Chp. 3 + 5
An osteon is the basic structural unit of_______
compact bone tissue
The dermis lies deep to the epidermis and is composed of_______
connective tissue
The dermis lies deep to the epidermis and is composed of________
connective tissue
Cells in the stratum spinosum are nourished by blood vessels located in the _______
dermis
The skeleton's ability to absorb heavy metals and thus keep them from harming surrounding tissues is referred to as________
detoxification
The glands that produce their secretion by exocytosis are _________
eccrine glands apocrine glands
apocrine gland
Apocrine glands are sweat glands, associated with the skin.
Identify functions of the skeleton,
Blood cell formation, Support. Protection, Movement, Reservoir of calcium and phosphate, Acid-base balance
What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?
Bone marrow
Short bone
Bones approximately equal in length and width
Long bone
Bones that function as a rigid lever
Irregular bone
Bones with complex shapes
What are the three zones of a hair?
Bulb, shaft, root
Short bone
Carpals and tarsals
Which glands are unique to the external ear canal?
Ceruminous glands
Which of the following tissue types are found in the dermal layer of the skin? Choose all that apply.
Connective tissue, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue, Epithelial tissue
Which of the following is not a gland associated with the skin?
Cowper's gland
What are the three concentric regions of the hair from the outside to the inside?
Cuticle, cortex, medulla
Which of the following best describes hair?
Dead, keratinized cells
Osteocytes
Detect strain placed on the bone
Osteoclasts
Dissolve old bone tissue
Where would you expect to find ceruminous glands?
Ear canal
Where does a long bone grow in length?
Epiphyseal plate
What are the two layers of the hair follicle?
Epithelial root sheath and connective tissue root sheath
True or false: Spongy bone is primarily made up of osteons.
False
True or false: The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.
False
True or false: The epidermis is composed of keratinized simple squamous epithelium.
False (The epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)
True or false: The follicle is a zone of a hair,
False (there are 3 zones)
Which of the following is not found in the dermis?
Fat tissue
Long bone
Femur, tibia and fibula
Which of the following are found in the dermis? Select all that apply.
Fibers, Glands, Blood vessels, Nerve endings
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage is found in the respiratory tubes, moveable joints, and nose, but not in the dermis.
The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification?
Intramembranous
Identify the cells of the epidermis.
Melanocytes, Stem cells, Merkel cells, Keratinocytes, Langerhans cells
melanoma
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, but only accounts for less than 5% of skin cancers.
merocrine gland
Merocrine glands are sweat glands, associated with the skin.
Flat bone
Most of the cranial bones
Nervous tissue
Nerve endings and sensory neurons are found in the dermis.
Sebaceous glands produce secretion that is characterized as which of the following?
Oily
Which bone cells produce the soft organic bone matrix?
Osteoblasts
Identify the bone cell that uses enzymes to destroy bone.
Osteoclasts
What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?
Osteocytes
What are the two zones of the dermis?
Papillary and reticular layer
Osteoblasts
Produce organic matter of bone matrix
Which of the following is seen in a first degree burn?
Redness
Name the oily component of the secretion of the sebaceous glands.
Sebum
Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?
Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes
Osteogenic cells
Stem cells
Muscular tissue
The arrector pili muscles of the hair follicles are made of smooth muscle and found in the dermis.
cortex
The cortex is the bulk of the hair surrounding the inner medulla.
cuticle
The cuticle is the outer layer of the hair.
follicle
The follicle surrounds the hair within the skin.
Connective tissue Nervous tissue
The main structure of the dermis of dense irregular connective tissue.
Stratum corneum
The stratum corneum is the thickest epidermal layer in both thin and thick skin.
Flat bone
Thin curved bone
What is the purpose of the canaliculi in compact bone?
To provide a passageway between the lacunae
Which structures found in spongy bone line up along the bone's lines of stress?
Trabeculae
The greatest risk factor for melanoma is________
UV radiation
Irregular bone
Vertebrae and ethmoid
Risks of skin cancer include_______
advanced age lifetime UV exposure
epithelial root sheath
an extension of the epidermis and lays immediately adjacent to the hair root.
The skin includes a variety of glands, which include__________
apocrine gland, merocrine gland, sebaceous gland, ceruminous gland
A tendon is a structure that functions in_________
attaching muscle to bone
The most common type of skin cancer is_______
basal cell carcinoma
The epidermis, like all epithelial tissue, lacks_______
blood vessels
In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae are called _________
canaliculi
Bones of the limbs, the vertebrae, ribs, sternum and scapula are formed by the process of _________ ossification.
endochondral
The epithelial root sheath of the hair follicle originates in the_______
epidermis
The structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the ___________ __________.
epiphyseal/growth plate
Apocrine glands produce secretions by_______
exocytosis
A mild sunburn can be classified as a _______ degree burn.
first
The hair and nails are composed primarily of_______
keratin
The epidermis is composed of_______
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
The cells of the epidermis include stem cells, Langerhans or dendritic cells, tactile disc cells, ____ and ______
keratinocytes, melanocytes
A band of connective tissue that joins bones together is called a________
ligament
The connective tissue bands that hold bones together at joints are called________
ligaments
Thick skin contains a clear layer packed with eleidin called the stratum_________
lucidum
At the center of each hair is a loosely arranged core of cells and air spaces. This region is called the_______
medulla
Bone dissolving macrophages found on the surface of bone are termed ________
osteociasts
Mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone are called________
osteocytes
The process of bone formation is called _______
osteogenesis
Stem cells of bone tissue are ____________ cells. These stem cells give rise to the ____________; the cells that produce the organic bone matrix. The cells that produce bone matrix become trapped in the bone matrix. These trapped cells are called __________. Finally, the bone cell that removes bone matrix is the __________
osteogenic; osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclast
The basic structural unit of compact bone tissue is the ________
osteon or haversian system
The dermis consists of two zones: the more superficial _______ layer and the deeper________ layer.
papillary, reticular
Second-degree burns are also called_______
partial thickness burns
Name the oily component of the secretion of the sebaceous glands.
sebum
Burns that involves the epidermis and part of the dermis are classified as ________ degree burns.
second
Squamous cell carcinoma arises from keratinocytes of the stratum_________
spinosum
Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in ________ bone tissue.
spongy, cancellous, or diploe
Sunscreens can protect the skin against________
sunburn but not skin cancer
The structure that attaches muscles to bones is a(n)_______
tendon
Full thickness burns may require skin grafts because________
there is damage to all the skin layers, this prevents scarring and contractures, this prevents infections
Fingernails are comprised of_______
thin, dead scaly epidermal cells
Fingernails are comprised of________
thin, dead scaly epidermal cells
Burns that completely destroy the epidermis and dermis are classified as ________ degree burns.
third
Mammary glands are modified ________ glands.
ароcrine
Name the epidermal layer from which fingernails and toenails are derived.
Stratum corneum
List the layers of the epidermis in order of most superficial to deepest.
Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale
Which layer of the epidermis is seen only in thick skin?
Stratum lucidum
Epithelial tissue
Sweat glands and sebaceous glands contain epithelial tissue.