Chp 19 Section 1 Industrial Revolution

Robert Owen

(1771-1858) British cotton manufacturer believed that humans would reveal their true natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment. Tested his theories at New Lanark, Scotland and New Harmony, Indiana, but failed

working class

A _______ was also created during the IR which faced wretched working conditions.

Henry Cort, puddling

A better quality of iron was produced in the 1780s when_________developed a process called ________.

Factory Act of 1833

An act that limited child labor but women made up the difference.

capital

Britain had a ready supply of money, or _______ to invest in the new industrial machines and factories

resources

Britain had plentiful natural ______. The country's rivers provided water power for the new factories, and transportation of raw materials

disrupted

During early period industrialization workers lives suffered because family life was _____. They were separated from their families and worked long hours and the pay was low.

cotton goods

In the 18th century Great Britain had surged way ahead in the production of inexpensive ______

cottage industry

In the 18th century individuals spun the thread and then wove the cloth in their rural cottages. This production method was called _______

middle class, working class

In the first half of the 19th century cities grew and two social classes emerged: industrial ______ and industrial ______

Socialism

In this economic system, society owns and controls some means of production such as factories and utilities

iron industry

New processes using coal aided the transformation of another industry - _______

enclosure movement

Parliament passed ________ laws - when landowners fenced off common lands this forced peasants to move to towns which gave Britain a plentiful supply of labor.

new jobs, goods

Railroad expansion created ________ for farm laborers and peasants. It was a less expensive means of transportation which led to lower priced _______. The lower prices caused an increase in sales which meant more factories and more machinery.

James Watt

Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819). Steam power could be used to spin and weave cotton.

cities, work, bad living conditions

Steam engine --> factory owners moved plants to ______--> people moved to cities to find _______-->rapid growth in cities' population---> _______

Great Britain

The Industrial Revolution began in ________ in the 1780s

food supply, population

The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain because there was an increase in the _______ which caused the _______ to grow.

factory

The ____ was another important element in the Industrial Revolution

industrial middle class

The new _____ was made up of the people who built the factories, bought the machines and developed the markets.

government policy

The pace of industrialization in Europe and the United States depended on many factors, including _______

steam engine, coal production

The use of the ______ was crucial to Britain's Industrial Revolution. It increased the need for coal and led to the expansion in _________

16, 6, security, wage

The working class worked ____ hours a day and ____ days a week; had no ______ of employment; no minimum ______

cotton mill

The worst working conditions were in the ______

outside of the home

When women and children work hours were limited it caused men to have to earn most of the family income by working _______.

Industrialization

_____ urbanized Europe and created new social classes .

entrepreneurs

______ found new business opportunities and new ways to make profits.

Cotton cloth

_______ became Great Britain's most valuable product that was sold everywhere

Railroads

_______ important during the Industrial Revolution because it was a more efficient means to transporting goods.

industrial capitalism

an economic system based on industrial production, rose during the Industrial Revolution and produced a new middle class group- the industrial middle class

Robert Fulton

built the first paddle wheel steamboat, the Clermont. Steamboats made transportation easier on the waterways of the United States.

-puddling

the process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron