Chp 19 Section 1 Industrial Revolution
Robert Owen
(1771-1858) British cotton manufacturer believed that humans would reveal their true natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment. Tested his theories at New Lanark, Scotland and New Harmony, Indiana, but failed
working class
A _______ was also created during the IR which faced wretched working conditions.
Henry Cort, puddling
A better quality of iron was produced in the 1780s when_________developed a process called ________.
Factory Act of 1833
An act that limited child labor but women made up the difference.
capital
Britain had a ready supply of money, or _______ to invest in the new industrial machines and factories
resources
Britain had plentiful natural ______. The country's rivers provided water power for the new factories, and transportation of raw materials
disrupted
During early period industrialization workers lives suffered because family life was _____. They were separated from their families and worked long hours and the pay was low.
cotton goods
In the 18th century Great Britain had surged way ahead in the production of inexpensive ______
cottage industry
In the 18th century individuals spun the thread and then wove the cloth in their rural cottages. This production method was called _______
middle class, working class
In the first half of the 19th century cities grew and two social classes emerged: industrial ______ and industrial ______
Socialism
In this economic system, society owns and controls some means of production such as factories and utilities
iron industry
New processes using coal aided the transformation of another industry - _______
enclosure movement
Parliament passed ________ laws - when landowners fenced off common lands this forced peasants to move to towns which gave Britain a plentiful supply of labor.
new jobs, goods
Railroad expansion created ________ for farm laborers and peasants. It was a less expensive means of transportation which led to lower priced _______. The lower prices caused an increase in sales which meant more factories and more machinery.
James Watt
Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819). Steam power could be used to spin and weave cotton.
cities, work, bad living conditions
Steam engine --> factory owners moved plants to ______--> people moved to cities to find _______-->rapid growth in cities' population---> _______
Great Britain
The Industrial Revolution began in ________ in the 1780s
food supply, population
The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain because there was an increase in the _______ which caused the _______ to grow.
factory
The ____ was another important element in the Industrial Revolution
industrial middle class
The new _____ was made up of the people who built the factories, bought the machines and developed the markets.
government policy
The pace of industrialization in Europe and the United States depended on many factors, including _______
steam engine, coal production
The use of the ______ was crucial to Britain's Industrial Revolution. It increased the need for coal and led to the expansion in _________
16, 6, security, wage
The working class worked ____ hours a day and ____ days a week; had no ______ of employment; no minimum ______
cotton mill
The worst working conditions were in the ______
outside of the home
When women and children work hours were limited it caused men to have to earn most of the family income by working _______.
Industrialization
_____ urbanized Europe and created new social classes .
entrepreneurs
______ found new business opportunities and new ways to make profits.
Cotton cloth
_______ became Great Britain's most valuable product that was sold everywhere
Railroads
_______ important during the Industrial Revolution because it was a more efficient means to transporting goods.
industrial capitalism
an economic system based on industrial production, rose during the Industrial Revolution and produced a new middle class group- the industrial middle class
Robert Fulton
built the first paddle wheel steamboat, the Clermont. Steamboats made transportation easier on the waterways of the United States.
-puddling
the process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron