Chp 5: Integumentary System
Which pigments contribute to skin color? Select all that apply.
Melanin Hemoglobin Carotene
______ cuts to the lines of cleavage often results in slow healing and increased scarring.
Perpendicular
Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer? Select all that apply.
Protection Thermal insulation Energy reservoir
Match the structures of hair to their specific functions.
Protection = scalp hair covers the scalp & shields it from sunburn & injury.Heat retention = blanket of thick hair on scalpFacial expression = hairs of eyebrows Sensory reception = hair root plexuses Visual identification = color & density of hairs & scalp
Many cells in the epidermis produce cholecalciferol when exposed to _____
UV light
Another name for the skin is the ______ membrane.
cutaneous
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ______, keratinized cells.
dead
Nerve fibers in the skin monitor sensory receptors in the ______.
dermis and epidermis
Epidermal accessory organs are located in the ______ and may project through the ______ to the surface of skin.
dermis, epidermis
As a result of aging, sweat production ______.
diminishes
Merocrine sweat production ______ during the aging process.
diminishes
The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______.
epidermal ridges
Second-degree burns involve the ______ and part of the ______.
epidermis, dermis
The skin is made up of two distinct layers, the _____ and the _____.
epidermis, dermis
First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).
epidermis, redness
There are two types of melanin, _________ and pheomelanin, together they produce various ratios of yellow, reddish, tan, brown, and black shades.
eumelanin
True or false: Hair is normally found on the palms of the hand.
false
Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.
fingerprints
Excessive hair growth is called ______.
hirsutism
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein called ______.
keratin
Which type of hair is associated with the fetus?
lanugo
During our lives, we produce three kinds of hair, which are ______ and terminal hair.
lanugo, villus
Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters. These are the number of ______ in the epidermis and the relative thickness of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.
layers
The whitish semilunar area of the proximal end of the nail body is called the ______.
lunula
Gray hair results from the gradual reduction of ______ production.
melanin
The color of hair is the result of ______.
melanin production
The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.
merocrine sweat glands
The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.
merocrine, apocrine
Sebaceous glands produce (an) ______ material that coats hair shafts and the epidermal surface
oily
The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.
papillary
In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) ______.
pilus
To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid ______.
prolonged exposure to the sun
Two major functions of hair are _____.
protection and heat retention
Hemoglobin exhibits a ______ color.
red
A type of gland associated with a hair follicle is usually a ______ gland.
sebaceous
As a person ages, the production of ______ glands in the skin decreases resulting in dry skin.
sebaceous
Which is a common treatment for third-degree burns?
skin grafting
The secretion from merocrine sweat glands are carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into __________.
sweat ducts/hair follicles
On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ______ glands, ______ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.
sweat, sebaceous
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ________ glands and _______ glands.
sweat, sebaceous
_____ hair is the type of hair that grows on the scalp, and is also the hair of eyebrows and pubic region. In men, it also grows on the face.
terminal
Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______.
texture, pigmentation
The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.
thermoregulation
There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ______, ______, and skin markings.
thickness, coloration
Skin grafting is normally necessary for _____.
third degree burns
Under normal conditions, some interstitial fluids slowly escape through the epidermis via a process called ______ water loss.
transepidermal
Nails and hair are components of the integumentary system.
true
True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.
true
True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
true
At puberty, terminal hair replaces ______ hair in the armpits and pubic regions of the body.
villus
In children, ______ is the primary human hair and is found on most of the body.
villusw
Carotene exhibits a ______ color.
yellow or orange
The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick
0.075, 0.150
The epidermis of thick skin ranges from 0.4mm to ______ mm thick.
0.6
Match the abnormality
Albinism - Lack of melanin production Bronzing - Exercise, sunburn, excess heat, emotions (anger or embarrassment) resulting in increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels in the dermis Cyanosis - Airway obstruction, emphysema, or respiratory arrest Glucocorticoid - hormone deficiency in the adrenal cortex; Addison disease Jaundice - Elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood Pallor - Decreased blood flow to the skin
Since there are no blood vessels in the epidermis, where does its supply of nutrients come from?
Blood vessels in dermis
Skin becomes drier and sometimes scaly because of ______ diminishes the amounts of natural skin lubricants.
decreased sebaceous gland activity
The reticular layer of the dermis is ______.
deep to the papillary layer
In the second step of wound healing, a blood clot temporarily patches the ______ of the wound together and acts as a barrier to prevent the entry of ______ into the body.
edges, pathogens
The scalp normally loses between ______ hairs per day.
10-100
Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about _____ weeks.
2
Healing of second degree burns takes approximately ______ weeks, and slight scarring may occur.
2-4
How many layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum?
3-5
In first degree burns, the healing time averages about _____ days, and typically no scarring results.
3-5
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ____ week(s).
4
The integument accounts for about _____% of the body weight.
8
Match the structures with the labels on the picture of skin.
A Hair follicle B Arrector pili muscle C Sebaceous gland D Apocrine sweat gland
Match the exocrine gland structures with the labels on diagram.
A Merocrine sweat gland B Merocrine sweat duct C Sebaceous gland D Apocrine sweat gland
Match the structure
Scalp hair - covers the scalp and shields it from sunburn and injury. Heat retention - Blanket of thick hair on scalp Blanket of thick hair on scalp Sensory reception - Hair root plexuses Visual identification - Color and density of hairs of scalp
Hair loss that is normally the result of aging is called ______.
alopecia
The active growing phase of the hair growth cycle is called the ______ phase.
anlagen
The two types of connective tissue in the dermis are ______.
areolar and dense irregular
There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. The term for lack of blood vessels is ______.
avascular
In the second step of wound healing, a ______ forms.
blood clot
Nerve fibers in skin control ______. Select all that apply
blood flow gland secretion rates
A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.
blood vessels
In the nails, the lunula appears whitish because a thickened underlying stratum basale obscures the underlying ______.
blood vessels
The main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of ______ fibers that extend internally from the reticular layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer.
collagen
The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.
collagen
The specific orientation of ______ fiber bundles in the dermis is a result of the direction of applied ______ during routine movements.
collagen, stress
Which best describes the differences between sensible and insensible perspirations produced by sweat glands in the skin?
Insensible is in the form of water vapor and cannot be seen while sensible contains water and salts and can be seen.