Chp. 10- Emotional Development (Temperament & Attachment)

Which is a basic emotion? a. anger b. pride c. embarrassment

Anger

What is the first negative emotion to appear in infants and when?

Anger emerges from generalized distress at 4-6 months of age

Which of the following statements accurately describes links between temperament and other aspects of development? a. Children with a difficult temperament always have behavioral problems b.Anxious children are more likely to comply with a parent's rules and requests. c. Children who are less skilled in regulating emotions and behavior are prone to problems in adolescence but not in adulthood.

Anxious children are more likely to comply with a parent's rules and requests.

When can infants first identify emotions in others?

As early as 4 months and definitely by 6 months

Select the statement that correctly describes influences on the quality of attachment. a. Secure attachment is most likely when parents are sensitive and responsive. b. When children are in day care, they are less likely to develop a secure attachment relationship c. Secure and preoccupied adults are most likely to develop secure attachment relationships with their children

Secure attachment is most likely when parents are sensitive and responsive.

Emotion is a fundamental element of Temperament. T OR F?

TRUE

What is the difference between US and Japan children?

US children are more likely to show pride in an personal achievement whereas japanese kids show embarrassment of a public display of personal achievement.

Which of the following statements about emotion regulation is correct? a. When children are less skilled in regulating their emotions, they tend to be less popular with peers. b. Infants are unable to regulate their emotions. c. School age children and adolescents are relatively more skilled at regulating emotions, mainly because they no longer resort to cognitive strategies.

When children are less skilled in regulating their emotions, they tend to be less popular with peers.

Can culture influence when and how much children express emotion?

Yes

Which of the following is not one of the temperamental dimensions proposed by Rothbart? a. effortful control. b. activity c. negative affec

activity

Social smiles

appears at about 2-3 months of age. infants smile when they see another person

Compared with children who have secure attachment relationships, children with insecure attachment relationships? a. have higher quality friendships b. are more prone to anxiety and aggressive behavior c. do not differ

are more prone to anxiety and aggressive behavior

Stranger wariness

at 6 months of age infants become wary in the presence of an unfamiliar adult -fear emerges later in the first year

When Emma is upset, her mom can soothe her more quickly than other people can, even though emma savors attention from lots of people. Shes still comfortable with strangers. Which of Bowlby's stages of attachment best describe Emma? a. preattachment b. attachment in the making c. true attachment

attachment in the making

Modern Theory on Temperament

by Mary K Rothbart 3 Dimensions: (not indepedent) Surgency/extraversion: the extent to which a child is generally happy, vocal, seeking interesting stimulation Negative affect: extent to which a child is angry, fearful, frustrated, and shy Effortful control: the extent to which a child can focus attention, is not readily distract, and can inhibit responses Conclusion: structure of temperament is the same in many cultures

Display rules

culturally specific standards for appropriate expressions of emotion in a particular setting or with a particular person or persons -children learn these as they develop

Hannah is happy, usually adjusts well to new situations and has regular routines for eating and sleeping. Hannah fits in which of the temperamental categories described by Thomas and Cass? a. easy b. slow to warm up c. difficult

easy

According to the evolutionary perspective, attachment...? a. evolved to increase the infants odds of survival b. is learned through reinforcement an punishment c. has no adaptive value

evolved to increase the infants odds of survival

Basic emotions

experienced by people worldwide, and each consists of three elements: a subjective feeling, a physiological change, and an overt behavior. examples: anger, happiness, surprise, disgust, fear

The impact of heredity....

increases with age: temperament in childhood is more influenced by heredity than temperament in infancy

Social Referencing

infants in an unfamiliar or ambiguous enviornment often look at their mother or father as if searching for cues to help them interpret the situation -shows infants are skilled in using other peoples emotions to help them direct their own behavior

Self-conscious emotions

involve feelings of success when one's standards or expectations are met and feelings of failure when they aren't. -complex emotions like pride, shame, guilt -at 18 to 24 months of age bc depend on child having understanding of self, which develops at 15-18 months

Temperament... a. is moderately stable in infancy but becomes less stable in the preschool years b. is linked to personality directly and indirectly c. is stable from infancy through adulthood

is linked to personality directly and indirectly

Compared with US children, Asian children are? a. more likely to express emotions outwardly b. more likely to be embarrassed when recognized for individual accomplishments c. particularly likely to express anger

more likely to be embarrassed when recognized for individual accomplishments

In the strange situation, a baby with ________ attachment is upset when the mother leaves and remains upset when she returns, sometimes to the point of being inconsolable. a. avoidant b. resistant c. secure

resistant

Research on the impact of heredity and environment on temperament shows that a. the impact of heredity is greater in infancy than childhood b. temperament may make some children particularly susceptible to environmental influence c. temperament is due to a few specific genes

temperament may make some children particularly susceptible to environmental influence

Most 12 month olds? a. cannot distinguish happy faces from sad faces b. can distinguish real smiles from fake smiles c. use their parent's facial expressions to interpret unfamiliar situatoins

use their parent's facial expressions to interpret unfamiliar situations

The first kind of fear to emerge in infancy is? a. fear of snakes and spiders b. wariness of strangers c. fear of imaginary creatures

wariness of strangers