Chp.23 Urinary System

Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?

Interlobular v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?

Inulin and creatinine

Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min. Why is this?

It is secreted by the renal tubules.

Which of the following form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?

Podocytes

Which of the following is not a method by which atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure?

Preventing sodium loss in the urine

Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence.

True

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol.

True

The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water.

True

In response to a drop in overall blood pressure, __________ stimulates constriction of the glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet.

angiotensin II

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the __________.

fibrous capsule

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the __________.

glomerulus

Normal urine from a healthy person should not contain __________.

glucose

The __________ is not a portion of the urethra.

internal urethral sphincter

Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the _________, to form angiotensin I.

liver

The __________ is not an organ of the urinary system.

liver

Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the __________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.

proximal convoluted tubules

The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is to __________.

supply salt and urea to the renal medulla

In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as __________.

tubular fluid

A byproduct of protein catabolism, __________ constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.

urea

Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?

Decreased urine volume

The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below.

False

The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes.

True

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

False

Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles.

False

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the __________.

countercurrent multiplier system

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

Diuretics

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Hydrogen ions

In the thick segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop, K+ reenters the cell from the interstitial fluid via the _________. K+ is then secreted into the tubular fluid.

Na+-K+ pump

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Collecting duct

Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure.

False

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function.

False

Which of the following is not found in the ureter?

Skeletal muscle