CHM1020C Dillon FSU Exam 1

What is a homogeneous mixture and an example?

(Also called a pure substance) Components are uniformly distributed and cannot be discerned from another Air

What is soil and mineral evidence?

All items containing soil or minerals that could link a person or object to a crime location

What is a photon?

An energy particle that is absorbed or emitted and thus light is absorbed or emitted

What is Precision?

How carefully a measurement was made

What is Accuracy?

How close a measured value is to the true value

What will the number of electrons in an atom tell you?

How it will react, and determines the charge

What is Trace Evidence?

Microscopic physical evidence (body fluids, paint, glass, hair, soil, dust)

What are protons?

Much larger and heavier than electrons and have a positive charge

What does the atomic mass consist of?

Neutrons plus protons

What are Monatomic elements?

Noble gasses

What is an Intensive physical property?

Not dependent on the amount of substance present

What is Reconstructive Evidence?

Notes that are taken at the crime scene about the preceding, occurring during, and after the commission of the crime. (Observations, logic, evaluation of witness statements)

What is an anion?

Number of electrons is greater than the number of protons

What is a cation?

Number of electrons is less than the number of protons

What is Qualitative Data?

Observations investigators make. (surveying witnesses, pictures of a crime scene)

What are controls?

Rules that we impose on the tests so the experiment will be reproducible.

What unit should you use when measuring time?

Seconds

What is Derived quantities?

Seven base quantities via a system of quantity equations

What are covalent bonds?

Share electrons

What two chemicals is anything expected to have arsenic treated in?

Zinc and Sulfuric Acid

What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis needs to be logical, must use precise language and should be testable with research or experimentation Can be a positive or negative statement

What is Chemical Evidence?

Drugs, paints, petroleum products, powder residues, and physiological fluids

What is the only place where mass and weight are interchangeable?

Earth

What particle is the smallest of the atomic particles?

Electron

What hold molecules together?

Electrons

What is all matter composed of?

Elements

What is photographic evidence?

Excellent photographic enlargement can be used as evidence to reveal fingerprints, and impressions

What is weapon evidence?

Guns, knives, plastic bags, pillows, bottles.

What is a liquid?

Has a defined volume but assumes the shape of its container

What is a solid?

Has defined shape and volume

What is a gas?

Has neither defined shape or volume

What are ionic bonds?

Held together by difference in charge

Higher the atomic number...

...the more amount of shell and electrons

1 MILLIgram

.001 gram

1 CENTIgram

.01 gram

1 DECIgram

.1 gram

Meter

1

What is a Protium?

1 proton, 0 neutron

What is a Deuterium?

1 proton, 1 neutron

What is a Tritium?

1 proton, 2 neutrons

What are the important facts about Kelvin

1. Absolute temperature scale 2. Absolute zero is 0 K 3. Triple Point of water is -273.15 K

What are John Dalton's postulates?

1. All matter is made of atoms 2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties 3. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms 4. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement at atoms

What are the four Bohr principles?

1. Electrons assume only certain orbits around the nucleus 2. Each orbit has an energy associated with it 3. Light is emitted when an electron jumps from a high orbit to a lower orbit. Light is absorbed when it jumps from a lower orbit to a higher orbit 4. The energy and frequency of light emitted or absorbed is given by the difference between the two orbits.

What advances in forensics did Song Ci make?

1. He discovered the difference between drowning and strangulation 2. Determined the difference between murder, suicide, and accident

What are the differences between mass and weight?

1. Mass is amount something contains, weight is a measure of the gravitational pull 2. Mass is measured using a balance, weight is measured on a scale 3. Mass never changed, weight changes on location

Who is Neils Bohr?

1. Started the structure of the element 2. Specific energy levels 3. Said electrons were located around the nucleus

Deka

10

Hecto

100

Kilo

1000

How many elements on the periodic table?

118

When could Arsenic finally be detected?

1700s

What is the value of a Mole?

6.022 X 10 to the 23

What is Botanical evidence?

Any fragments of wood, sawdust, shavings, or vegetative matter discovered on clothing, shoes, or tolls that could link a person or object to a crime loacation

What is document evidence?

Any handwriting or typewriting submitted so that authenticity or source can be determined

What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up volume

What is an Error?

Anything that lessens a measurement's accuracy or precision

What are neutrons?

Are large and heavy like protons have no electrical charge

What are Shells?

Areas where electrons are most likely able to be found in the cloud

What can the Marsh test detect?

Arsenic, Antimony, and Germanium

How do you find the number of neutrons?

Atomic Mass- Protons

What unit do you use to measure Luminous Intensity?

Candela

What three units are used to measure temperature?

Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit

What is the one way chemical properties can be determined?

Chemical reaction

When and where was the first written account of Forensics?

China 1248

What is Quantitative Data?

Collection of numbers. (Raw counts and measurements)

How is matter defined?

Composition, what it is made of chemically

What are some examples of intensive properties?

Density, pressure, temperature, color

What is an extensive property?

Depends on the amount of substance present

What is wavelength?

Distance between crests and troughs of a wave motion

Who is Democritus?

Hypothesized all matter is composed of tiny indestructible units, called atoms

What is Biological evidence?

Identification of human tissues constitute the focus of forensic biology. (Blood, semen, saliva, hair)

Firearm and tool mark evidence?

Impressions left when one tool marks against another such as the ballistic markings on a bullet.

Where are neutrons located?

In the nucleus

Where are protons located?

In the nucleus

What is a heterogeneous mixture and an example?

Individual components of a mixture are identifiable Salad

What unit should you use when measuring length?

Meter

What is Chemistry?

Is the study of composition, properties, and behavior of matter.

What unit should you use when measuring temperature?

Kelvin

What unit should you use when measuring mass?

Kilogram

When someone was poisoned what test was used?

Marsh Test

What are some examples of extensive properties?

Mass, length, weight

What are examples of extensive properties?

Mass, weight, volume, length

What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can be measured and weighed.

What is a Candela

Measure unit of how bright/strong the light being produced by a source may be

What are the two properties of matter?

Physical and Chemical

What is Fingerprint Evidence?

Prints both latent (invisible) and patent (visible)

Who was the investigator for the case in China with the sickle?

Song Ci

What are the two broad types of evidence?

Testimonial and Physical

What is a Mole?

The amount of entities equal to the number of atoms in .012 grams of carbon

Where are electrons located?

The cloud around the nucleus

What is an Isotope?

The number of neutrons is different for the atoms of an element

What is frequency?

The number of occurrences of a repeating even per unit time

What is the atomic number?

The number of protons

What are electrons?

Tiny, light particles, that have a negative electrical charge

What is Impression Evidence?

Tire markings, shoe prints, depressions in soft soil, bite marks)

What is an Ampere?

Travels at 1 coulomb per secound

What is absorbadance?

When an electron moves from one energy level to another and GAINS energy

What is emittance?

When an electron moves from one energy level to another and LOSSES energy

What is an Ion?

When the number of electrons is greater or less than the number of protons

When is an atom neutral?

When the number of protons and electrons is the same