Chp 5: Integumentary System

Which pigments contribute to skin color? Select all that apply.

Melanin Hemoglobin Carotene

______ cuts to the lines of cleavage often results in slow healing and increased scarring.

Perpendicular

Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer? Select all that apply.

Protection Thermal insulation Energy reservoir

Match the structures of hair to their specific functions.

Protection = scalp hair covers the scalp & shields it from sunburn & injury.Heat retention = blanket of thick hair on scalpFacial expression = hairs of eyebrows Sensory reception = hair root plexuses Visual identification = color & density of hairs & scalp

Many cells in the epidermis produce cholecalciferol when exposed to _____

UV light

Another name for the skin is the ______ membrane.

cutaneous

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ______, keratinized cells.

dead

Nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ______.

dermis and epidermis

Epidermal accessory organs are located in the ______ and may project through the ______ to the surface of skin.

dermis, epidermis

As a result of aging, sweat production ______.

diminishes

Merocrine sweat production ______ during the aging process.

diminishes

The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______.

epidermal ridges

Second-degree burns involve the ______ and part of the ______.

epidermis, dermis

The skin is made up of two distinct layers, the _____ and the _____.

epidermis, dermis

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

epidermis, redness

There are two types of melanin, _________ and pheomelanin, together they produce various ratios of yellow, reddish, tan, brown, and black shades.

eumelanin

True or false: Hair is normally found on the palms of the hand.

false

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.

fingerprints

Excessive hair growth is called ______.

hirsutism

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein called ______.

keratin

Which type of hair is associated with the fetus?

lanugo

During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair, which are ______ and terminal hair.

lanugo, villus

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters. These are the number of ______ in the epidermis and the relative thickness of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.

layers

The whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body is called the ______.

lunula

Gray hair results from the gradual reduction of ______ production.

melanin

The color of hair is the result of ______.

melanin production

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine sweat glands

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine, apocrine

Sebaceous glands produce (an) ______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface

oily

The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.

papillary

In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) ______.

pilus

To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid ______.

prolonged exposure to the sun

Two major functions of hair are _____.

protection and heat retention

Hemoglobin exhibits a ______ color.

red

A type of gland associated with a hair follicle is usually a ______ gland.

sebaceous

As a person ages, the production of ______ glands in the skin decreases resulting in dry skin.

sebaceous

Which is a common treatment for third-degree burns?

skin grafting

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into __________.

sweat ducts/hair follicles

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ______ glands, ______ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

sweat, sebaceous

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ________ glands and _______ glands.

sweat, sebaceous

_____ hair is the type of hair that grows on the scalp, and is also the hair of eyebrows and pubic region. In men, it also grows on the face.

terminal

Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______.

texture, pigmentation

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.

thermoregulation

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ______, ______, and skin markings.

thickness, coloration

Skin grafting is normally necessary for _____.

third degree burns

Under normal conditions, some interstitial fluids slowly escape through the epidermis via a process called ______ water loss.

transepidermal

Nails and hair are components of the integumentary system.

true

True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.

true

True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

true

At puberty, terminal hair replaces ______ hair in the armpits and pubic regions of the body.

villus

In children, ______ is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body.

villusw

Carotene exhibits a ______ color.

yellow or orange

The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick

0.075, 0.150

The epidermis of thick skin ranges from 0.4mm to ______ mm thick.

0.6

Match the abnormality

Albinism - Lack of melanin production Bronzing - Exercise, sunburn, excess heat, emotions (anger or embarrassment) resulting in increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels in the dermis Cyanosis - Airway obstruction, emphysema, or respiratory arrest Glucocorticoid - hormone deficiency in the adrenal cortex; Addison disease Jaundice - Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood Pallor - Decreased blood flow to the skin

Since there are no blood vessels in the epidermis, where does its supply of nutrients come from?

Blood vessels in dermis

Skin becomes drier and sometimes scaly because of ______ diminishes the amounts of natural skin lubricants.

decreased sebaceous gland activity

The reticular layer of the dermis is ______.

deep to the papillary layer

In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ______ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ______ into the body.

edges, pathogens

The scalp normally loses between ______ hairs per day.

10-100

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks.

2

Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ______ weeks, and slight scarring may occur.

2-4

How many layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum?

3-5

In first degree burns, the healing time averages about _____ days, and typically no scarring results.

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ____ week(s).

4

The integument accounts for about _____% of the body weight.

8

Match the structures with the labels on the picture of skin.

A Hair follicle B Arrector pili muscle C Sebaceous gland D Apocrine sweat gland

Match the exocrine gland structures with the labels on diagram.

A Merocrine sweat gland B Merocrine sweat duct C Sebaceous gland D Apocrine sweat gland

Match the structure

Scalp hair - covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury. Heat retention - Blanket of thick hair on scalp Blanket of thick hair on scalp Sensory reception - Hair root plexuses Visual identification - Color and density of hairs of scalp

Hair loss that is normally the result of aging is called ______.

alopecia

The active growing phase of the hair growth cycle is called the ______ phase.

anlagen

The two types of connective tissue in the dermis are ______.

areolar and dense irregular

There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. The term for lack of blood vessels is ______.

avascular

In the second step of wound healing, a ______ forms.

blood clot

Nerve fibers in skin control ______. Select all that apply

blood flow gland secretion rates

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

blood vessels

In the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying ______.

blood vessels

The main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of ______ fibers that extend internally from the reticular layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer.

collagen

The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.

collagen

The specific orientation of ______ fiber bundles in the dermis is a result of the direction of applied ______ during routine movements.

collagen, stress

Which best describes the differences between sensible and insensible perspirations produced by sweat glands in the skin?

Insensible is in the form of water vapor and cannot be seen while sensible contains water and salts and can be seen.