protein is a ____ polymer made up of monomers called ____

endocrine disruptors

Chemicals that disrupt normal hormone functions

natural

DNA is a ____ polymer

electrons

Dispersion forces arise in a polymer because each atom in the long polymeric chain contains _____

t

In vinyl chloride, one of the H atoms of ethylene is replaced by a Cl atom. Similarly, in propylene, one of the H atoms of ethylene is replaced by a methyl group (-CH3).

phenyl

The _____ group consists of six carbon atoms arranged to form a hexagon:

intermolecular

These ________ forces differ from the covalent bonds that exist within molecules arising from shared pairs of electrons

polymer

a chemical compound that is in the form of long, repeating chains

condensation polymerization

a process in which the monomers join by releasing (eliminating) a small molecule, usually water.

t

all big 6 are thermoplastic polymers

carboxylic acid; amine

an amino acid contains a ___ and ____

monomers

are the small molecules used to synthesize polymers

monomers

at least 2 or more ____ are required to form a copolymer

shifting baseline

change in what people expect as "normal"

plasticizers

compounds that are added in small amounts to polymers to make them softer and more pliable.

London dispersion forces

describe the attractive forces holding hydrocarbons together, which give rise to their varying boiling points

functional groups

distinctive arrangements of groups of atoms that impart characteristic chemical properties to the molecules that contain them

blowing agent

either a gas or a substance capable of producing a gas to manufacture a foamed plastic.

silicones

inorganic polymers composed of a backbone of alternating Si and O atoms are called ___

ldpe

low-density polyethylene plastic -most commonly used in grocery bags. -food wrap -branched

crude oil

most polymers come from a single raw material: _____ ___

t

not all polymers are plastic. some polymers are natural

plastic in landfills

not readily biodegradable

the big six

polyethylene (low- and high-density), polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate.

plastic

sometimes used as a synonym for synthetic polymer (incorrectly)

dispersion

the intermolecular forces that cause polyethylene to be a solid material are ____ forces

length

the physical properties of a polymer can be drastically altered by changing the ____ of the polymer chain

branching

the properties of LDPE can be changed drastically by modifying the extent and location of ____ on the polyethylene chain

biological

the waste most produced in the US is of _____ origin

source reduction

uses less material and less waste

ethylene

vinyl chloride, propylene, and styrene undergo addition polymerization, just like _____

three monomers closely related to ethylene

vinyl chloride, propylene, and styrene.

thermoplastic polymers

with heat, they can be melted and reshaped over and over again