CHM1020C Dillon FSU Exam 1
What is a homogeneous mixture and an example?
(Also called a pure substance) Components are uniformly distributed and cannot be discerned from another Air
What is soil and mineral evidence?
All items containing soil or minerals that could link a person or object to a crime location
What is a photon?
An energy particle that is absorbed or emitted and thus light is absorbed or emitted
What is Precision?
How carefully a measurement was made
What is Accuracy?
How close a measured value is to the true value
What will the number of electrons in an atom tell you?
How it will react, and determines the charge
What is Trace Evidence?
Microscopic physical evidence (body fluids, paint, glass, hair, soil, dust)
What are protons?
Much larger and heavier than electrons and have a positive charge
What does the atomic mass consist of?
Neutrons plus protons
What are Monatomic elements?
Noble gasses
What is an Intensive physical property?
Not dependent on the amount of substance present
What is Reconstructive Evidence?
Notes that are taken at the crime scene about the preceding, occurring during, and after the commission of the crime. (Observations, logic, evaluation of witness statements)
What is an anion?
Number of electrons is greater than the number of protons
What is a cation?
Number of electrons is less than the number of protons
What is Qualitative Data?
Observations investigators make. (surveying witnesses, pictures of a crime scene)
What are controls?
Rules that we impose on the tests so the experiment will be reproducible.
What unit should you use when measuring time?
Seconds
What is Derived quantities?
Seven base quantities via a system of quantity equations
What are covalent bonds?
Share electrons
What two chemicals is anything expected to have arsenic treated in?
Zinc and Sulfuric Acid
What is a hypothesis?
A hypothesis needs to be logical, must use precise language and should be testable with research or experimentation Can be a positive or negative statement
What is Chemical Evidence?
Drugs, paints, petroleum products, powder residues, and physiological fluids
What is the only place where mass and weight are interchangeable?
Earth
What particle is the smallest of the atomic particles?
Electron
What hold molecules together?
Electrons
What is all matter composed of?
Elements
What is photographic evidence?
Excellent photographic enlargement can be used as evidence to reveal fingerprints, and impressions
What is weapon evidence?
Guns, knives, plastic bags, pillows, bottles.
What is a liquid?
Has a defined volume but assumes the shape of its container
What is a solid?
Has defined shape and volume
What is a gas?
Has neither defined shape or volume
What are ionic bonds?
Held together by difference in charge
Higher the atomic number...
...the more amount of shell and electrons
1 MILLIgram
.001 gram
1 CENTIgram
.01 gram
1 DECIgram
.1 gram
Meter
1
What is a Protium?
1 proton, 0 neutron
What is a Deuterium?
1 proton, 1 neutron
What is a Tritium?
1 proton, 2 neutrons
What are the important facts about Kelvin
1. Absolute temperature scale 2. Absolute zero is 0 K 3. Triple Point of water is -273.15 K
What are John Dalton's postulates?
1. All matter is made of atoms 2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties 3. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms 4. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement at atoms
What are the four Bohr principles?
1. Electrons assume only certain orbits around the nucleus 2. Each orbit has an energy associated with it 3. Light is emitted when an electron jumps from a high orbit to a lower orbit. Light is absorbed when it jumps from a lower orbit to a higher orbit 4. The energy and frequency of light emitted or absorbed is given by the difference between the two orbits.
What advances in forensics did Song Ci make?
1. He discovered the difference between drowning and strangulation 2. Determined the difference between murder, suicide, and accident
What are the differences between mass and weight?
1. Mass is amount something contains, weight is a measure of the gravitational pull 2. Mass is measured using a balance, weight is measured on a scale 3. Mass never changed, weight changes on location
Who is Neils Bohr?
1. Started the structure of the element 2. Specific energy levels 3. Said electrons were located around the nucleus
Deka
10
Hecto
100
Kilo
1000
How many elements on the periodic table?
118
When could Arsenic finally be detected?
1700s
What is the value of a Mole?
6.022 X 10 to the 23
What is Botanical evidence?
Any fragments of wood, sawdust, shavings, or vegetative matter discovered on clothing, shoes, or tolls that could link a person or object to a crime loacation
What is document evidence?
Any handwriting or typewriting submitted so that authenticity or source can be determined
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up volume
What is an Error?
Anything that lessens a measurement's accuracy or precision
What are neutrons?
Are large and heavy like protons have no electrical charge
What are Shells?
Areas where electrons are most likely able to be found in the cloud
What can the Marsh test detect?
Arsenic, Antimony, and Germanium
How do you find the number of neutrons?
Atomic Mass- Protons
What unit do you use to measure Luminous Intensity?
Candela
What three units are used to measure temperature?
Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit
What is the one way chemical properties can be determined?
Chemical reaction
When and where was the first written account of Forensics?
China 1248
What is Quantitative Data?
Collection of numbers. (Raw counts and measurements)
How is matter defined?
Composition, what it is made of chemically
What are some examples of intensive properties?
Density, pressure, temperature, color
What is an extensive property?
Depends on the amount of substance present
What is wavelength?
Distance between crests and troughs of a wave motion
Who is Democritus?
Hypothesized all matter is composed of tiny indestructible units, called atoms
What is Biological evidence?
Identification of human tissues constitute the focus of forensic biology. (Blood, semen, saliva, hair)
Firearm and tool mark evidence?
Impressions left when one tool marks against another such as the ballistic markings on a bullet.
Where are neutrons located?
In the nucleus
Where are protons located?
In the nucleus
What is a heterogeneous mixture and an example?
Individual components of a mixture are identifiable Salad
What unit should you use when measuring length?
Meter
What is Chemistry?
Is the study of composition, properties, and behavior of matter.
What unit should you use when measuring temperature?
Kelvin
What unit should you use when measuring mass?
Kilogram
When someone was poisoned what test was used?
Marsh Test
What are some examples of extensive properties?
Mass, length, weight
What are examples of extensive properties?
Mass, weight, volume, length
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It can be measured and weighed.
What is a Candela
Measure unit of how bright/strong the light being produced by a source may be
What are the two properties of matter?
Physical and Chemical
What is Fingerprint Evidence?
Prints both latent (invisible) and patent (visible)
Who was the investigator for the case in China with the sickle?
Song Ci
What are the two broad types of evidence?
Testimonial and Physical
What is a Mole?
The amount of entities equal to the number of atoms in .012 grams of carbon
Where are electrons located?
The cloud around the nucleus
What is an Isotope?
The number of neutrons is different for the atoms of an element
What is frequency?
The number of occurrences of a repeating even per unit time
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons
What are electrons?
Tiny, light particles, that have a negative electrical charge
What is Impression Evidence?
Tire markings, shoe prints, depressions in soft soil, bite marks)
What is an Ampere?
Travels at 1 coulomb per secound
What is absorbadance?
When an electron moves from one energy level to another and GAINS energy
What is emittance?
When an electron moves from one energy level to another and LOSSES energy
What is an Ion?
When the number of electrons is greater or less than the number of protons
When is an atom neutral?
When the number of protons and electrons is the same