Chp. 3 + 5

An osteon is the basic structural unit of_______

compact bone tissue

The dermis lies deep to the epidermis and is composed of_______

connective tissue

The dermis lies deep to the epidermis and is composed of________

connective tissue

Cells in the stratum spinosum are nourished by blood vessels located in the _______

dermis

The skeleton's ability to absorb heavy metals and thus keep them from harming surrounding tissues is referred to as________

detoxification

The glands that produce their secretion by exocytosis are _________

eccrine glands apocrine glands

apocrine gland

Apocrine glands are sweat glands, associated with the skin.

Identify functions of the skeleton,

Blood cell formation, Support. Protection, Movement, Reservoir of calcium and phosphate, Acid-base balance

What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?

Bone marrow

Short bone

Bones approximately equal in length and width

Long bone

Bones that function as a rigid lever

Irregular bone

Bones with complex shapes

What are the three zones of a hair?

Bulb, shaft, root

Short bone

Carpals and tarsals

Which glands are unique to the external ear canal?

Ceruminous glands

Which of the following tissue types are found in the dermal layer of the skin? Choose all that apply.

Connective tissue, Nervous tissue, Muscular tissue, Epithelial tissue

Which of the following is not a gland associated with the skin?

Cowper's gland

What are the three concentric regions of the hair from the outside to the inside?

Cuticle, cortex, medulla

Which of the following best describes hair?

Dead, keratinized cells

Osteocytes

Detect strain placed on the bone

Osteoclasts

Dissolve old bone tissue

Where would you expect to find ceruminous glands?

Ear canal

Where does a long bone grow in length?

Epiphyseal plate

What are the two layers of the hair follicle?

Epithelial root sheath and connective tissue root sheath

True or false: Spongy bone is primarily made up of osteons.

False

True or false: The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.

False

True or false: The epidermis is composed of keratinized simple squamous epithelium.

False (The epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)

True or false: The follicle is a zone of a hair,

False (there are 3 zones)

Which of the following is not found in the dermis?

Fat tissue

Long bone

Femur, tibia and fibula

Which of the following are found in the dermis? Select all that apply.

Fibers, Glands, Blood vessels, Nerve endings

Hyaline cartilage

Hyaline cartilage is found in the respiratory tubes, moveable joints, and nose, but not in the dermis.

The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification?

Intramembranous

Identify the cells of the epidermis.

Melanocytes, Stem cells, Merkel cells, Keratinocytes, Langerhans cells

melanoma

Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer, but only accounts for less than 5% of skin cancers.

merocrine gland

Merocrine glands are sweat glands, associated with the skin.

Flat bone

Most of the cranial bones

Nervous tissue

Nerve endings and sensory neurons are found in the dermis.

Sebaceous glands produce secretion that is characterized as which of the following?

Oily

Which bone cells produce the soft organic bone matrix?

Osteoblasts

Identify the bone cell that uses enzymes to destroy bone.

Osteoclasts

What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?

Osteocytes

What are the two zones of the dermis?

Papillary and reticular layer

Osteoblasts

Produce organic matter of bone matrix

Which of the following is seen in a first degree burn?

Redness

Name the oily component of the secretion of the sebaceous glands.

Sebum

Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?

Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

Osteogenic cells

Stem cells

Muscular tissue

The arrector pili muscles of the hair follicles are made of smooth muscle and found in the dermis.

cortex

The cortex is the bulk of the hair surrounding the inner medulla.

cuticle

The cuticle is the outer layer of the hair.

follicle

The follicle surrounds the hair within the skin.

Connective tissue Nervous tissue

The main structure of the dermis of dense irregular connective tissue.

Stratum corneum

The stratum corneum is the thickest epidermal layer in both thin and thick skin.

Flat bone

Thin curved bone

What is the purpose of the canaliculi in compact bone?

To provide a passageway between the lacunae

Which structures found in spongy bone line up along the bone's lines of stress?

Trabeculae

The greatest risk factor for melanoma is________

UV radiation

Irregular bone

Vertebrae and ethmoid

Risks of skin cancer include_______

advanced age lifetime UV exposure

epithelial root sheath

an extension of the epidermis and lays immediately adjacent to the hair root.

The skin includes a variety of glands, which include__________

apocrine gland, merocrine gland, sebaceous gland, ceruminous gland

A tendon is a structure that functions in_________

attaching muscle to bone

The most common type of skin cancer is_______

basal cell carcinoma

The epidermis, like all epithelial tissue, lacks_______

blood vessels

In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae are called _________

canaliculi

Bones of the limbs, the vertebrae, ribs, sternum and scapula are formed by the process of _________ ossification.

endochondral

The epithelial root sheath of the hair follicle originates in the_______

epidermis

The structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the ___________ __________.

epiphyseal/growth plate

Apocrine glands produce secretions by_______

exocytosis

A mild sunburn can be classified as a _______ degree burn.

first

The hair and nails are composed primarily of_______

keratin

The epidermis is composed of_______

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

The cells of the epidermis include stem cells, Langerhans or dendritic cells, tactile disc cells, ____ and ______

keratinocytes, melanocytes

A band of connective tissue that joins bones together is called a________

ligament

The connective tissue bands that hold bones together at joints are called________

ligaments

Thick skin contains a clear layer packed with eleidin called the stratum_________

lucidum

At the center of each hair is a loosely arranged core of cells and air spaces. This region is called the_______

medulla

Bone dissolving macrophages found on the surface of bone are termed ________

osteociasts

Mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone are called________

osteocytes

The process of bone formation is called _______

osteogenesis

Stem cells of bone tissue are ____________ cells. These stem cells give rise to the ____________; the cells that produce the organic bone matrix. The cells that produce bone matrix become trapped in the bone matrix. These trapped cells are called __________. Finally, the bone cell that removes bone matrix is the __________

osteogenic; osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclast

The basic structural unit of compact bone tissue is the ________

osteon or haversian system

The dermis consists of two zones: the more superficial _______ layer and the deeper________ layer.

papillary, reticular

Second-degree burns are also called_______

partial thickness burns

Name the oily component of the secretion of the sebaceous glands.

sebum

Burns that involves the epidermis and part of the dermis are classified as ________ degree burns.

second

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from keratinocytes of the stratum_________

spinosum

Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in ________ bone tissue.

spongy, cancellous, or diploe

Sunscreens can protect the skin against________

sunburn but not skin cancer

The structure that attaches muscles to bones is a(n)_______

tendon

Full thickness burns may require skin grafts because________

there is damage to all the skin layers, this prevents scarring and contractures, this prevents infections

Fingernails are comprised of_______

thin, dead scaly epidermal cells

Fingernails are comprised of________

thin, dead scaly epidermal cells

Burns that completely destroy the epidermis and dermis are classified as ________ degree burns.

third

Mammary glands are modified ________ glands.

ароcrine

Name the epidermal layer from which fingernails and toenails are derived.

Stratum corneum

List the layers of the epidermis in order of most superficial to deepest.

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis is seen only in thick skin?

Stratum lucidum

Epithelial tissue

Sweat glands and sebaceous glands contain epithelial tissue.